World History Final Exam Review Guide

Name: ______Date: ______Hour: ____

THIS IS A MANDATORY STUDY GUIDE WORTH 15 POINTS, DUE THE DAY OF YOUR EXAM. IT MUST BE HANDWRITTEN. My exam is on ______, June ______at ______AM. Much like the midterm, the exam consists of reading text, maps, and charts that will be interpreted. The exam also includes facts, concepts, and patterns that pertain to the civilizations and events we studied. All exams are challenging; you will have to study for this exam to do well. Please start to prepare early. Twenty minutes a day will go a long way toward your performance on the exam.

Imperialism 1. List three reasons the Europeans sought to colonize Africa. (pg 774-76) a.

2. What is Social Darwinism and how did it justify imperialism?(pg 775)

3. What is a sphere of influence and how did it impact European countries? (pg 807)

4. How did spheres of influence impact China? (pg 808)

5. What was the main cause of the Opium War? (pg 806)

6. How were the Sepoy Mutiny and the Boxer Rebellion similar? (pg 793)

7. Define cash crop and explain its impact on lands colonized by Europeans. (pg 776)

8. What was Japan’s official policy toward foreigners in the early 1800s? (pg 547, 810)

9. What benefits did India offer to Great Britain during Imperialism? (pg 791)

10. Which European leader was known for exploiting and killing natives during African imperialism? (pg 774)

11. What was established at the Berlin Conference? (pg 776)

12. Explain the meaning of “White Man’s Burden” during the time of imperialism. (Review notes or google it)

World War I 13. Define and give one specific example of each of the (4) M.A.I.N. reasons World War I started: (pg 841-42) Militarism:

Alliances:

Imperialism:

Nationalism:

14. Explain trench warfare—strategy, conditions, and location. (pg 847)

15. List the European nations included in the Central Powers and the Allied Powers at the outset of the war in 1914 (p. 839,846). a. Central Powers (previously the Triple Alliance) in 1914:

b. Allied Powers (previously the Triple Entente) in 1914:

16. Why did the Austro-Hungarian Empire annex Bosnia and Herzegovina? (p. 843).

17. How did slavic countries, such as Serbia, and other Balkan countries, feel about the annexation? (p. 843).

18. What was the Schlieffen plan and specifically, what were the two objectives/goals of this German battle plan in 1914 (p. 846-847)? a.

19. Why were the Balkans called the “powder keg of Europe”? (p. 843-844)

20. Why was nationalism such a powerful force in the Balkans? (p. 843-844)

21. Explain the philosophy of total war for countries that fought in World War I (p. 853-854).

22. Explain the policy of unrestricted submarine warfare.(p. 852-853)

23. Explain the Zimmermann note. (p. 852-853)

24. How were the policies of questions 21 and 22 viewed by the American public? (p. 852-853)

25. Explain the following specific conditions of the Treaty of Versailles in 1919 (p. 858-861). a. League of Nations -

b. Article 231 (war guilt clause)-

c. Specific territorial losses -

In-Between Wars 26. Name and briefly describe at least two goals of each Russian Revolution in 1917. (869-871) st a. 1 R ev:

nd b. 2 R ev:

27. Describe the economic and social factors that contributed to Russian citizens anger with their government? (869-871) a. Economic:

b. Social:

28. Define fascism. (910)

29. Give two reasons fascism became popular in Italy and Germany. (910-912) a.

30. List an economic, social, and political condition of Germany post-WWI. (905-906) E:

30. Give two characteristics that apply to Hitler’s leadership of Germany (912-914) a.

31. List two examples of civil disobedience Gandhi participated in. (899) a.

32. Briefly explain two new forms of post-WWI painting (899) a.

b. 33. Give two foreign policies of Japan post-WWI. (915-916) a.

World War II 34. What was the D-Day invasion? Why was it significant? (pp. 943-944)

35. Germany’s geographic location posed a problem during both World Wars. What was that problem? (map pp. 923)

36. What were the pros and cons of the use of the Atomic Bomb on Japan? (pp. 946-947) Pros:

Cons:

37. Hitler referred to a “Final Solution”. To what was he referring? (pp. 938-939)

38. What were the characteristics of Hitler’s “Blitzkrieg”? (p. 925)

39. What did President Roosevelt tell the American people on Dec. 8, 1941? (p. 931)

40. What does isolationism mean? How can it be dangerous? (p. 930)

41. What is “island-hopping”? What were the results? (p. 935)

42. What similar mistakes did both Napoleon AND Hitler make? (p. 929)

43. What was the significance of the Nuremberg Trials? (p. 950)

44. Aside from the effects of the explosion...how else was the A-Bomb able to kill for years to come? (p. 947)

The Cold War 45. Define the following: a. Communism (pg 737)

b. The Truman Doctrine (pg 968)

c. Containment (pg 967)

d. Domino Theory/Effect (pg 978)

e. Self-determination (pg 858)

f. Iron-Curtain (pg 967)

g. Détente (pg 990)

h. Cold War (pg 969)

i. Satellite state (google this)

j. Marshall Plan (pg 968)

k. Mutually Assured Destruction (Google)

46. What was the Berlin Blockade and how did the U.S./Britain/France get around it? (pg 968-967)

47. What was the reason the Soviets built the Berlin Wall? (pg 969)

48. What was the effect of the launching of Sputnik on the United States? (pgs 970-971)

49. Describe the events of the Cuban Missile Crisis, from beginning to end. (pg 985)

50. What was the main difference between NATO and the Warsaw Pact? (pg 969)

51. Define Mikhail Gorbachev’s policies of: (pgs 1046-1047) a. glasnost:

b. perestroika: c. 52. Describe the SALT Treaties signed between the U.S. and Soviet Union. (pg 991)

53. Explain the involvement of the Chinese in the Korean War. (pg 977)

India 54. Why was India divided into Pakistan and India? (pg 998-999)

55. How were the three specific religious groups (Hindu, Muslim, Sikhs) affected geographically and socially by the division? (pg 998-999)

56. Define apartheid. How did it strengthen whites hold on power? (pg 1043-44) a.

57. For what reasons did Britain move towards ridding themselves of their “jewel of the crown,” British-held India? (997-998)

China 58. What was the Cultural Revolution? (975)

59. Who was the leader of Communist China and list three of his goals. (972-974) ______a.

60. Describe what happened at Tiananmen Square in 1989? (1061)

Africa 61. For what societal achievement is Nelson Mandela best known? Be sure to describe it. (pg 1043-44)

62. Explain the conditions that led to genocides in east Africa in the 1990s and 2000s and also explain their outcomes. (p. 1016) a. Rwanda:

b. Darfur (at the Sudan): 63. What have been the political results of the end of the Colonization period? (pp. 1015-1016)

64. How did the end of colonization affect the newly formed independent Republic of Congo? (1015-1016)

Middle East 65. List two arguments for a Palestinian State. (pg 1017) a.

66. List two arguments against a Palestinian State. (pgs 1017-1018; pg 1020) a.

67. How were buffer zones used in the Middle East? (pg 1019)