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Biology Chemistry III: Computers in Education High School
Abstracts 1-68 Relate to the Sunday Program Biology 1. 100 Years of Genetics William Sofer, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ Almost exactly 100 years ago, Thomas Hunt Morgan and his coworkers at Columbia University began studying a small fly, Drosophila melanogaster, in an effort to learn something about the laws of heredity. After a while, they found a single white-eyed male among many thousands of normal red-eyed males and females. The analysis of the offspring that resulted from crossing this mutant male with red-eyed females led the way to the discovery of what determines whether an individual becomes a male or a female, and the relationship of chromosomes and genes. 2. Streptomycin - Antibiotics from the Ground Up Douglas Eveleigh, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ Antibiotics are part of everyday living. We benefit from their use through prevention of infection of cuts and scratches, control of diseases such as typhoid, cholera and potentially of bioterrorist's pathogens, besides allowing the marvels of complex surgeries. Antibiotics are a wondrous medical weapon. But where do they come from? The unlikely answer is soil. Soil is home to a teeming population of insects and roots, plus billions of microbes - billions. But life is not harmonious in soil. Some microbes have evolved strategies to dominate their territory; one strategem is the production of antibiotics. In the 1940s, Selman Waksman, with his research team at Rutgers University, began the first ever search for such antibiotic producing micro-organisms amidst the thousands of soil microbes. The first antibiotics they discovered killed microbes but were toxic to humans. -
Organic Synthesis Using Bimetallic Catalysis
Brigham Young University BYU ScholarsArchive Theses and Dissertations 2020-04-23 Organic Synthesis using Bimetallic Catalysis Chloe Christine Ence Brigham Young University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd Part of the Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons BYU ScholarsArchive Citation Ence, Chloe Christine, "Organic Synthesis using Bimetallic Catalysis" (2020). Theses and Dissertations. 8397. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8397 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Organic Synthesis Using Bimetallic Catalysis Chloe Ence A dissertation submitted to the faculty of Brigham Young University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy David J. Michaelis, Chair Steven L. Castle Merritt B. Andrus Joshua L. Price Joshua L. Andersen Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Brigham Young University Copyright © 2020 Chloe Ence All Rights Reserved ABSTRACT Organic Synthesis Using Bimetallic Catalysis Chloe Ence Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, BYU Doctor of Philosophy Bimetallic Catalysis is an emerging field of study that uses two metals to cooperatively perform organic transformations. These metals can serve to activate or bind substrates in order to increase the rate and selectivity of reactions. This work first describes the synthesis and utilization of six new chiral, titanium-containing phosphinoamide ligands. These Lewis acidic ligands withdraw electron density from an active palladium center to induce chirality and increase the rate of allylic amination of hindered, secondary N-alkyl amines. -
Nitrogen-Based Ligands : Synthesis, Coordination Chemistry and Transition Metal Catalysis
Nitrogen-based ligands : synthesis, coordination chemistry and transition metal catalysis Citation for published version (APA): Caipa Campos, M. A. (2005). Nitrogen-based ligands : synthesis, coordination chemistry and transition metal catalysis. Technische Universiteit Eindhoven. https://doi.org/10.6100/IR594547 DOI: 10.6100/IR594547 Document status and date: Published: 01/01/2005 Document Version: Publisher’s PDF, also known as Version of Record (includes final page, issue and volume numbers) Please check the document version of this publication: • A submitted manuscript is the version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers. Link to publication General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal. -
Syntheses, Crystal Structures and Magnetic Properties of Two Cyano-Bridged Two-Dimensional Assemblies [Fe(Salpn)]2 [Fe(CN)5NO] and [Fe(Salpn)]2[Ni(CN)4]
Transition Metal Chemistry 29: 100–106, 2004. 100 Ó 2004 Kluwer Academic Publishers. Printed in the Netherlands. Syntheses, crystal structures and magnetic properties of two cyano-bridged two-dimensional assemblies [Fe(salpn)]2 [Fe(CN)5NO] and [Fe(salpn)]2[Ni(CN)4] Xiao-Ping Shen and Zheng Xu* Coordination Chemistry Institute, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China Ai-Hua Yuan Department of Material and Environmental Engineering, East China Shipbuilding Institute, Zhenjiang 212003, PR China Zi-Xiang Huang State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China Received 13 May 2003; accepted 07 July 2003 Abstract III II III II Two cyano-bridged assemblies, [Fe (salpn)]2[Fe (CN)5NO] (1) and [Fe (salpn)]2[Ni (CN)4] (2) [salpn ¼ N, N¢- 1,2-propylenebis(salicylideneiminato)dianion], have been prepared and structurally and magnetically characterized. 2) 2) + In each complex, [Fe(CN)5NO] or [Ni(CN)4] coordinates with four [Fe(salpn)] cations using four co-planar ) + 2) 2) CN ligands, whereas each [Fe(salpn)] links two [Fe(CN)5NO] or [Ni(CN)4] ions in the trans form, which II III results in a two-dimensional (2D) network consisting of pillow-like octanuclear [AM ACNAFe ANCA]4 units 2) (M ¼ Fe or Ni). In complex (1), the NO group of [Fe(CN)5NO] remains monodentate and the bond angle of FeIIANAO is 180.0°. The variable temperature magnetic susceptibilities, measured in the 5–300 K range, show weak intralayer antiferromagnetic interactions in both complexes with the intramolecular iron(III)ÁÁÁiron(III) exchange integrals of )0.017 cm)1 for (1) and –0.020 cm-1 for (2), respectively. -
Assembly of Multifunctional Materials Using Molecular Cluster Building Blocks
Assembly of Multifunctional Materials Using Molecular Cluster Building Blocks Bonnie Choi Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Columbia University 2018 © 2018 Bonnie Choi All rights reserved Abstract Assembly of Multifunctional Materials Using Molecular Cluster Building Blocks Bonnie Choi This thesis explores the synthesis, properties, and potential applications of molecular clusters and the hierarchical solids that form when complementary clusters are combined. Chapter 1 introduces the diverse set of molecular clusters that I employ as nanoscale building blocks in the assembly of multifunctional materials. The core structure of the molecular clusters is closely related to the superconducting Chevrel phases. In discrete clusters, however, the core is passivated by organic ligands, which add stability and important functionalities. The molecular clusters have rich physical and chemical properties of their own, and I present some of the techniques used to investigate their intrinsic electronic properties. Finally, I review some of the modes by which the molecular clusters interact with another to assemble into hierarchical solids. The structural tunability and complexity embedded in the molecular clusters will enable the design of modular, well-defined, multifunctional materials with desirable electronic and magnetic properties. Chapter 2 details the synthesis and characterization of a family of manganese telluride molecular clusters. By varying the ligands that decorate the surface of the inorganic core, I show that the core structures can be tuned. The study of molecular clusters provides insight into how extended solids form. As such, I make structural comparisons of the clusters to known solid-state compounds. -
Directed Assembly of Metal-Cyanide Cluster Magnets LIANNE M
Acc. Chem. Res. 2005, 38, 325-334 Directed Assembly of Metal-Cyanide Cluster Magnets LIANNE M. C. BELTRAN AND JEFFREY R. LONG* Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 Received July 13, 2004 ABSTRACT The simple, well-understood coordination chemistry of the cyanide ligand is of significant utility in the design of new single-molecule magnets. Its preference for bridging two transition metals in a linear M′-CN-M geometry permits the use of multidentate blocking ligands in directing the assembly of specific molecular architec- tures. This approach has been employed in the synthesis of numerous high-nuclearity constructs, including simple cubic M4M′4(CN)12 and face-centered cubic M8M′6(CN)24 coordination clusters, as well as some unexpected cluster geometries featuring as many as 27 metal centers. The ability to substitute a range of FIGURE 1. Disc-shaped cluster [Mn12O12(O2CCH3)16(H2O)4]. different transition metal ions into these structures enables adjust- ment of their magnetic properties, facilitating creation of high- spin ground states with axial magnetic anisotropy. To date, at least four different cyano-bridged single-molecule magnets have been characterized, exhibiting spin-reversal barriers as high as 25 cm-1. Ultimately, it is envisioned that this strategy might lead to molecules possessing much larger barriers with the potential for storing information at more practical temperatures. Introduction More than a decade ago, it was discovered that [Mn12O12(O2- 1 CCH3)16(H2O)4] exhibits magnetic bistability. As depicted in Figure 1, this molecular cluster has a disc-shaped core IV consisting of a central Mn 4O4 cubane unit surrounded by a ring of eight oxo- and acetato-linked MnIII centers. -
1 Ligand Rearrangement and Hemilability in Rhodium(I) And
Ligand Rearrangement and Hemilability in Rhodium(I) and Iridium(I) Complexes Bearing Terphenyl Phosphines Juan José Moreno, María Fernández-Espada, Eric Krüger, Joaquín López-Serrano, Jesús Campos,* Ernesto Carmona. Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA). Universidad de Sevilla and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC). Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla (Spain). Abstract We describe the synthesis of a series of cationic rhodium(I) and iridium(I) compounds stabilized by sterically demanding phosphines that contain a terphenyl substituent, PMe2Ar’ (Ar’ = 2,6-diarylphenyl radical). Salt metathesis of metal precursors [MCl(COD)(PMe2Ar)] (M = Rh, Ir; COD = cyclooctadiene) with NaBArF (BArF = B(3,5-C6H3(CF3)2)4) results in a series of cationic complexes in which the loss of the chloride ligand is compensated by the appearance of weak π-interactions with one of the flanking aryl rings of the terphenyl substituent. The same experiments carried out with carbonyl compounds [MCl(CO)2(PMe2Ar)] led to the corresponding cationic carbonyl complexes, whose CO-induced rearrangement reactivity has been investigated, both experimentally and computationally. The differences in reactivity between rhodium and iridium complexes, and as a result of varying the sterics of terphenyl phosphines are discussed. Introduction Phosphines are among the most widely used ancillary ligands in coordination and organometallic chemistry, largely due to the possibility of finely modulating their steric and electronic properties in a predictive manner.1 The range of physicochemical properties of transition metal complexes that can be tuned by the judicious choice of a phosphine ligand is exceptional. -
Synthesis, Separation, Structural and DFT Studies of [Re6- Xmoxse8(CN)6]N
CO-TUTELLE THESE DE DOCTORAT DE L'UNIVERSITE DE RENNES 1 OMUE NIVERSITE RETAGNE OIRE C U B L ECOLE DOCTORALE N° 596 Matière Molécules et Matériaux Spécialité : Chimie Inorganique NIKOLAEV INSTITUTE OF INORGANIC CHEMISTRY (NIIC) Novosibirsk, Russia Par Viktoria Muravieva Briques moléculaires à clusters hétérométalliques chalcogénées {Re 6-xMoxSe8} x = 1-3 : cristallochimie, structures electroniques et propriétés redox Thèse présentée et soutenue à Novosibirsk, le 27 novembre 2019 Unité de recherche : Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes – UMR CNRS 6226 Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Novosibirsk Rapporteurs avant soutenance : Composition du Jury : Emmanuel CADOT Emmanuel CADOT Professeur, Université de Versailles Professeur, Université de Versailles / rapporteur Sylvie FERLAY Vladimir FEDIN Professeur, Université de Strasbourg Professeur, NIIC de Novosibirsk / examinateur Stéphane CORDIER Directeur de recherches CNRS, Université de Rennes 1 / Directeur de thèse Nikolay NAUMOV Professeur, NIIC de Novosibirsk/ Co-directeur de thèse Maxim SOKOLOV Professeur, Novosibirsk State University / examinateur Galina ROMANENKO Researcher, International Tomography Center, Novosibirsk / examinatrice Membres invités: Pierric LEMOINE Chargé de Recherches CNRS, Université de Rennes 1 1 Carmelo PRESTIPINO Chargé de Recherche CNRS, Université de Rennes 1 1 Contents Résumé détaillé de la thèse ................................................................................................ 5 The list of Acronyms ....................................................................................................... -
Expanded Prussian Blue Analogues Incorporating [Re6se8(CN)6] Clusters: Adjusting Porosity Via Charge Balance
8022 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 8022-8032 3-/4- Expanded Prussian Blue Analogues Incorporating [Re6Se8(CN)6] Clusters: Adjusting Porosity via Charge Balance Miriam V. Bennett, Laurance G. Beauvais, Matthew P. Shores, and Jeffrey R. Long* Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, UniVersity of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460 ReceiVed April 25, 2001 3-/4- 3-/4- Abstract: Face-capped octahedral [Re6Se8(CN)6] clusters are used in place of octahedral [M(CN)6] complexes for the synthesis of microporous Prussian blue type solids with adjustable porosity. The reaction 3+ 4- between [Fe(H2O)6] and [Re6Se8(CN)6] in aqueous solution yields, upon heating, Fe4[Re6Se8(CN)6]3‚ 36H2O(4). A single-crystal X-ray analysis confirms the structure of 4 to be a direct expansion of Prussian 4- 3+ blue (Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3‚14H2O), with [Re6Se8(CN)6] clusters connected through octahedral Fe ions in a cubic three-dimensional framework. As in Prussian blue, one out of every four hexacyanide units is missing from the structure, creating sizable, water-filled cavities within the neutral framework. Oxidation of (Bu4N)4- [Re6Se8(CN)6](1) with iodine in methanol produces (Bu4N)3[Re6Se8(CN)6](2), which is then metathesized to 2+ 2+ give the water-soluble salt Na3[Re6Se8(CN)6](3). Reaction of [Co(H2O)6] or [Ni(H2O)6] with 3 in aqueous solution affords Co3[Re6Se8(CN)6]2‚25H2O(5)orNi3[Re6Se8(CN)6]2‚33H2O(6). Powder X-ray diffraction data show these compounds to adopt structures based on the same cubic framework present in 4, but with one out of every three cluster hexacyanide units missing as a consequence of charge balance. -
Investigations Into Dianionic Scopionate Ligands and Their Metal Complexes
Investigations into dianionic scopionate ligands and their metal complexes by Elizabeth Nicole Cooper B.S., Fort Hays State University, 2017 A THESIS submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree MASTER OF SCIENCE Department of Chemistry College of Arts and Sciences KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY Manhattan, Kansas 2021 Approved by: Major Professor Peter E. Sues Copyright © Elizabeth Cooper 2021. Abstract Ligand design helps to define reactivity in coordination complexes and organometallic chemistry. Ligand characteristics greatly influence the reactivity of transition metal complexes and simple changes in the steric or electronic properties of a ligand can drastically affect the activity and selectivity of a catalyst. Scorpionate ligands are an easily tunable and display flexible binding modes in that they can act as bidentate or tridentate donors. In literature scorpionate ligands with charged donors are underrepresented and this is an area with great potential to explore and discover new organometallic complexes with novel reactivity. Inspired by scorpionate ligands and phenolate ligands throughout the literature, a set of eight neutral ligands were synthesized and utilized in the generation of metal complexes. These novel ligands were diphenolate ligands with a nitrogen or oxygen containing tail. The steric hinderance of these structures was varied using the ortho substituents on the phenol groups. The various tails also allowed the binding strength of the ligands to be varied. Studies on the activity of the complexes bearing these scorpionate ligands were performed. The effect of the steric size of the ligands as well as binding strength of the tail were investigated. Table of Contents List of Figures ............................................................................................................................... -
COMMUNICATION a Multi-Redox Responsive Cyanometalate-Based
COMMUNICATION A Multi-redox Responsive Cyanometalate-based Metallogel Kiyotaka Mitsumoto,[a] Jamie M. Cameron,[a] Rong-Jia Wei,[a] Hiroyuki Nishikawa,[b] Takuya Shiga,[a] Masayuki Nihei,[a] Graham N. Newton,*[a][c] Hiroki Oshio*[a] Abstract: A tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) based tridentate ligand (-(4’- gelators possessing inherent multi-redox behaviour may methyl-4,5-di-n-dodecylthylthiotetrathiafulvalene-5’-ylthio)-’-[tris- therefore contribute to the development of unique functional gels, 2,2,2-(1-pyrazolyl)ethoxy]-p-xylene) (L) with long-chain alkyl such as those with multi-step isothermal sol-gel-transformations moieties was prepared in order to obtain a new multi-redox active induced by the changes in the electronic state of the multi- gelator based on a mixed-metal octanuclear complex nuclear core. We have previously reported that cyanide-bridged III II [Fe 4Ni 4(CN)12(tp)4(L)4](BF4)4 (1). The magnetism, electrochemistry octanuclear complexes with TTF moieties exhibited multi-step and gelation behaviour of 1 were studied and 1,2-dichlorobenzene redox processes involving eight- or twelve-electron transfers.[4] solutions of 1 are shown to display thermoreversible gelation Thus, they are expected to behave as discrete, electronically behaviour at room temperature. Furthermore, the gel phase of 1 is active gelating units, paving the way towards new multi-redox shown to undergo room-temperature gel-to-sol transformations LMWGs.[5] induced by both the oxidation and reduction of the gelator complex Here, the synthesis, gelation properties and electrochemical by F TCNQ or [FeII(Cp*) ], respectively. 4 2 studies of both the tridentate thioalkyl TTF-based ligands ((-(4’- methyl-4,5-di-n-dodecylthylthiotetrathiafulvalene-5’-ylthio)-’- Low-molecular-weight gelators (LMWGs) are known to show [tris-2,2,2-(1-pyrazolyl)ethoxy]-p-xylene)) (L) (Fig. -
Metal-Containing Proteins, Macrocycles, and Coordination Complexes in Therapeutic Applications and Disease
Metal-Based Drugs Metal-Containing Proteins, Macrocycles, and Coordination Complexes in Therapeutic Applications and Disease Guest Editors: Jannie C. Swarts, Michael J. Cook, and Edward N. Baker Metal-Containing Proteins, Macrocycles, and Coordination Complexes in Therapeutic Applications and Disease Metal-Based Drugs Metal-Containing Proteins, Macrocycles, and Coordination Complexes in Therapeutic Applications and Disease Guest Editors: Jannie C. Swarts, Michael J. Cook, and Edward N. Baker Copyright © 2008 Hindawi Publishing Corporation. All rights reserved. This is a special issue published in volume 2008 of “Metal-Based Drugs.” All articles are open access articles distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Editor-in-Chief Gianni Sava, University of Trieste, Italy Associate Editors A. S. Abu-Surrah, Jordan Claire Corot, France Rafael Moreno-Sanchez,´ Mexico Silvio Aime, Italy Clemens Decristoforo, Austria Giovanni Natile, Italy Roger Alberto, Switzerland Paul J. Dyson, Switzerland Domenico Osella, Italy Enzo Alessio, Italy Melpomeni Fani, Greece Dieter Rehder, Germany Carolyn J. Anderson, USA Simon P. Fricker, Canada Roberto A. Sanchez-Delgado,´ USA AlbertaBergamo,Italy Dan Gibson, Israel Jan H.M. Schellens, The Netherlands Andrea Bonetti, Italy Zijian Guo, China Edward I. Solomon, USA Viktor Brabec, Czech Republic Bernhard Keppler, Austria Enzo Terreno, Italy David Brautigan, USA Irena Kostova, Bulgaria Iztok Turel, Slovenia Carolyn L. Cannon, USA S. Liu, USA Gail R. Willsky, USA C. M. Che, Hong Kong Eric L. Meggers, USA Wiley J. Youngs, USA Mauro Coluccia, Italy Enrico Mini, Italy Contents Metal-Containing Proteins, Macrocycles, and Coordination Complexes in Therapeutic Applications and Disease, Jannie C.