DOCSLIB.ORG

Seasonal Succession of Zooplankton Populations in Two Dissimilar Marine Embayments on the Oregon Coast

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Seasonal Succession of Zooplankton Populations in Two Dissimilar Marine Embayments on the Oregon Coast ANABSTRACTOF THE THESIS OF STEVEN THOMAS ZIMMERMAN for the DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (Name of student) (Degree) in OCEANOGRAPHY presented on ): (Major) (Date) TITLE: SEASONAL SUCCESSION OF ZOO PLANKTON POPULATIONS IN TWO DISSIMILAR MARINE EMBAYMENTS ON THE OREGON COAST Redacted for Privacy Abstract approved: H. F. Frolander Zooplankton tows and hydrographic observations were made in two bays on the Oregon coast.Five stations were sampled weekly in Yaquina Bay from May,1969through September,1970. Three stations were sampled weekly in Netarts Bay from October,1969 through January,1961. Zooplankton collections were made with a a Clarke-Bumpus sampler towed in a series of oblique steps. A#6 mesh (.239 mm aperature) net was used, A one year period from October,1969through September, 1970 was used to make a compar- ison of location and succession of zooplankton populations in the two bays. Yaquina Bay is a dredged estuary receiving seasonally high river flow. A salinity gradient is found year round from the mouth to the head end of the bay.During the winter, when rainfall is high, salinities at the head end are very low.Netarts Bay has no large river flow and salinities are never greatly decreased due to large tidal mixing.The flushing time of Netarts Bay is very short and tidal exchange is high throughout the bay,Yaquina Bay has a rela- tively longer flushing time and tidal exchange is not as high in the head end of the bay as in Netarts Bay. Because of these physical differences large indigenous popula- tions of the estuarine copepods Acartia tonsa, Acartia clausi, and Eurytemora americana were found in Yaquina Bay.Indigenous popu- lations made a much smaller contribution to Netarts Bay, and only Eurytemora americana developed a population which was apparently confined to the bay. Indigenous upstream populations of Acartia clausi and Acartia tonsa did not appear to mix with the more downstream populations in Yaquina Bay. A bimodal size distribution for each of these species was found with larger animals nearer the mouth of the bay.Both the upstream and downstream summer populations of A. clausi were very abundant.Both of these populations may have been derived from animals which overwinter in the mid-bay region.There was no large downstream population of A. tonsa during the summer, Other holoplanktonic species which did not develop indigenous, estuarine populations made similar contributions to both bays. Most abundant among these categories were Pseudocalanus minutus, Paracalanus parvus, Oithona similis, Acartia longiremis and barnacle larvae,Acartia clausi was the most abundant species in both bays. Meroplankton made a greater contribution to Netarts Bay than it did to Yaquina Bay. During the summer when upwelling caused higher food avail- ability animal numbers were very high in both bays.The bulk of these numbers were contributed by a small number of species and summer diversity was low.During the winter diversity increased as new species were carried into Oregon waters from the south by the Davidson current.Numbers of animals in all categories were low during the winter. Because wind patterns caused upwelling during the summer and a nortnerly flow of water during the winter, there was a succession observed in the species collected.Several animals were found almost exclusively during the warmer (summer) months. Among these were the copepods Centropages abdominalis, Acartia longiremis, Pseudo- calanus minutus, Eurytemora americana and the cladocerans Podon leukarti and Evadne nordmanni. Other animals such as the copepods Acartia danae, Corycaeus anglicus, Ctenocalanus vanus, and Clausocalanus sp. were found almost exclusively during the colder months. Seasonal Succession of Zooplankton Populations in Two Dissimilar Marine Embayments on the Oregon Coast by Steven Thomas Zimmerman A THESIS submitted to Oregon State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy June 1972 APPROVED: Redacted for Privacy Professor of Oceanography in charge of major Redacted for Privacy Head of 'Department ofceanography Redacted for Privacy Dean of Graduate School Date thesis is presented Typed by Cheryl Curb and Opal Grossnicklaus for Steven Thomas Zimmerman DEDICATED TO THE MEMORY OF ROBERT ERVIN A CKNOWLEDGEMENTS Someday, someone should give Joan Flynn an honorary degree for all of the work which she has produced in the cause of zooplank. ton science at Oregon State University. My debt to Joan, who has put in so many hours on this project, is a great one.And I must specifically thank the two scientists who most helped this work to take form: Dr. Herbert F. Frolander who patiently guided and aidedme in bringing it to fruition; and Dr. Charles B. Miller who not so pa- tiently, but generously, turned me into a more critical and sophisti- cated scientist. There are several others who unselfishly reducedmy labors. Foremost is Lewis Bowen who opened up his home and kitchen tome before and after I had done battle with the sea.Also to be mentioned are Derek Poone, flick Goche' and Chuck Glanzman who helped me in my collections and Ade Matson who worked for hours producing methods to reduce my data and never expected any favors in return. FinallyI wish to thank Dean Satterlee, Bob Ervin, Bruce Danby and Don Spriggs.I do not thank them so much for the help theygave me in the towing of Clarke-Bumpus nets, as for the wonderful times we had together doing science. Lastly, to those of you who are reading this in preparation to beginning research on Netarts Bay, you will come to realize how much we owe to Victor Swanson for making it possible. And did you think I would forget Helena? She is my wife, whose mark is one everything I now do better because of her. This thesis was supported in part by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (maintained by the U. S. Department of Commerce) Institutional Sea Grant 2, 35187. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION 1 DESCRIPTION OF YAQUINA AND NETARTS BAYS 7 LOCATION OF SAMPLING STATIONS 16 METHODS 19 COMPARISON OF METHODS 25 EFFECT OF WEATHER 27 Winds 27 Precipitation 32 The Effect of Precipitation on the Salinity of Yaquina Bay 35 The Effect of Precipitation on the Salinity of Netarts Bay 36 Atmospheric Temperature 39 CLASSIFICATION OF THE BAYS 44 EXCHANGE RATIOS AND FLUSHING TIMES 46 STATISTICAL VARIABILITY 50 Subsampling 51 Replicate Tows 55 Tidal Heights and Daily Difference 55 Similarity of the Samples 59 GENERAL BIOLOGICAL RESULTS AND DISCUSSiON 62 Species List 62 Diversity 64 Holoplankton- -Copepoda 70 Family Acartiidae 72 Family Calanidae 103 Family Paracalanidae 108 Family Pseudocalanidae 114 Family Centropagidae 133 Family Temoridae 127 Family Metriidae 137 TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont.) Page Family Oithonidae 137 Family Corycaeidae 144 Holoplankton - - Other 147 Marine Cladocera 147 Larvacea and Larval Ascidacea 1 5Z Me roplankton 153 Barnacle Nauplii and Cyprids 155 Crab Zoea and Megalopa 1 58 Pelecypod Veligers 160 Variations in Total Numbers 161 Contributions and Ranks of the Most Abundant Animals 165 Correlation of Indigenous Populations with Flushing and Tidal Exchange 169 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS 172 Comparison of Netarts and Yaquina Bay Zooplankton Populations 172 Seasonal Indicator Species 178 BIBLIOGRAPHY 182 LIST 0 F FIGURES Figure Page 1. Index map showing the location of the area studied. 8 2. Map of Yaquina Bay showing the location of stations sampled.The first five (Bridge, Buoy 15, Buoy 21, Buoy 29, Buoy 39) were the most frequently sampled. 9 3. Map of Netarts Bay showing the location of the stations sampled (Baymouth, Mid Bay, Upperbay). 12 4. Processed wind data for Newport, Oregon from March through December, 1969.The mean for each month is the center point of each rectangle.Each rectangle represents the 95% confidence interval around the mean. 30 5. Processed wind data for Newport, Oregon for 1970. The mean for each month is the center point of each rectangle.Each rectangle represents the 95% confi- dence interval around the mean. 31 6. Daily rainfall data for Newport and Tillamook, Oregon. Data are concurrent with the period of zooplankton sampling in each bay (Newport, May, 1969September, 1970; Tillamook, October, 1969-December, 1970. 33 7. Weekly salinity values collected at five stations in Yaquina Bay from May, 1969 through September, 1970. 37 8. Weekly salinity values collected at three stations in Netarts Bay from October, 1969 through December, 1970. 38 9. Weekly water temperatures observed at five stations in Yaquina Bay from May, 1969 through September, 1970. 40 10. Weekly water temperatures observed at three stations in Netarts Bay from October, 1969 through December, 1970. 41 11. Diversity values for five stations in Yaquina Bay from May, 1969 through September, 1970. 67 Figure Page 12. Spatial distribution of four copepod specieson 30 July, 1969 from 1000 to 1600 hr.Stations were located from ten miles at sea to Buoy 39 in Yaquina Bay (From Frolander etaL, 1971), 74 1 3. Density of Acartia clausi at five stations in Yaquina Bay from May, 1969 through September, 1970, 77 14. Logarithmic plot of densities of Acartia clausi at five stations in Yaquina Bay from May, 1969 through September, 1970, 78 15. Mean (n1 5) cephalothorax length of Acartia clausi females taken from two stations in Yaquina Bay from March through September, 1970. 81 16. Density of Acartia clausi at three stations in Netarts Bay fromOctober, 1969 through February, 1971. 84 17. Density of Acartia tonsa at five stations in Yaquina Bay from May, 1969 through September, 1970. 89 18. Logarithmic plot of densities of Acartia tonsa at five stations in Yaquina Bay from May, 1969 through September, 1970, 90 19. Density of Acartia tonsa at three stations in Netarts Bay from October, 1969 through February, 1970. 96 20. Density of Acartia longiremis at five stations inYaquina Bay from May, 1969 through September, 1970.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • National Monitoring Program for Biodiversity and Non-Indigenous Species in Egypt
    UNITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENT PROGRAM MEDITERRANEAN ACTION PLAN REGIONAL ACTIVITY CENTRE FOR SPECIALLY PROTECTED AREAS National monitoring program for biodiversity and non-indigenous species in Egypt PROF. MOUSTAFA M. FOUDA April 2017 1 Study required and financed by: Regional Activity Centre for Specially Protected Areas Boulevard du Leader Yasser Arafat BP 337 1080 Tunis Cedex – Tunisie Responsible of the study: Mehdi Aissi, EcApMEDII Programme officer In charge of the study: Prof. Moustafa M. Fouda Mr. Mohamed Said Abdelwarith Mr. Mahmoud Fawzy Kamel Ministry of Environment, Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency (EEAA) With the participation of: Name, qualification and original institution of all the participants in the study (field mission or participation of national institutions) 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS page Acknowledgements 4 Preamble 5 Chapter 1: Introduction 9 Chapter 2: Institutional and regulatory aspects 40 Chapter 3: Scientific Aspects 49 Chapter 4: Development of monitoring program 59 Chapter 5: Existing Monitoring Program in Egypt 91 1. Monitoring program for habitat mapping 103 2. Marine MAMMALS monitoring program 109 3. Marine Turtles Monitoring Program 115 4. Monitoring Program for Seabirds 118 5. Non-Indigenous Species Monitoring Program 123 Chapter 6: Implementation / Operational Plan 131 Selected References 133 Annexes 143 3 AKNOWLEGEMENTS We would like to thank RAC/ SPA and EU for providing financial and technical assistances to prepare this monitoring programme. The preparation of this programme was the result of several contacts and interviews with many stakeholders from Government, research institutions, NGOs and fishermen. The author would like to express thanks to all for their support. In addition; we would like to acknowledge all participants who attended the workshop and represented the following institutions: 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Accumulation of Polyunsaturated Aldehydes in the Gonads of the Copepod Acartia Tonsa Revealed by Tailored Fluorescent Probes
    Accumulation of Polyunsaturated Aldehydes in the Gonads of the Copepod Acartia tonsa Revealed by Tailored Fluorescent Probes Stefanie Wolfram1, Jens C. Nejstgaard2,3*, Georg Pohnert1* 1 Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany, 2 Skidaway Institute of Oceanography, Savannah, GA, United States of America, 3 Department of Experimental Limnology, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Department 3 Experimental Limnology, Stechlin, Germany Abstract Polyunsaturated aldehydes (PUAs) are released by several diatom species during predation. Besides other attributed activities, these oxylipins can interfere with the reproduction of copepods, important predators of diatoms. While intensive research has been carried out to document the effects of PUAs on copepod reproduction, little is known about the underlying mechanistic aspects of PUA action. Especially PUA uptake and accumulation in copepods has not been addressed to date. To investigate how PUAs are taken up and interfere with the reproduction in copepods we developed a fluorescent probe containing the a,b,c,d-unsaturated aldehyde structure element that is essential for the activity of PUAs as well as a set of control probes. We developed incubation and monitoring procedures for adult females of the calanoid copepod Acartia tonsa and show that the PUA derived fluorescent molecular probe selectively accumulates in the gonads of this copepod. In contrast, a saturated aldehyde derived probe of an inactive parent molecule was enriched in the lipid sac. This leads to a model for PUAs’ teratogenic mode of action involving accumulation and covalent interaction with nucleophilic moieties in the copepod reproductive tissue. The teratogenic effect of PUAs can therefore be explained by a selective targeting of the molecules into the reproductive tissue of the herbivores, while more lipophilic but otherwise strongly related structures end up in lipid bodies.
    [Show full text]
  • Copepoda, Calanoida) in Relation to Their Trophic Habits
    INTEGUMENTAL STRUCTURES IN THE ORAL FIELD OF EURYTEMORA AFFINIS AND ACARTIA TONSA (COPEPODA, CALANOIDA) IN RELATION TO THEIR TROPHIC HABITS BY M. S. HOFFMEYER1) and M. PRADO FIGUEROA2) 1) Instituto Argentino de Oceanografia, CONICET/ Universidad Nacional Sur, Av. Alem 53, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina 2) Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquimicas, CONICET/ Universidad Nacional Sur, C.C. 857, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina ABSTRACT Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to study the morphology of the integumental structures in the oral field of the copepods Eurytemora affinis and Acartia tonsa. Structures observed in these two copepods were different in type, number, and location. E. affinis presented only structures of a filiform type, distributed all over the oral field, whereas in A. tonsa three different types of structures were observed: filiform, papilliform, and conical, distributed according to a complex pattern. The results obtained on the chaetotaxy of the oral field demonstrate a strong morphological adaptation of each copepod to its trophic habits. The ecological implications of these results on the coexistence of populations of both species in the Bahía Blanca estuary are discussed. RESUMEN Se estudió la morfología de las estructuras tegumentarias del campo oral de los copepodos Eurytemora affinis y Acartia tonsa utilizando Microscopía Electrónica de Barrido. Las estructuras observadas en ambos copepodos difirieron en tipo, número y localización. E. affinis presentó un patrón morfológico simple constituído por estructuras de tipo filiforme distribuídas en todo el campo oral, mientras en A. tonsa se observó un patrón morfológico complejo con tres tipos de estructuras: filiforme, papiliforme y cónico distribuídas en áreas determinadas del campo oral.
    [Show full text]
  • Copepod Distribution and Production in a Mid-Atlantic Ridge Archipelago
    Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências (2014) 86(4): 1719-1733 (Annals of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences) Printed version ISSN 0001-3765 / Online version ISSN 1678-2690 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201420130395 www.scielo.br/aabc Copepod distribution and production in a Mid-Atlantic Ridge archipelago PEDRO A.M.C. MELO1, MAURO DE MELO JÚNIOR2, SILVIO J. DE MACÊDO1, MOACYR ARAUJO1 and SIGRID NEUMANN-LEITÃO1 1Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Departamento de Oceanografia, Av. Arquitetura, s/n, Cidade Universitária, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brasil 2Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Unidade Acadêmica de Serra Talhada, Fazenda Saco, s/n, Zona Rural, 56903-970 Serra Talhada, PE, Brasil Manuscript received on October 3, 2013; accepted for publication on March 11, 2014 ABSTRACT The Saint Peter and Saint Paul Archipelago (SPSPA) are located close to the Equator in the Atlantic Ocean. The aim of this study was to assess the spatial variations in the copepod community abundance, and the biomass and production patterns of the three most abundant calanoid species in the SPSPA. Plankton samples were collected with a 300 µm mesh size net along four transects (north, east, south and west of the SPSPA), with four stations plotted in each transect. All transects exhibited a tendency toward a decrease in copepod density with increasing distance from the SPSPA, statistically proved in the North. Density varied from 3.33 to 182.18 ind.m-3, and differences were also found between the first perimeter (first circular distance band) and the others. The total biomass varied from 15.25 to 524.50 10-3 mg C m-3 and production from 1.19 to 22.04 10-3 mg C m-3d-1.
    [Show full text]
  • A Systematic and Experimental Analysis of Their Genes, Genomes, Mrnas and Proteins; and Perspective to Next Generation Sequencing
    Crustaceana 92 (10) 1169-1205 CRUSTACEAN VITELLOGENIN: A SYSTEMATIC AND EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF THEIR GENES, GENOMES, MRNAS AND PROTEINS; AND PERSPECTIVE TO NEXT GENERATION SEQUENCING BY STEPHANIE JIMENEZ-GUTIERREZ1), CRISTIAN E. CADENA-CABALLERO2), CARLOS BARRIOS-HERNANDEZ3), RAUL PEREZ-GONZALEZ1), FRANCISCO MARTINEZ-PEREZ2,3) and LAURA R. JIMENEZ-GUTIERREZ1,5) 1) Sea Science Faculty, Sinaloa Autonomous University, Mazatlan, Sinaloa, 82000, Mexico 2) Coelomate Genomic Laboratory, Microbiology and Genetics Group, Industrial University of Santander, Bucaramanga, 680007, Colombia 3) Advanced Computing and a Large Scale Group, Industrial University of Santander, Bucaramanga, 680007, Colombia 4) Catedra-CONACYT, National Council for Science and Technology, CDMX, 03940, Mexico ABSTRACT Crustacean vitellogenesis is a process that involves Vitellin, produced via endoproteolysis of its precursor, which is designated as Vitellogenin (Vtg). The Vtg gene, mRNA and protein regulation involve several environmental factors and physiological processes, including gonadal maturation and moult stages, among others. Once the Vtg gene, mRNAs and protein are obtained, it is possible to establish the relationship between the elements that participate in their regulation, which could either be species-specific, or tissue-specific. This work is a systematic analysis that compares the similarities and differences of Vtg genes, mRNA and Vtg between the crustacean species reported in databases with respect to that obtained from the transcriptome of Callinectes arcuatus, C. toxotes, Penaeus stylirostris and P. vannamei obtained with MiSeq sequencing technology from Illumina. Those analyses confirm that the Vtg obtained from selected species will serve to understand the process of vitellogenesis in crustaceans that is important for fisheries and aquaculture. RESUMEN La vitelogénesis de los crustáceos es un proceso que involucra la vitelina, producida a través de la endoproteólisis de su precursor llamado Vitelogenina (Vtg).
    [Show full text]
  • Fishery Bulletin/U S Dept of Commerce National Oceanic
    NEW RECORDS OF ELLOBIOPSIDAE (PROTISTA (INCERTAE SEDIS» FROM THE NORTH PACIFIC WITH A DESCRIPTION OF THALASSOMYCES ALBATROSSI N.SP., A PARASITE OF THE MYSID STILOMYSIS MAJOR BRUCE L. WINGl ABSTRACT Ten species of ellobiopsids are currently known to occur in the North Pacific Ocean-three on mysids and seven on other crustaceans. Thalassomyces boschmai parasitizes mysids of genera Acanthomysis, Neomysis, and Meterythrops from the coastal waters of Alaska, British Columbia, and Washington. Thalassomyces albatrossi n.sp. is described as a parasite of Stilomysis major from Korea. Thalassomyces fasciatus parasitizes the pelagic mysids Gnathophausia ingens and G. gracilis from Baja California and southern California. Thalassomyces marsupii parasitizes the hyperiid amphipods Parathemisto pacifica and P. libellula and the lysianassid amphipod Cypho­ caris challengeri in the northeastern Pacific. Thalassomyces fagei parasitizes euphausiids of the genera Euphausia and Thysanoessa in the northeastern Pacific from the southern Chukchi Sea to southern California, and occurs off the coast of Japan in the western Pacific. Thalassomyces capillosus parasitizes the decapod shrimp Pasiphaea pacifica in the northeastern Pacific from Alaska to Oregon, while Thalassomyces californiensis parasitizes Pasiphaea emarginata from central California. An eighth species of Thalassomyces parasitizing pasiphaeid shrimp from Baja California remains undescribed. Ellobiopsis chattoni parasitizes the calanoid copepods Metridia longa and Pseudocalanus minutus in the coastal waters of southeastern Alaska. Ellobiocystis caridarum is found frequently on the mouth parts ofPasiphaea pacifica from southeastern Alaska. An epibiont closely resembling Ellobiocystis caridarum has been found on the benthic gammarid amphipod Rhachotropis helleri from Auke Bay, Alaska. Where sufficient data are available, notes on variability, seasonal occurrence, and effects on the hosts are presented for each species of ellobiopsid.
    [Show full text]
  • Eggs of the Copepod Acartia Tonsa Dana Require Hypoxic Conditions to Tolerate Prolonged Embryonic Development Arrest Tue Sparholt Jørgensen1,2*, Per Meyer Jepsen1, H
    Jørgensen et al. BMC Ecol (2019) 19:1 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12898-018-0217-5 BMC Ecology RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Eggs of the copepod Acartia tonsa Dana require hypoxic conditions to tolerate prolonged embryonic development arrest Tue Sparholt Jørgensen1,2*, Per Meyer Jepsen1, H. Cecilie B. Petersen1, Dennis Steven Friis1 and Benni Winding Hansen1* Abstract Background: Copepods make up the largest zooplankton biomass in coastal areas and estuaries and are pivotal for the normal development of fsh larva of countless species. During spring in neritic boreal waters, the copepod pelagic biomass increases rapidly from near absence during winter. In the calanoid species Acartia tonsa, a small fraction of eggs are dormant regardless of external conditions and this has been hypothesized to be crucial for sediment egg banks and for the rapid biomass increase during spring. Other eggs can enter a state of induced arrest called quies- cence when external conditions are unfavourable. While temperature is known to be a pivotal factor in the transition from developing to resting eggs and back, the role of pH and free Oxygen in embryo development has not been systematically investigated. Results: Here, we show in a laboratory setting that hypoxic conditions are necessary for resting eggs to maintain a near-intact rate of survival after several months of induced resting. We further investigate the infuence of pH that is realistic for natural sediments on the viability of resting eggs and document the efect that eggs have on the pH of the surrounding environment. We fnd that resting eggs acidify their immediate surroundings and are able to survive in a wide range of pH.
    [Show full text]
  • Kinematic and Dynamic Scaling of Copepod Swimming
    fluids Review Kinematic and Dynamic Scaling of Copepod Swimming Leonid Svetlichny 1,* , Poul S. Larsen 2 and Thomas Kiørboe 3 1 I.I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Str. B. Khmelnytskogo, 15, 01030 Kyiv, Ukraine 2 DTU Mechanical Engineering, Fluid Mechanics, Technical University of Denmark, Building 403, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark; [email protected] 3 Centre for Ocean Life, Danish Technical University, DTU Aqua, Building 202, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 30 March 2020; Accepted: 6 May 2020; Published: 11 May 2020 Abstract: Calanoid copepods have two swimming gaits, namely cruise swimming that is propelled by the beating of the cephalic feeding appendages and short-lasting jumps that are propelled by the power strokes of the four or five pairs of thoracal swimming legs. The latter may be 100 times faster than the former, and the required forces and power production are consequently much larger. Here, we estimated the magnitude and size scaling of swimming speed, leg beat frequency, forces, power requirements, and energetics of these two propulsion modes. We used data from the literature together with new data to estimate forces by two different approaches in 37 species of calanoid copepods: the direct measurement of forces produced by copepods attached to a tensiometer and the indirect estimation of forces from swimming speed or acceleration in combination with experimentally estimated drag coefficients. Depending on the approach, we found that the propulsive forces, both for cruise swimming and escape jumps, scaled with prosome length (L) to a power between 2 and 3.
    [Show full text]
  • Invertebrate Animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) of the Atanasovsko Lake, Bulgaria
    Historia naturalis bulgarica, 22: 45-71, 2015 Invertebrate Animals (Metazoa: Invertebrata) of the Atanasovsko Lake, Bulgaria Zdravko Hubenov, Lyubomir Kenderov, Ivan Pandourski Abstract: The role of the Atanasovsko Lake for storage and protection of the specific faunistic diversity, characteristic of the hyper-saline lakes of the Bulgarian seaside is presented. The fauna of the lake and surrounding waters is reviewed, the taxonomic diversity and some zoogeographical and ecological features of the invertebrates are analyzed. The lake system includes from freshwater to hyper-saline basins with fast changing environment. A total of 6 types, 10 classes, 35 orders, 82 families and 157 species are known from the Atanasovsko Lake and the surrounding basins. They include 56 species (35.7%) marine and marine-brackish forms and 101 species (64.3%) brackish-freshwater, freshwater and terrestrial forms, connected with water. For the first time, 23 species in this study are established (12 marine, 1 brackish and 10 freshwater). The marine and marine- brackish species have 4 types of ranges – Cosmopolitan, Atlantic-Indian, Atlantic-Pacific and Atlantic. The Atlantic (66.1%) and Cosmopolitan (23.2%) ranges that include 80% of the species, predominate. Most of the fauna (over 60%) has an Atlantic-Mediterranean origin and represents an impoverished Atlantic-Mediterranean fauna. The freshwater-brackish, freshwater and terrestrial forms, connected with water, that have been established from the Atanasovsko Lake, have 2 main types of ranges – species, distributed in the Palaearctic and beyond it and species, distributed only in the Palaearctic. The representatives of the first type (52.4%) predomi- nate. They are related to the typical marine coastal habitats, optimal for the development of certain species.
    [Show full text]
  • Fecundity and Survival of the Calanoid Copepod <I>Acartia Tonsa
    The University of Southern Mississippi The Aquila Digital Community Master's Theses Spring 5-2007 Fecundity and Survival of the Calanoid Copepod Acartia tonsa Fed Isochrysis galeana (Tahitian Strain) and Chaetoceros mulleri Angelos Apeitos University of Southern Mississippi Follow this and additional works at: https://aquila.usm.edu/masters_theses Part of the Aquaculture and Fisheries Commons, and the Marine Biology Commons Recommended Citation Apeitos, Angelos, "Fecundity and Survival of the Calanoid Copepod Acartia tonsa Fed Isochrysis galeana (Tahitian Strain) and Chaetoceros mulleri" (2007). Master's Theses. 276. https://aquila.usm.edu/masters_theses/276 This Masters Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by The Aquila Digital Community. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of The Aquila Digital Community. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The University of Southern Mississippi FECUNDITY AND SURVIVAL OF THE CALANOID COPEPOD ACARTIA TONSA FED ISOCHRYSIS GALEANA (TAHITIAN STRAIN) AND CHAETOCEROS MULLER! by Angelos Apeitos A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Studies Office of the University of Southern Mississippi in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science May2007 ABS1RACT FECUNDITY AND SURVIVAL OF THE CALANOID COPEPOD ACARTIA TONSA FED ISOCHRYSIS GALEANA (TAHITIAN STRAIN) AND CHAETOCEROS MULLER! Historically, red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus) larviculture at the Gulf Coast Research Lab (GCRL) used 25 ppt artificial salt water and mixed, wild zooplankton composed primarily of Acartia tonsa, a calanoid copepod. Acartia tonsa was collected from the estuarine waters of Davis Bayou and bloomed in outdoor tanks from which it was harvested and fed to red sapper larvae.
    [Show full text]
  • National Monitoring Program for Biodiversity and Non-Indigenous Species in Egypt
    National monitoring program for biodiversity and non-indigenous species in Egypt January 2016 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS page Acknowledgements 3 Preamble 4 Chapter 1: Introduction 8 Overview of Egypt Biodiversity 37 Chapter 2: Institutional and regulatory aspects 39 National Legislations 39 Regional and International conventions and agreements 46 Chapter 3: Scientific Aspects 48 Summary of Egyptian Marine Biodiversity Knowledge 48 The Current Situation in Egypt 56 Present state of Biodiversity knowledge 57 Chapter 4: Development of monitoring program 58 Introduction 58 Conclusions 103 Suggested Monitoring Program Suggested monitoring program for habitat mapping 104 Suggested marine MAMMALS monitoring program 109 Suggested Marine Turtles Monitoring Program 115 Suggested Monitoring Program for Seabirds 117 Suggested Non-Indigenous Species Monitoring Program 121 Chapter 5: Implementation / Operational Plan 128 Selected References 130 Annexes 141 2 AKNOWLEGEMENTS 3 Preamble The Ecosystem Approach (EcAp) is a strategy for the integrated management of land, water and living resources that promotes conservation and sustainable use in an equitable way, as stated by the Convention of Biological Diversity. This process aims to achieve the Good Environmental Status (GES) through the elaborated 11 Ecological Objectives and their respective common indicators. Since 2008, Contracting Parties to the Barcelona Convention have adopted the EcAp and agreed on a roadmap for its implementation. First phases of the EcAp process led to the accomplishment of 5 steps of the scheduled 7-steps process such as: 1) Definition of an Ecological Vision for the Mediterranean; 2) Setting common Mediterranean strategic goals; 3) Identification of an important ecosystem properties and assessment of ecological status and pressures; 4) Development of a set of ecological objectives corresponding to the Vision and strategic goals; and 5) Derivation of operational objectives with indicators and target levels.
    [Show full text]
  • Translation Series No. 893
    (y-2, /' 7 'FISHERIES RESEARCH BOARD OF CANADA Translation Series No. 893 . Population dynamics and annual production of Acartia clausi Giesbr. and Centruagfs kreiyeri Giesbr, in the neritic zone of the Black Sej- By V.N. Greze and E.P. Baldina Original title: Dinamika populyatsil ± godovaya produktsiya Acartia olausi Giesbr. ± Centropages . kryeri Giesb17. V—neritich-eskoi zone Chernogo morya.; From: Trudy Sevastopoltskoi Biologicheskoi Stantsii, Akademiya Nauk Ukrainskoi SSR, Vol. 17, pp. 249-261. 1964. Translated by the Translation Bureau (AK) Foreign Languages Division Department of the Secretary of State of Canada Fisheries Research Board of Canada Atlantic Oceanographic Group Dartmouth, N. S., 1967 e■n“ ' ,e,ea 44. Pe5 ■• • • • • 7682-7 hdouncUon sulp,Incnt • PepUlation .dynamics and,Annual/roduction of Acartla_ . dlausi Gicsbr. and Cenrog2ges'Myerl._Giesbr. in the I\Tritic lone of the Black Sea , By V.N.Greze and E.P.Baldina. /From: "Transactions of the Sevastopol Biological Station. Volume XVII, 1964, published by the Ukranian SSR Academy of Sciences, Kiev./ Beginning with May 1960, systematic observations were carried out at the Sevastopol Biological Station of the dy- namics of the numbers of the zooplankton within the ten-mile btoje coastal zone of the Black Sea. Thesi§ask)of the research was a study of the seasonal changes in the quantity of the mass species of the plankton and of their various stages of deve- v lopment, as well as a determination of the Evalues of tI an- nual production. In this article are shown the first,results obtained 1 as a result of the treatment. of the annual cycle of collec- 1/ocuee.f) tions in 1960-61, ac-c-Œrd-Ing-to two species of copepodslrlth different ecology - .
    [Show full text]