International Journal Andrej Rahten, University of Maribor, of Euro-Mediterranean Studies Slovenia Franco Rizzi, Mediterranean Universities issn 1855- 3362 Union editors Anthony Spiteri, University of Malta, 2 [ ] Ana Hofman, Scientific Research Centre Malta of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences Ivan Šprajc, Scientific Research Centre and Arts, Slovenia of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences Klemen Klun, University Center and Arts, Slovenia for Euro-Mediterranean Studies, Greg Woolf, University of St Andrews, Slovenia United Kingdom editorial board managing editor Nadia Al-Bagdadi, Central European Alen Ježovnik, University of Primorska, University, Hungary Slovenia Pamela Ballinger, Bowdoin College, usa published by Klemen Bergant, University of Nova Center emuni,UniversityCenterfor Gorica, Slovenia Euro-Mediterranean Studies, Slovenia Rémi Brague, Panthéon-Sorbonne University, France Scientific Research Center of the Slovenian Donna Buchanan, University of Illinois Academy of Sciences and Arts at Urbana-Champaign, usa University of Nova Gorica, Slovenia Julia Elyachar Mastnak, Scientific editorial office Research Centre of the Slovenian emuni Academy of Sciences and Arts, Slovenia Press 20 Carlos Fraenkel, McGill University, Soncnaˇ pot si 6320 Canada - Portorož, Slovenia Rune Gulev, University of Primorska, Phone +386(0)5 671 36 00 Slovenia Fax +386(0)5 671 36 05 Hassan Hanafi, Cairo University, Egypt www.ijems.emuni.si Joaquina Labajo Valdés, Autonomous [email protected] University of Madrid, Spain Binshan Lin, Louisiana State University Copy-Editor usa in Shreveport, Alan McConnell-Duff David Ohana, Ben-Gurion University English to French Translations of the Negev, Israel Dejana Ðurdevi¯ c´ Stefania Panebianco, University of Catania, Italy English to Slovene Translations Rajesh K. Pillania, Management Marjeta Babic´ Development Institute, India Design and Typesetting Carmen Popescu, Paris-Sorbonne Alen Ježovnik University, France Georges Prevelakis, Panthéon-Sorbonne Print run: 3000 University, France Printed in Slovenia ijems International Journal of Euro-Mediterranean Studies Table of Contents 139 Preface Ana Hofman 141 Between Mediterranean Centrality and European Periphery: Migration and Heritage in Southern Italy Maurizio Albahari 163 Celebrating the Imagined Village: Ways of Organizing and Commenting Local Soundscapes and Social Patterns in South Albanian Feasts Eckehard Pistrick and Gerda Dalipaj 193 Renaissance Architecture in Lviv: An Example of Mediterranean Cultural Import Olha Kozubska 215 Undecided Past – National Identities and Politics of Diversity: The Mount Eytan Commemoration Site Udi Lebel and Zeev Drory 239 Higher Education Internationalization and Quality Assurance in North–South Cooperation Touhami Abdouli 259 Résumés 262 Povzetki volume 1 | 2008 | number 2 ijems Preface the second issue of the ijems brings into focus arts and heritage as the key issues in the processes of cultural dynamics and negotiations in the Mediterranean, and it reflects on their role as the central concepts in the imagination and representation of the Mediterranean in both official and popular discourses. The narratives of a ‘shared intangible Mediterranean heritage’ as the most important European ‘culture capital’ (Bourdieu 1984)areusedintheofficial eu rhetoric of integration and Europeanization processes, particularly in promoting multicultural citizenship and European transnational, cos- mopolitan identity. These discourses are often uncritically employed by local and national elites in Mediterranean societies, further lead- ing to specific auto-stereotyping and politics of reduction and cultural inferiority. Such internalization of Eurocentric discourses is a result of center-periphery dynamics, which bring new challenges to Mediter- ranean societies and to the Euro-Mediterranean idea in general. The present issue aims to speak about these contradictory discourses of the Mediterranean as ‘the cradle’ of European culture, which at the same time construct the image of Mediterranean cultures as traditional, ar- chaic, and exotic. Together they (re)produce complex narratives, repre- sentations and imaginations of Mediterranean art and heritage, which the issue aims to theorize. With transnational mobility, flow of capital, labor, and media, the cultural productions in the Mediterranean can be seen as transnational and global. In a generally volatile economic and political climate, the issues of cultural property, arts and heritage are becoming the main arena for negotiation of identities and imaginary boundaries between cultures. This issue addresses the role that expressive culture and ‘ma- terial’ cultural representations, such as memorial sites and architecture, play in performing ‘Mediterraneannes.’ The first article thus addresses the intersections between migration and heritage in southern Italy. Be- yond offering an anthropological analysis of these processes, Albahari also provides a critical consideration of the Southern Question narra- tive. Pistrick and Dalipaj’s case study is located in the South Albanian regions of Labëria and Toskëria, marked by the coexistence of Mus- volume 1 | number 2 Ana Hofman lim and Orthodox Christian communities. It reflects the religious and regional diversity as expressed in the collective village feasts that are connected to religious rituals such as Bajram, the commemoration of Bektashi Saints or Orthodox Easter, Christmas and the church patrons’ [140] feasts. Kozbuska’s article examines the period of the late Renaissance in Ukrainian towns, when the process of reception and adaptation of the Italian architectural model as the Mediterranean heritage, was un- derstood as the influence of the ‘real’ Europe on the European ‘periph- eries.’ The article of Lebel and Drory presents official Israeli discourses on memory, commemoration, and setting collective boundaries. It ex- plores how memory representations in monuments and commemora- tions are often used as an interface between collective remembrance and historical representations, and focuses on struggles over ‘the valid’ interpretations of the past. The last contribution concentrates on dy- namics between local-global and north-south using the example of internationalization of Higher Education from a Mediterranean per- spective. All contributions are attempting to give multifaceted views on eu cultural politics referring to the Mediterranean and the ongo- ing global processes within (trans)national heritage policies. Ana Hofman Editor references Bourdieu, P. 1984. Distinction: A social critique of the judgment of taste. Trans. R. Nice. Cambrige, ma: Harvard University Press. ijems Between Mediterranean Centrality and European Periphery: Migration and Heritage in Southern Italy maurizio albahari University of Notre Dame, usa this ethnographically informed article identifies and analyzes contemporary intersections between migration and heritage in southern Italy. Such appreciation of emerging trends seems particularly significant to an agenda that, by challenging simplistic European/Mediterranean dichotomies, may also foster immigrants’ inclusion. The southern Italian case is particularly relevant in light of the region’s role as an external maritime frontier of the eu and in light of the Southern Question narrative, with its history of massive emigration and disparagement in relation to the rest of Italy and Europe. Alongside this framework, the article identifies and evaluates also a more recent geo-historical and moral framework that on the one hand straightforwardly locates the Italian south ‘in the West,’ and on the other plays with southern Italy’s rediscovery of itself ‘in the center of the Mediterranean.’ These multiple narratives inform discussions on what counts as southern Italy’s intangible heritage. More crucially, they shape emerging engagements of that heritage in projects of migrant reception and broader political-cultural critique. Residents of a Bologna suburb, in central-northern Italy, characterize immigrati [immigrants] as ‘too lazy to work and so lacking in willpower that they spawn hordes of children;’ as welfare-dependent, illiterate, parochial and violent ‘bad people’ (Kertzer 1980, 173–4). The immi- grants, which the Bolognese surveyed by Kertzer in the late 1970swere referring to, are not foreigners, but southern Italians. Two decades later, soon after September 11, 2001, Lino Patruno, the editorial di- rector of La Gazzetta del Mezzogiorno, one of the most respected regional newspapers in southern Italy, protests from his column against those persons, especially Muslims and their ‘collaborationists,’ that ‘it is like they want to accuse us for being the way we are. It is like we should ask volume 1 | number 2 Maurizio Albahari forgiveness for being Westerners’ and for ‘our wealth achieved through daily hard work’¹ (La Gazzetta del Mezzogiorno, October 14, 2001). This newly paradigmatic op-ed takes for granted, in quite a simplistic way, that ‘we,’ southern Italians,² are now wealthy and hardworking ‘West- [142] erners.’ The reader, in the director’s opinion, should also appreciate that southern Italians are engaged in the global struggle vis-à-vis non- eu and mostly Muslim migration, if not Islam itself. In the first section of the article, I provide an overview of time- honored disparaging understandings of southern Italy in relation to the rest of Italy and Europe. My account is certainly not intended as an occasion to reinvigorate old clichés and simplistic historical narratives of European/Mediterranean dichotomy. On the