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Metal-Containing Proteins, Macrocycles, and Coordination Complexes in Therapeutic Applications and Disease

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Metal-Containing Proteins, Macrocycles, and Coordination Complexes in Therapeutic Applications and Disease Metal-Based Drugs Metal-Containing Proteins, Macrocycles, and Coordination Complexes in Therapeutic Applications and Disease Guest Editors: Jannie C. Swarts, Michael J. Cook, and Edward N. Baker Metal-Containing Proteins, Macrocycles, and Coordination Complexes in Therapeutic Applications and Disease Metal-Based Drugs Metal-Containing Proteins, Macrocycles, and Coordination Complexes in Therapeutic Applications and Disease Guest Editors: Jannie C. Swarts, Michael J. Cook, and Edward N. Baker Copyright © 2008 Hindawi Publishing Corporation. All rights reserved. This is a special issue published in volume 2008 of “Metal-Based Drugs.” All articles are open access articles distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Editor-in-Chief Gianni Sava, University of Trieste, Italy Associate Editors A. S. Abu-Surrah, Jordan Claire Corot, France Rafael Moreno-Sanchez,´ Mexico Silvio Aime, Italy Clemens Decristoforo, Austria Giovanni Natile, Italy Roger Alberto, Switzerland Paul J. Dyson, Switzerland Domenico Osella, Italy Enzo Alessio, Italy Melpomeni Fani, Greece Dieter Rehder, Germany Carolyn J. Anderson, USA Simon P. Fricker, Canada Roberto A. Sanchez-Delgado,´ USA AlbertaBergamo,Italy Dan Gibson, Israel Jan H.M. Schellens, The Netherlands Andrea Bonetti, Italy Zijian Guo, China Edward I. Solomon, USA Viktor Brabec, Czech Republic Bernhard Keppler, Austria Enzo Terreno, Italy David Brautigan, USA Irena Kostova, Bulgaria Iztok Turel, Slovenia Carolyn L. Cannon, USA S. Liu, USA Gail R. Willsky, USA C. M. Che, Hong Kong Eric L. Meggers, USA Wiley J. Youngs, USA Mauro Coluccia, Italy Enrico Mini, Italy Contents Metal-Containing Proteins, Macrocycles, and Coordination Complexes in Therapeutic Applications and Disease, Jannie C. Swarts, Michael J. Cook, and Edward N. Baker Volume 2008, Article ID 286363, 2 pages Photodynamic Therapy and the Development of Metal-Based Photosensitisers, Leanne B. Josefsen and Ross W. Boyle Volume 2008, Article ID 276109, 23 pages Synthesis and Biological Analysis of Thiotetra(ethylene glycol) monomethyl Ether-Functionalized Porphyrazines: Cellular Uptake and Toxicity Studies, Sangwan Lee, Benjamin J. Vesper, Hong Zong, Neal D. Hammer, Kim M. Elseth, Anthony G. M. Barrett, Brian M. Hoffman, and James A. Radosevich Volume 2008, Article ID 391418, 13 pages Synthesis, Characterization, and In Vitro Photodynamic Activity of Novel Amphiphilic Zinc(II) Phthalocyanines Bearing Oxyethylene-Rich Substituents, Jian-Yong Liu, Xiong-Jie Jiang, Wing-Ping Fong, and Dennis K. P. Ng Volume 2008, Article ID 284691, 8 pages Investigation of Zinc bis(1,4-didecylbenzo)-bis(2,3-pyrido) Porphyrazine for Application as Photosensitizer in Photodynamic Therapy of Cancer, Keiichi Sakamoto, Eiko Ohno-Okumura, Taku Kato, Masaki Watanabe, and Michael J. Cook Volume 2008, Article ID 392090, 7 pages Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of Tetra- and Octasubstituted Phosphorous Oxide Triazatetrabenzcorrole Photosensitizers, Edith M. Antunes and Tebello Nyokong Volume 2008, Article ID 498916, 9 pages Synthetic Polymers as Drug-Delivery Vehicles in Medicine,EberhardW.Neuse Volume 2008, Article ID 469531, 19 pages Synthesis and Anchoring of Antineoplastic Ferrocene and Phthalocyanine Derivatives on Water-Soluble Polymeric Drug Carriers Derived from Lysine and Aspartic Acid,M.DavidMaree, Eberhard W. Neuse, Elizabeth Erasmus, and Jannie C. Swarts Volume 2008, Article ID 217573, 10 pages Phthalocyanine-Based Molecularly Imprinted Polymers as Nucleoside Receptors,LuigiaLongoand Giuseppe Vasapollo Volume 2008, Article ID 281843, 5 pages Identification of Proteins Related to Nickel Homeostasis in Helicobater pylori by Immobilized Metal Affinity Chromatography and Two-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis, Xuesong Sun, Ruiguang Ge, Jen-Fu Chiu, Hongzhe Sun, and Qing-Yu He Volume 2008, Article ID 289490, 6 pages DNA Binding and Photocleavage Studies of Cobalt(III) Ethylenediamine Pyridine Complexes: 3+ 3+ [Co(en)2(py)2] and [Co(en)2(mepy)2] , Penumaka Nagababu, D. Aravind Kumar, Kotha Laxma Reddy, K. Ashwini Kumar, Md. B. Mustafa, Mynam Shilpa, and S. Satyanarayana Volume 2008, Article ID 275084, 8 pages Metallocene Antimalarials: The Continuing Quest, Margaret A. L. Blackie and Kelly Chibale Volume 2008, Article ID 495123, 10 pages Synthesis and Cytotoxicity Studies of Titanocene C Analogues,MeganHogan,JamesClaffey, Eoin Fitzpatrick, Thomas Hickey, Clara Pampillon,´ and Matthias Tacke Volume 2008, Article ID 754358, 7 pages The In Vitro Antitumour Activity of Novel, Mitochondrial-Interactive, Gold-Based Lipophilic Cations, Sherika Mahepal, Richard Bowen, Messai Adenew Mamo, Marcus Layh, and Constance Elizabeth Jansen van Rensburg Volume 2008, Article ID 864653, 5 pages Synthesis, Structure, Electrochemistry, and Spectral Characterization of Bis-Isatin Thiocarbohydrazone Metal Complexes and Their Antitumor Activity Against Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma in Swiss Albino Mice,M.P.Sathisha,V.K.Revankar,andK.S.R.Pai Volume 2008, Article ID 362105, 11 pages Kinetic and High-Pressure Mechanistic Investigation of the Aqua Substitution in the Trans-Aquaoxotetracyano Complexes of Re(V) and Tc(V): Some Implications for Nuclear Medicine, J. Mattheus Botha and Andreas Roodt Volume 2008, Article ID 745989, 9 pages Hindawi Publishing Corporation Metal-Based Drugs Volume 2008, Article ID 286363, 2 pages doi:10.1155/2008/286363 Editorial Metal-Containing Proteins, Macrocycles, and Coordination Complexes in Therapeutic Applications and Disease Jannie C. Swarts,1 Michael J. Cook,2 and Edward N. Baker3 1 Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa 2 School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK 3 Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery and School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, 3A Symonds Street, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand Correspondence should be addressed to Jannie C. Swarts, [email protected] Received 8 January 2008; Accepted 8 January 2008 Copyright © 2008 Jannie C. Swarts et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Treatment of diseases with natural and synthetic materials factors that currently prevent many potentially good thera- has been an aspiration of mankind since the dawn of human peutic agents from reaching clinics. development. From the use of willow-bark to the market- The focus of this special issue is the synthesis, character- ing of aspirin, a steady move from folk remedies to the use isation, physical studies, and application of synthetic metal- of chemistry and biology to develop new therapies has been containing complexes and natural occurring proteins in se- observed. In terms of metal-containing drugs, the platinum- rious human diseases such as cancer, diabetes, arthritis, viral containing drug cisplatin has long been the most effective disease, malaria, and tuberculosis with special focus on the metal-containing anticancer drug on the market. following: However, severe side effects of conventional drugs are (a) porphyrins, phthalocyanines, and related complexes in associated with the inability to distinguish between healthy photodynamic cancer therapy; and cancer cells. Hence, a concerted world-wide effort is in progress to discover and characterise new drugs that may dis- (b) proteins, enzymes, and synthetic polymeric drug de- tinguish between healthy and cancer or other diseased cells. livery systems in the treatment of cancer and other dis- New techniques of drug delivery are sought and the use of eases; natural products, proteins, antibodies, and synthetic poly- (c) coordination and organometallic compounds in can- mers as drug delivery devices capable of targeting a diseased cer, arthritis, malaria, and viral disease. site is being investigated. Theseissuesarenicelyillustratedbymacrocyclessuch Towards these goals, L. Josefsen and R. Boyle describe as porphyrins, phthalocyanines, and related systems. Some in their review article the development and application of of these compounds exhibit selective absorption by can- metal-based photosensitisers, including porphyrins and ph- cer cells and have the ability to photosensitize formation thalocyanines, in photodynamic therapy. Four other publica- of singlet oxygen. These attributes have led to the develop- tionshighlightdifferent aspects of porphyrin-based macro- ment of alternative cancer treatments known as photody- cyclic photosensitisers. S. Lee et al. focus on the cellular up- namic therapy. Sadly, many potentially good new therapeu- take and toxicity of thiotetra (ethylene glycol) monomethyl tic agents often never leave the designers’ laboratory due to ether-functionalized porphyrazines. J.-Y. Liu et al. focus on some pharmacological problems associated with its in vivo in vitro photodynamic activity of novel amphiphilic zinc(II) use. The use of drug delivering devices, including water- phthalocyanines bearing oxyethylene-rich substituents. E. soluble synthetic polymeric drug delivery systems, may help Antunes and T. Nyokong highlight the syntheses and pho- overcome many pharmacological drug-related problems, in- tophysical properties of tetraazatetrabenzcorrole photosen- cluding those of solubility, specificity, and biocompatibility, sitizers. Sakamoto et al. present a fundamental
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