AN ENVIRONMENTAL MOVEMENT FOR TOMORROW
What are JNFGoNeutral education programs?
JNFGoNeutral education programs are new programs to engage, educate and energize students in middle school, high school and college towards the environment. Students will learn about environmental issues and work together on tikkun olam projects both locally and in Israel.
How do they work?
JNFGoNeutral education programs include JNFGREENCORPS for middle school students; JNFGREENTEAM for high school students; and jnfprojectgreen for college students. For middle and high school students, these programs can be implemented as either a component of a youth group, or as an independent school, summer camp or a synagogue club. is designed to be led by an educator; can be led by either an educator or a committed student. Leaders will be emailed a Leader's Guide. For college students, jnfprojectgreen works with partners on campus including Hillel, Chabad, and other campus organizations to involve students in different environmental activities both locally and in Israel.
Students who join JNFGoNeutral education programs will receive an age-appropriate bi-monthly e-newsletter concentrating on environmental issues and written by experts in the field. Each issue will focus on a different environmental theme, examined from several vantage points: political, scientific, historic and spiritual, and will include suggestions for social action the groups may implement locally and projects they can support in Israel. Students will share photos and stories of their group’s activities on-line in JNFGoNeutral education programs community pages.
For more information, contact Nina Woldin, [email protected], 212-879-9305 x268 or visit www.jnf.org/goneutral
Printed on recycled paper.
JNF Israel Advocacy and Education Department, 42 East 69th Street, New York, NY 10021• www.jnf.org/iae
JNFGoNeutral GREENTIMES From Jewish National Fund • Editor: Nina Woldin AN ENVIRONMENTAL MOVEMENT FOR TOMORROW READ WATCH LISTEN ACT SHARE *Tapped Out: Senator Simon’s Water for the Poor Act by Congresswoman Janice Schakowsky *Read! Click here to watch: “Bear Necessities” winner treehugger.com video contest
*The Blessing of the Sea: Love and Fear by Rabbi Lawrence Troster, Director, Fellowship Program, GreenFaith: Interfaith Partners for the Earth Listen! Click here to listen: Water Song 5th place 2007 Eurovision
* The Challenge of Turning Red Water into Green by Dr. Ben-Zion Bar-Lavie, Director of Education & Youth Division at KKL-JNF Click here to watch: “Israeli Stuff Broadcast”
*Act Together: World Water Monitoring Day by Keren Ra’anan, student reporter Watch! Click here to watch: Testing Water
*Itai Freeman Builds an Oasis interview with the project manager of the Be’er Sheva River Project Act! - Monitor local water. *Rethinking Water Usage in a Land Filled with - Teach Milk and Honey but Little Water water by Noam Dolgin, Executive Director, conservation to Green Zionist Alliance the community. - Hold a conservation-friendly Visit www.jnf.org/goneutral carwash to support the Be er Sheva River Project. Share! Post photos of your group’s work at ’ JNF on-line Go Neutral Community Pages.
www.jnf.org
Tapped Out: Senator Simon’s Water for the Poor Act by Congresswoman Janice Schakowsky The late Senator Paul Simon was one of costs avoided would be the strongest proponents for U.S. leadership in $7.3 billion per year addressing the global water crisis. He consid- and the annual global ered his book on this topic, Tapped Out, one of value of adult working the most important works of his life. Senator days gained would rise Simon stated: “In our world increasing numbers to almost $750 million. of people cannot assume they will be nourished More importantly, and sustained, and within a few years, a water meeting the target crisis of catastrophic proportions will explode on would avert an us--unless aroused citizens in this and other estimated 470,000 nations demand of their leadership actions deaths. reflecting vision, understanding, and courage.” What is encour- Regrettably, Senator Simon’s concerns aging is that while the were well founded. According to the National situation remains Resource Defense Council (NRDC), last year, critical, progress has been made. During the one billion people lacked access to 1990s, through efforts made by the U.N. and water and 2.6 billion people, or two in five World Health Organization, one billion people people in the world, didn’t have gained access to safe drinking water. As these organizations continue to work on this issue, it access to basic sanitary is important that the United States cooperate conditions, such as a simple pit latrine. The with these organizations to facilitate a well- organized program to address water safety. lack of safe drinking water is troubling because it creates serious global health risks. For example, Congress took an important step in that last year, water shortages were a contributing direction in 2005, when it passed the Senator factor in the deaths of five million people. Simon Water for the Poor Act. The Act, of which I am proud to be a cosponsor, makes Not surprisingly, this crisis disproportion- access to safe water and sanitation in develop- ately affects poor people. While the United ing countries a major objective of U.S. foreign States has ample access to safe drinking water, assistance by recognizing the direct link in developing countries, 80 percent of illnesses between poverty and the availability of clean are water-related. As a result, diseases that are drinking water and sanitation. Unfortunately, easily treated in the United States can have cata- while the Water for the Poor Act presents a strophic consequences in much of the developing tremendous opportunity to make serious world. For example, due to shortages in improvements in global health, the United safe drinking water, there are 3.3 States has yet to fund the program. I plan to work closely with my colleagues in the new million deaths every year from Democratic Congress to make sure that this diarrhea and other similar program has the funding it needs to be successful. infections. To put this number into context, While we are fortunate to live in the consider that more children died from diarrhea United States, a nation with an abundance of between 1990 and 2000, than all of the people killed in armed conflict since the end of the safe drinking water, it is important for Second World War. our own security that we not lose sight of those who struggle Fortunately, while the threats posed by this crisis are severe, solutions to the problem everyday to stay alive and well. are straight-forward and attainable. On a global I am grateful to my friend, the late Senator level, the United Nations (UN) has enacted an Simon, for his wake-up call about this impending, ambitious plan that they hope will reduce by destabilizing crisis. It is our responsibility to half, the number of people in the world who lack pick up the torch and see that his dream of safe drinking water by 2015. According to the access to safe drinking becomes a reality for UN Millennium Task Force on Water and every person in the world. Sanitation, if this goal is met, the health-related Click here to watch “Bear Necessities,” a video about global warming
Congresswoman Schakowsky was elected to represent Illinois’ www.jnf.org 9th Congressional District on November 3, 1998, after serving for eight years in the Illinois State Assembly. She is in her fifth term.
The Blessing of the Sea:Love and Fear
Rabbi Lawrence Troster,Director, Fellowship Program, GreenFaith: Interfaith Partners for the Earth Click here to hear Water: Bulgarian song that won 5th place in 2007 Eurovision
If you have ever gone down to the same twofold way we react to creation seashore, you may have according to the interpretation of Maimonides, and why we should say a experienced similar feelings to blessing when we drink water or see the what I experience every time I sea. Water is the lifeblood of Creation see the ocean waves. when properly channeled; when not, it is First I feel a sense of the incredible uncontrolled chaos. beauty of the sea in its colors, sound, smell and movement. This feeling is a This dual character of water is found kind of love for Creation. Next I have deep within our traditional Jewish texts. an overwhelming sense of the power Psalm 104, one of the most beautiful of the sea, its magnitude, and my poems about creation ever written, own smallness before it. This feeling speaks about how God creates and is a kind of fear. The first feeling evokes sustains the world every day. In the first joy, the second is disquieting. It is then that I say a part of the psalm (verses 6 through 13), the poet speaks blessing: Praised are You, Lord our God, of the Creation of the earth in relation to water and how who rules the universe, theYou chaotic made water the deepis pushed cover back it as and a garment;put to positive the use: who fashioned the great sea. waters stood above the mountains. Now it is well known that in the Jewish liturgy that there They fled at Your blast, rushed away at the sound of are blessings for many aspects of life, but most people Your thunder, have not heard about this blessing. It first appears in the --mountains rising, valleys sinking-to the place You Mishnah. (c. 200 CE) the first rabbinic law code, among a established for them. number of blessings that are used when we experience You set bounds they must not pass so that they natural phenomena; for example thunder, rainbows, or never again cover the earth. trees Inin bloom.the Talmud it is said that you only need to You make springs gush forth in torrents; they make recite this blessing (and the others like it) their way between the hills, once every thirty days. Why this interval? giving drink to all the wild beasts; the wild asses According to later commentators, a blessing must be slake their thirst. made only on the strong feelings that the sea The birds of the sky dwell beside them and sing inspires within each of us. If you live by the sea, among the foliage. you might not feel this way every day; but after thirty days You water the mountains from Your lofts; the earth is it might appear new to you, as if you were seeing it for the first time. The blessing is there to give us a sacred sated from the fruit of Your work. pause, a way to open our eyes to the greatness of It is critical for us to not to take the water of Creation for God’s Creation and not to take it for granted. granted - neither in its creative nor destructive character- istics. It is part of how we engender in ourselves a Jewish This blessing also helps to invoke the feelings environmental spirituality - a way of looking at our I first mentioned: love and fear. relationship to the natural world from a Jewish perspective. In the Torah there are two commandments to love This environmental spirituality should lead us to understand and fear God (Deuteronomy 6:5 and 6:13). This is how our place in the Order of Creation and act responsibly towards the earth, not waste the precious gifts of God like Rabbi Moses Maimonides, (1135-1204) interpreted them: When a person observes God's works and God's great water. We must learn that we are not conquerors of and marvelous creatures, and sees from them God's wisdom Creation, we are members of the same community that that is without estimate or end, immediately s/he will makes up all life and the landscape itself. love God, praise God and long with a great desire to know God's Great Name...And when a person thinks Six years ago, I was on a wilderness kayaking trip in about these things s/he draws back and is afraid and south east Alaska. I was with nine other Jewish environ- realizes that s/he is small, lowly and obscure, endowed mentalists and two guides. We were six days out “on the paddle” where we had no contact with any other human with slight and slender intelligence, standing in the beings. There was only the ocean, the sky, the forests presence of God who is perfect in knowledge. and the animal life. We saw whales, eagles, bears, and (Mishneh Torah, Sepher Madah, Hilchot Yesodei Ha-Torah 2:1-2) sea lions. The salmon were running so they were jumping The ocean has a way of evoking these two disparate out of the water 24 hours a day. Much of the trip was feelings because water is life and water is also spent in meditation and silence. One day when we were death. Water is something that we cannot live without out on the ocean, to our right we could see the mountains and yet we only realize this when there is drought, when of a great island. To our left was nothing but the open the pipes stop flowing, when we are thirsty and there is ocean. The waves were two to three feet high. The sun no water to be found. Where there is water, there are was shining on the water in a way that cannot be trees, grass, flowers, fruit and crops. But if there is too captured in words or pictures. I felt terrified and elated at much water, in a flood, a hurricane, a rainstorm, then it the same time: can bring death: trees washed away, cities drowned, Praised are You, Lord our God, who rules the universe, ships sunk, lives lost. This twofold nature of water is the who fashioned the great sea.
Rabbi Lawrence Troster is the Jewish Chaplain of Bard College in Annandale-on-Hudson. He is also an Associate of its Institute of Advanced Theology and is the Rabbinic Scholar-in- www.jnf.org Residence for GreenFaith, an interfaith environmental coalition in New Jersey as well.
The Challenge of Turning Redby WaterDr. Ben-Zion toBar-Lavie, Green Director of Education & Youth Division at KKL-JNF Looking for traces of water on Mars is not just a scientific The best laboratory to investigate the case-studies of the curiosity of NASA scientists; it is a preconditioned survival early history of red-green water, and present-day issues is instinct of mankind on planet earth. Water can be a vital the Land of Israel and the water projects of JNF-KKL in source of life, or a tragic cause of death. Ever since early Israel. JNF-KKL is a leading pioneer in applying the civilizations noticed that water makes the difference concept of sustainable development ecology in several between survival and demise, water has been on our agenda. mega-projects in Israel: 1. River rehabilitation projects involve cleaning up river-beds History teaches us that scarcity of this resource is the by removing polluted-toxic mud from the river-beds, major source of the worst wars. On the other hand, it was diverting sewage waste from the rivers into recycling also the major component of human organization of early plants, and building 190 huge water reservoirs. civilizations around the concept of sharing and creating Navy SEALs that trained in the Kishon River got cancer laws of water usage in order to sustain life. from diving in the polluted river, and soft shell turtles almost disappeared from the Alexander River because of When water sustains life and encourages social justice, I the pollution coming mainly from the Palestinian towns define it as Green Water. Water which contributes to strife of Nablus and Tul Karem (e.g. red water). Now both the and is unable to sustain life I define as Red Water. Navy SEALs and the soft-shell turtles can swim and dive without fear because JNF-KKL has acted responsibly Today, we face the same challenges mankind has faced for using sustainable development methods (e.g. green water). thousands of years, but on a different scale and proportion. 2. Savanization projects — stopping the advance of the deserts in Israel in the semi-arid zones — are efficient In early history, a tribe would go to war over the control of green tools in combating desertification and lowering a single well in the desert (e.g.-red water). In Genesis 26, global temperature. These JNF-KKL projects involve v. 28 there is a beautiful story of Yitzhak and Avimelech collecting run-off floods and water harvesting in semi-arid making an “oath” and a “covenant” stating that they regions, and using it to water trees and vegetation. would not fight each other over water. Early Egypt devel- Many countries are using these methods to sustain the oped civil laws of sharing and allocating water of the Nile lives of millions of people in Africa, India, China, and to all the farmers along the river banks (e.g.-green water, South America, lands that are suffering from desertification. notice that Moses turned the Nile water into red to punish 3. The Hula swamps in Northern Israel were drained 50 the Egyptians). years ago in order to create agricultural land. This, we learned later was an ecological mistake causing many Today, we have to solve water disputes, and share water in environmental problems, damaging the fresh water of the a global-regional perspective. In 1994 Israel and Jordan area and the Sea of Galilee. Nutrients and agricultural signed a peace treaty, and the opening statement says: fertilizers started washing into the fresh water systems “Water- with the aim of attaining a comprehensive and and the entire water system of the region (man-made durable agreement of all water problems between them…” and natural) was polluted and in great danger. Many (E.g. green water) species of birds, animals and vegetation disappeared, and As part of their 1994 peace agreement, Israel supplies 50 the whole area started deteriorating both economically million cubic meters of water to Jordan each year. Turning and naturally (red water). JNF-KKL has stared re-flooding red water into green is not only a matter of solving disputes the Hula swamps, and within a few years most of the and sharing water fairly. It is also an environmental extinct species of birds, animals, and vegetation challenge to keep fresh water sources clean of industrial returned. The whole area began sustaining itself (green and agricultural pollution, clean of domestic sewage, as water). well as building and maintaining water recycling systems, reservoirs, and run off water- harvesting systems. By supporting JNF-KKL water projects Dr. Bar-Lavie has a Bsc and Msc in earth science from Hebrew University, Jerusalem, and a PhD from Cornell University in environmental education. He is in Israel, (visit www.jnf.org) you can the founder and served as principal of two unique high schools in Israel: The Environmental Education High School at Sede-Boker in the Negev, and the Art and Science Academy for highly talented students in Jerusalem. Dr. Bar-Lavie help turn red water into green. was General Director of the Jerusalem District in the Ministry of Education for the State of Israel. He worked as Educational Shaliach of KKL to JNF in the United States. He plays tennis and loves fishing. Click here to watch “Israeli Stuff Broadcast” www.jnf.org
Act Together: World Water Monitoring Day by Keren Ra’anan, student reporter
My friends and I are always looking for concrete Keren Ra’anan is a recent graduate of Newark Academy in Livingston, NJ. She grew up in ways of showing that we care about the condition Warren, NJ with her parents and younger sister. of the environment, and World Water Monitoring Keren is currently taking a gap year before Day provides the perfect opportunity. The day itself attending The Lauder School of Government, falls on October 18, which commemorates the Diplomacy and Strategy at the Raphael Recanati International School in Herzliya, Israel. anniversary of the 1978 U.S. Clean Water Act; Click here to learn more about IDC Herzliya however, starting as early as September 18, water monitoring kits are available for free. JNF has Geomorphic Assessment or by assessing the insects, partnered with the U.S. aquatic worms, and larvae living in the water. The Forest Service to supply Rapid Geomorphic Assessment will note negative these kits through easy effects caused by erosion or Internet order forms. Visit sediment buildup. Analyzing www.jnf.org/waterkits to which tiny animals can be found order one. The kit in the water will help develop a includes materials for 50 sense of just how contaminated students to monitor the the waters may be, because specific contents of water from a animals are sensitive to pollution. local source, such as that stream you might World Water Monitoring Day falls have running through close to Shemini Atzeret, the the woods in your Jewish holiday traditionally linked backyard, and instruc- with water. On Shemini Atzeret we tions for inputting the appreciate the water that all living data into a website things need to survive, and prayers that records water for rain are said. Therefore, it seems quality across the very fitting that World Water globe. The results Monitoring Day is observed at this can be posted until time. December. On its website, the Water In 2006, students from thirty-nine countries partici- Environment Federation gives pated and 3,900 different bodies of water were students a list of additional or alternative actions. tested. This statistic is a perfect example of globalism These suggestions include - via the Internet, students from across the world • Cleaning up trash are sharing information while performing the same • Taking a walk through a watershed tasks regardless of where they live. The process is • Using action groups like school clubs or scout also unifying on a local scale. These kits encourage troops to spread awareness. students to get outside, explore the places they inhabit, and learn something about their environment. There is even a link to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Instructions in the kit explain to students and teachers (http://www.epa.gov/owow/monitoring/volunteer/), how to test for pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, which offers students the opportunity to become and turbidity. The pH level assesses the acidity of trained citizen volunteers for monitoring local bodies the water; temperature and not enough dissolved of water. oxygen can affect living plants and animals in the water; and turbidity is the clarity of the water. Other The official website for World Water Monitoring Day cool ways to test the water are through a Rapid is http://www.worldwatermonitoringday.org
Click here to watch Testing Water
www.jnf.org
Itai Freeman Builds an Oasis in the Desert Interview with the Project Manager of the Be'er Sheva River Itai Freeman, an Israeli urban environmental planner, NahalProject Be'er Sheva (Be'er Sheva River) runs through the middle of lives in a suburb of Tel Aviv, in the Negev. The the park. The riverbed holds much history, though usually not climate of the area where he makes his home much water. Today the river is only a muddy trickle, except for a ranges from semi-arid (similar to southern few days during the winter when flash floods run down its banks. California) to arid (like Phoenix). The effects of Running from Hevron to the Mediterranean Sea, geo-political global warming are felt more keenly in the environmental issues flow along this path as well. The Be'er Sheva Negev, which constitutes 65% of the State of River Project will use only recycled water which will flow from a Israel. Freeman tells JNF Green Times that he can see “the new treatment plant into beautiful fountains, and even a lake. desert crawling in. It affects all agriculture, even the lawns in the back yards.” An ancient city, Be'er Sheva has diminished in importance over the years, but the Project will contribute greatly to its renewal. It was Freeman first became interested in nature and the environment conquered by the Turks close to 500 years ago. The British took when he was in sixth grade and a member of Hyugai Serayut, a the city from the Turks about 90 years ago, holding it until finally group similar to the scouts supported by JNF-KKL. In high school the State of Israel was established in 1948. It is interesting that he worked for the Society for the Protection of Nature in Israel, soldiers from Australia and New Zealand (known as ANZACs) and after serving in the army, Freeman studied environmental played a pivotal role in Be'er Sheva's history, freeing the city from issues at Hebrew University in Jerusalem. He earned a masters the Ottoman Empire in late October, 1917. There will be a ceremo- degree, and began working as the head of environmental planning ny to celebrate the 90th anniversary of the historic Charge of the for the municipality of Ra'anana. Today Mr. Freeman is the Light Horse Brigade, believed to be the last great cavalry charge project director for the JNF-KKL Be'er Sheva River Project. in history, in October 2007. Reenactment with uniforms and horses JNF Green Times spoke to Mr. Freeman about the project. will be held in the Be'er Sheva River Park.
JNF Green Times: What do our readers need to know about JNF Green Times: How will the Be'er Sheva River Project affect the city of Be'er Sheva? the future of the region?
Freeman: Be'er Sheva, known as the Capitol of the Negev, is Freeman: The Negev is the new frontier; it is the future of Israel. home to 185,000 residents. The city has great historical signifi- The Be’er Sheva River Project will improve the quality of life for cance. It has been continuously settled for over 6000 years. The everyone in the Negev — from families to the 30,000 college city market has been in the same spot for 6000 years! The first students who attend Ben Gurion University of the Negev and city built on a grid system, Be'er Sheva grew because it had several other universities. Presently there is nowhere to go in the aquifers, sources of water about 30 feet under the ground, area for recreation. New families will be attracted to the region by where wells could be dug. a 1200-acre park with lawns, playgrounds, a sports center for roller-blading and basketball, an amphitheater and a lake. A new JNF Green Times: Will visitors to the Be’er Sheva River Park be railroad makes it convenient for residents to reach Tel Aviv. able to experience this history? JNF Green Times: When will the construction of the Be'er Sheva Freeman: Visitors will be able to see thirty-nine wells in the River Park be complete? Be'er Sheva River Park, including Abraham's well. There will also be a tel (archeological site) at the tip of the park. Freeman: With JNF's help, 50 acres have already been built. During next year, Israel's 60th anniversary, we hope to accomplish more. It is an ongoing project that must be seen. I invite JNF Green Times readers to come visit!
Click here for more information about the Be’er Sheva River Project.
www.jnf.org
most of Europe, are built to conserve water and Rethinking Water Usage energy with every load. These one time purchases combined with water conservation education in in a Land Flowing with the schools and media continue to go a long way Milk and Honey, in reducing personal water consumption. but Little Water Reuse by Noam Dolgin, Executive Director One of the most promising developments for Green Zionist Alliance Israel's water future is the use of grey water for agriculture and home. Grey water is water that Ushavtem mayim b'sason. Draw water in joy. A is previously used but is still suitable for reuse in classic song danced to at every celebration by certain functions. For example, homes in a grey millions of Jews worldwide. When Jews sing water system would reuse shower water in the and dance about water, we are praying that Israel toilet or to irrigate home gardens. Agriculturally, will have enough for the coming year. Currently communities such as kibbutzim and moshavim demand for water is high, and Israel's fresh could use their combined grey water to irrigate water resources are quickly drying up. certain crops (Israeli health code requires that all crops irrigated with grey water are grown off But Israeli society today is working hard to solve the ground. Therefore yes to dates, no to melons). the region's water shortages before they become This system allows communities living in areas a crisis. Developments are being made daily to with little water, such as the desert South, to conserve water in agriculture, industry and effectively double the amount of available water. home. There are initiatives to reduce water This ancient technique of reusing water, combined consumption, reuse semi-dirty 'grey' water, and with modern waste water treatment and agricul- rethink techniques to produce or collect water. tural technologies combine to create a powerful They fuse cutting-edge technology with ancient model that if used broadly could go a long way agricultural practices. in reducing water consumption.
Reduce Rethink Israel's most famous water saving innovation is While a portion of society is busy finding ways to drip irrigation. Now in practice in most of the reduce water consumption, other researchers arid world, Israel's Netafim brand irrigation are finding ways to create new fresh water. The systems specialize in computer controlled drip most popular current initiative is in desalination, systems that nearly eliminate evaporation. By removing salt and other products from sea releasing small amounts of water through holes water to make it suitable for agricultural and in piping and by regulating the times of day you domestic use. Purification of sea water has water, nearly all water is absorbed by the soil. been practiced on a small scale in Eilat since 1965, however the first large scale desalination In some communities, older systems of water plant opened in Ashkelon in 2005, and now pro- collection and storage are being used to solve duces about 5% of Israel's total water. While the problems of today, including a move back to desalination is a step forward for water in Israel, terracing (the ancient technique of leveling land it does have its detractors. The process is to hold water) and planting native trees and extremely energy intensive, with most of the crops which require less water. Great examples energy produced using non-renewable fossil fuel of these ancient techniques include gardens sources (primarily natural gas and coal). So while such as Sataf near Jerusalem where ancient desalination may be solving one environmental aqueducts and cisterns are in use once again to challenge, this solution could be contributing to water communal garden plots; Kibbutz Ketura other problems such as climate change and air in the Arava desert, where UN sponsored pollution. research is being conducted to find low water and high salt tolerant crops (such as the Sereus As a Rabbi recently told me, we live our lives cactus fruit) using traditional indigenous plants walking backwards, meaning we make choices for commercial growth in desert regions; and in for the future based on what we know from the the work of JNF - KKL using traditional terracing past. Over the millennium on this small piece of and pool creation techniques to restore forests land, lack of water has caused many civilizations in the North and protect the desert in the South. to collapse. Fortunately, many others have flourished through efficient use and distribution In Israeli homes, many techniques are employed of water and effective desert agricultural to reduce water consumption, though many techniques. Using these experiences as a more could be implemented. Every toilet in warning, and knowledge as a guide, Israel can Israel is ‘dual flush’ meaning that you have a develop its water policies as a thriving modern choice as to how much water to use when you society based on three thousand years of history, flush the toilet, unlike in the United States where on our ancient homeland. I look forward to the vast majority of toilets use a full gallon of seeing what they come up with next. water with every flush. Home appliances such Noam Dolgin has worked with a number of Jewish environmental as dishwashers and washing machines, as in organizations including the Northwest Jewish Environmental Project; Adam Va-Adamah; and the Teva Learning Center. He also works to www.jnf.org protect Israel's environment through the Green Zionist Alliance.