Abd Al-Malik, Warda, 225, 234 Al-Awba 234–6 Abduh, Muhammad, 69 Abdulaziz
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Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-76104-8 - A Most Masculine State: Gender, Politics, and Religion in Saudi Arabia Madawi Al-Rasheed Index More information Index Abd al-Malik, Warda, 225, 234 Alim, Raja, 175n. al-Awba 234–6 alimas, 81, 83, 250 Abduh, Muhammad, 69 alimat al-haramayn, 80 Abdulaziz [ibn Fahd], 145 Altorki, Soraya, 15, 86 Abdullah, King, 64, 148, 161 academic work on Saudi women, education of women and, 141, 33–4 149–50 Amira (wife of al-Walid bin Talal), emancipation of women and, 20–1, 140 28–9, 150, 202, 288–9, 293 and driving ban, 140n., 169 female protestors and, 289–90 Amnesty International, 35 marriage, 96 amr bil maruf wa al-nahy an reform and, 21, 141, 153, 154, 293 al-munkar, 49. See also novelists and, 203 commanding right and forbidding Abdullah ibn Hussein, 12 wrong Abdullah ibn Juluwi, 61 Anderson, Benedict, 7 Abha, 248, 290 anti-colonial movements, 3–4, 6 Abou El-Fadl, Khaled, 45–6 absent in Saudi Arabia, 8–9, 17, 44, Abu Khalid, Fawziyya, 83, 175n. 65, 66, 68 Abu-Lughod, Lila 16, 195 in India, 6, 7, 9 academic work on Saudi women, 33–5 ulama and, 9 Adilla [al-/bint Abdullah], 96, 140, women’s emancipation and, 3, 4 143, 150, 163, 259 Arab Spring, 284–7 al-Ahmad, Yusif, 161 communication technology and, 36, Ajlan ibn Muhammad, 61 286 Ajlan’s wife participation of women in, 285, 286 role in foundation myth of the Saudi state response to, 21, 285, Saudi state, 61–2 286, 287, 293 Ajman (tribe), 63 Saudi Shia and, 286–7 Ali, Sharif, 10, 11 Saudi women and, 35, 36, 286–7, al-Ali, Muhammad, 236 292 315 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-76104-8 - A Most Masculine State: Gender, Politics, and Religion in Saudi Arabia Madawi Al-Rasheed Index More information 316 Index Arab Women Students’ Centre, al-Bishr, Shaykh Mutrif, 145n. 143 Blunt, Lady Ann, 53 Aramco, 86–7, 102, 160–1 body, female Arebi, Sadeka beauty salons, 113, 119–20 academic work on Saudi women, control of, 113, 223 34, 175, 175n., 177, 178 exercise, 119 Asir, 56, 65, 69 fatwas on, 112, 116–20, 283 Assiri (tribe), 255 hair, 117–18, 283 al-Assiri, Dr Risha, 246 in literature, 41, 195, 220, 225, Ataturk,¨ Mustafa Kemal, 4 236, 237–9, 241 authoritarian states purity and pollution, 118, 120, 251 literature and, 176 as source of fitna, 116 modernisation of, 153 veiling of, 24–5, 116, 283 women and, 3–4, 6, 21–2, 28, 137, as weak, 114, 116 152, 219, 278–9, 281, 282, Western lifestyle and, 117–18 292–5 Booth, Marilyn, 215–16 Awad, Muhammad, 79–80, 82 Bourdieu, Pierre, 2 Khawatir musarraha, 79 boyat, 138n., 239, 246 Awamiyya, 286 al-Budayr, Nadine, 145, 146, 154 al-Awdah, Salman, 158 bu Humaid, Sarah, 94, 95 Bundagji, Fatin, 142 Baathism, 10 Burayda, 53, 81, 87, 159, 248, 255 badu, 13 opposition to girls’ education and, Bahrain 92–3, 94 Arab Spring, 285–6 businesswomen, 22–3, 35, 113, 138, gender reform in, 134n. 138n., 142–4. See also economy, Bakharji, Nadiya, 275 women and; educated women; al-Barrak, Shaykh Abd al-Rahman, professional women 161 businesses catering for women and, Basrawi, Fadia, 85, 86–7 113, 118 al-Bassam, Ibtisam, 249 post-9/11, 26, 138, 142, 144 al-batana, 278, 290 professional associations, 142–3 al-Baz, Rania, 139, 139n. publicity about, 26, 138 Bedouin. See also tribalism restrictions on, 143 culture, 8 honour codes, 52–3, 54, 57 capitalism in literature, 189, 196 modernity and, 282–3 sedentarisation of, 52, 67 state and, 5, 223–4, 264 traditions, 52 women and, 4–5, 213, 214, 216 women, 52, 53, 54–6. charities Bell, Gertrude, 53, 54 elite women and, 6, 91, 140 Bennabi, Malik, 272, 274 employing women, 167, 249 bin Ali, Zeine al-Abdin, 285 Islamist women and, 256, 264, 271 al-Bishr, Badriyya, 178, 192–203, state and, 167, 177 208, 209, 222, 223, 270 state control of, 152, 293, 294 as columnist, 192 terrorism and, 154 Hind wa al-askar, 194–201, 220 Charrad, Mounira, 5 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-76104-8 - A Most Masculine State: Gender, Politics, and Religion in Saudi Arabia Madawi Al-Rasheed Index More information Index 317 Chatterjee, Partha, 7 communication technology, 2, 36. See civil society also email; Facebook; internet; absent in Saudi Arabia, 28, 36, 176, Skype; Twitter; YouTube 202, 290 and the Arab Spring, 35, 286 curtailed by legal system, 202, 294 blogs, 11, 36 emancipation of women and, 3 education and, 24 lack of women’s pressure groups, 2, electronic campaigns, 2–3, 35, 38, 28, 32, 36, 38, 40, 176, 208, 293 288 literature as substitute for, 32, 36, Islamist women and, 247, 261 40, 176, 202 Jihadis and, 217–18, 219 clothing, 116–17, 119. See also boyat; in literature, 213, 227, 231–2 modesty; veiling novelists and, 213, 219, 237 boutiques, 113, 119 protests and, 287, 290 cross motif, 117 vulnerability of women and, as cultural indicator, 116–17 261–2 gender appropriate, 116, 246 Wahhabism and, 214 Islamist women and, 246 companions of the Prophet, 111 spending on, 23, 262 sahabiyat, 17, 265 commanding right and forbidding Consultative Council wrong, 46–7, 48, 49–51, 52, appointment of women to, 20, 21, 58–60, 75, 245, 276. See also 150, 288–9, 292 hisba criticism of religious dogma, 156 bureaucratisation of, 59–60 control of women Ibn Abd al-Wahhab and, 47–8, 50, by male family members, 15, 105, 58 171 Islamist women and, 245–6, 251 by the state, 57, 73–4, 75, 132, 133, as a mechanism for consolidating 171 Saudi rule, 50–1, 58–9 by the ulama, 39, 52–3, 107, 110, patriarchy and, 57 132, 133 rulers and, 58 Wahhabism and, 49, 52, 56, 57, 58, the subordination of women and, 90 46–7 Convention on the Elimination of All in Wahhabism, 46–8, 49–51, 52 Forms of Discrimination against Committee for Civil and Political Women (CEDAW), 275–6 Rights, 287 Cook, Michael, 50, 58–9, 60 Committee for the Promotion of cosmopolitanism Commanding Right and of elite women, 136 Forbidding Wrong, 59–60, 75, Hijazi, 10, 14 164, 245. See also haiya Islamic, 203, 269 criticised by the media, 157, 276 Islamist women and, 268–9 exclusion of women from the public in Jeddah, 160 sphere, 60 liberal women and, 136 in literature, 213, 232 in literature, 179, 227–8 opposition to girls’ education, 92 in Medina, 203–4 opposition to reform, 165 in Saudi society, 179, 187, 189, raids on private homes, 132 274 raids on public spaces, 132, 223 state and, 173–4, 274 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-76104-8 - A Most Masculine State: Gender, Politics, and Religion in Saudi Arabia Madawi Al-Rasheed Index More information 318 Index cosmopolitan women. See also liberal electronic campaigns against, 35, women 291 celebrity novelists as, 41, 212–43 Islamist women and, 256, 258, 271 in literature, 186–92, 213–14, media and, 157 227–36 punishment for defiance of, 289 in the media, 40 state officials and, 31 the state and, 40, 173–4 teachers and, 157, 168 as symbols of modernity, 40, 41, Wahhabism and, 15 134–5, 153–4, 173 al-Duwaish, Faisal, 55 al-Dabbagh, Muhammad Tahir, Eastern Province 10–11 the Arab Spring and, 285 daiyat, 251, 255, 278 driving ban and, 291 as matchmakers, 258 employment of women in, 161, 291 Salafi, 257–63 girls’ education in, 86 al-Dakhil, Turki, 229 Shia in, 71, 124 al-Dalil, 252, 271 economy, women and. See also Dammam, 248, 255, 288 businesswomen; employment of Dar al-Hanan, 88 women; professional women dawa, 48, 246, 253 economic participation, 1, 27, 30, Death of a Princess (documentary), 87–8, 113, 135, 136, 143–4, 147, 99 160, 178, 216, 240–1, 280, 288 Delong-Bas, Natana, 44–5 education and, 102, 116, 148 Deriyya, 47, 48–9, 50 marginalisation of women, 1, 23, Dhahran, 96 37, 102–3, 244, 282, 292 Dhaydan ibn Hithlayn, 63 restrictions on economic divorce, 128–9 participation, 30, 143, 173, 176 initiated by women, 129; khal, 129 tribal, 53, 55, 57–8 in literature, 189, 199, 228, 229, women as traders, 87, 166, 167 231 educated women. See also pornography and, 262 businesswomen; novelists, female; rulings criticised, 157 professional women ulama and, 128 Islamist, 251–2, 253 Dickson, Violet, 64 liberal, 136, 141 Doumato, Eleanor post-9/11, 134, 135–47 academic work on Saudi women, religious reform and, 141 34, 35, 46 the state and, 134, 137, 139, 141–2, driving ban, 1, 100, 129–30, 168–70, 146, 152–3, 172 291–2 education of girls and women, 1, 2, arguments against, 168–9 38–9, 77–107, 121, 175–6, arguments for, 169 244–5, 248–51. See also Dar caricatured, 169 al-Hanan; al-Hazaziyya; Kuliyat conservative women and, 30 al-Banat; al-Sawlatiyya; counter-campaign supporting, 291 al-Tarbiyya al-Islamiyya as cultural rather than religious, abroad, 84, 86, 87, 97, 109, 124, 158–9 151 defiance of, 129–30, 145, 291–2 adult education classes, 84 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-76104-8 - A Most Masculine State: Gender, Politics, and Religion in Saudi Arabia Madawi Al-Rasheed Index More information Index 319 alimat al-haramayn, 80 universities, 149, 176, 245–6, Aramco schools, 86 249–50 colleges of education, 102, 248–9 al-Eid, Dr Sulayman, 245 conferring religious authority, 110, elections 114–15 to chambers of commerce, 152 communication technology and, 24 electronic campaigns for debates about, 78, 94 participation, 35, 208, 288 delaying marriage, 106 exclusion of women from, 144, distance learning, 24 287–8 economic participation and, 102, mobilisation of women, 287 116, 148, 244 municipal, 21, 144, 287–8 feminism and, 281 participation of women in, 21, 150, foreign supervisors and teachers, 288, 292 24, 85, 89, 93–4, 95, 250, 290 elite women girls’ school fire, 147–8, 259n.