TRANSACTIONS RESEARCH ARTICLE TAES 140: 67-81 AMERICAN ISSO 0002-8320 ENTOMOLOGICAL http://taes.entomology-aes.org/ SOCIETY
Annotated list of the species-group taxa described in combination with Chermes Linnaeus 1758 (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha) Colin Favret1, David Ouvrard2, and Douglas J. Williams2
1 University of Montreal, Department of Biological Sciences, Biodiversity Centre, 4101 rue Sherbrooke est, Montreal QC, H1X 2B2, Canada (email: [email protected]); 2 The Natural History Museum, Department of Life Sciences, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, United Kingdom (emails: Ouvrard, [email protected]; Williams, [email protected])
ABSTRACT
The genus-group name Chermes Linnaeus 1758 has been suppressed, but an accounting of the various nominal species described in combination with it has not been presented until now. Nominal species of Chermes are found in 13 families of three major lineages of Sternorrhyncha (Aphidomorpha, Coccoidea, Psylloidea). Eleven available names remain unplaceable (incertae sedis nomina dubia) and to date do not appear in the various Sternorrhyncha catalogues. In order to clarify their status, we here present an annotated list of the 137 nominal species-group names originally described in combination with Chermes. We provide the original bibliographic citation and an assessment of the current status of each name.
The genus name Chermes Linnaeus 1758 (rostrum on the breast), “Antennae thorace was suppressed under the Plenary Powers of longiores” (antennae longer than thorax), “Alae IV the International Commission on Zoological deflexae” (four deflexed wings), “Thorax gibbus” Nomenclature (Evans and China 1965) following (humped thorax), and “Pedes saltatorii” (jumping a petition by Victor Eastop (1963). Prior to that, legs). The last of these characters leaves little the Chermes name had had an unfortunate history, doubt about the taxonomic affinity of Chermes to having been used actively for three discrete groups psyllids. The decision by Geoffroy (1762) to replace of Sternorrhyncha (Hemiptera), aphids, including Chermes with Psylla was motivated by the use in adelgids and phylloxerids (Aphidomorpha), psyllids French of the word “kermès” for some scale insects (Psylloidea), and scale insects (Coccoidea), and used for making dye. The use of Psylla was quickly having had three different species selected as type. adopted and largely accepted, with the exceptions of In addition, one unavailable name, C. aceris Scopoli (1763), Schrank (1789), Fabricius (1803), ovatus Geoffroy 1762, today refers to a whitefly Schmidberger (1836), Zetterstedt (1828, 1840) and species, Aleurochiton aceris (Modeer 1778) Thompson (1877). (Sternorrhycha: Aleyrodidae), and one available The description of the antennae and legs in name, C. graminis L. 1758, has been suggested as the original Chermes description excludes adelgids a psocid (Psocodea). Eastop (1963) describes the (Aphidomorpha: Adelgidae), but the largest number complex history of the genus. of species, including the most recently described, In the 10th Edition of Systema Naturae, were proposed for that family. All but three of the Linnaeus (1758:453) described the genus Chermes Chermes species-group names proposed for aphids with the following characters: “Rostrum pectorale” (C. ulmi L. 1758, C. fagi L. 1761 and C. castaneae
Publication date: 28 February 2014 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:3FE74C9D-A1D8-4EA1-9CBA-C7C94780BC71 68 CHERMES: ANNOTATED LIST
Haldeman 1850) are currently placed in the aphid Many of the nominal species described in family Adelgidae. Havill and Foottit (2007) combination with Chermes are themselves valid provided a list of valid adelgid species but did not or can be associated with valid taxa, and are so mention names they considered invalid. listed in the principal Sternorrhyncha catalogues Linnaeus (1758:455) defined the genus Coccus (Ben-Dov et al. 2013, Favret 2013, Ouvrard 2013). as follows: “Rostrum pectorale” (rostrum on the However, the scientific literature contains a number breast), “Abdomen postice setosum” (abdomen of Chermes names that have remained problematic, with posterior setae), and “Alae II erectae masculi, unclaimed by any taxonomic community. The Feminae apterae” (males with 2 erect wings, present list is intended to clarify the status of females apterous). This definition still holds for the nominal species described within the genus most species of scale insects now included in the Chermes, especially those that have not been treated superfamily Coccoidea. In contrast, two characters elsewhere. The list contains 47 names currently of Chermes, as defined by Linnaeus (1758:453), placed as aphids (three families of Aphidomorpha), wings deflexed numbering four and jumping legs, 30 as scale insects (five families of Coccoidea), do not apply to scale insects. There certainly and 29 as psyllids (five families of Psylloidea); are none at present with four wings. Because 19 names are unavailable and 12 available names Linnaeus’s description of Coccus was so precise, it remain unplaced (here listed as nomina dubia). is difficult to understand why many early authors Table 1 summarizes the numbers. listed or described scale insects in the genus Chermes for well over 100 years afterwards. Acknowledgments Linnaeus (1758) listed 14 species in his new genus Chermes. Nine of them are now considered as The authors thank Gary L. Miller and Andrew psyllids, two as aphids, and three remain uncertain Carmichael (Systematic Entomology Laboratory, with regard to their current taxonomic status. The US Department of Agriculture [USDA], Beltsville, first of Linnaeus’s (1758) species was C. graminis, MD), Andrey Stekolshchikov (Russian Academy a name of unknown taxonomic position. Linnaeus’s of Sciences, St. Petersburg), and Masakazu Sano original observations of C. graminis may have (Okinawa City Municipal Museum) for assistance been that of any of the Sternorrhyncha discussed with literature references. Charles Lienhard (Natural here, or perhaps even a psocid (Psocodea), Kolbia History Museum of Geneva) dispelled our notions quisquiliarum Bertkau 1882:129 according to that Chermes graminis L. or C. lapidarius F. might Laing (1951) or Trichopsoccus dalii (McLachlan be psocids. Gregory A. Evans (USDA, Animal and 1867:272) according to Pearman (as cited in Laing Plant Health Inspection Service, Beltsville, MD) 1951). Currently, no psocid name has been formally and Jon Martin (Natural History Museum, London) combined with Chermes (Lienhard and Smithers were very helpful in providing information on 2002, Lienhard pers. comm.). The most recently whiteflies. Daniel Burckhardt’s (Naturhistorisches described Chermes species was C. ishiharai Inouye Museum Basel, Switzerland) suggestions for 1936, today considered a subspecies of Adelges jumping plant lice were much appreciated. pectinatae (Cholodkovsky 1888). In all, 137 original species-group names have been proposed in combination with Chermes. Certain authors stand out for having established large numbers, namely Boisduval (16 scale insects), Cholodkovsky (12 aphids), and Linnaeus (12 psyllids). Geoffroy’s 1762 work was suppressed for the purposes of nomenclature by the ICZN, for failing to conform to binomial standards (Hemming 1954); this work thus contributes a large number of unavailable Chermes names. FAVRET, OUVRARD AND WILLIAMS 69
List of Chermes species affinis Zetterstedt 1828: 554 Objective status: available and valid abieticolens Thomas 1879: 156 Subjective status: valid as Aphalara affinis Objective status: available and valid (Psylloidea Aphalaridae) Subjective status: junior synonym of Pineus pinifoliae (Fitch 1858: 741) (Aphidomorpha alni Linnaeus 1758: 454 Adelgidae) Objective status: available and valid Subjective status: valid as Psylla alni (Psylloidea abietis Linnaeus 1758: 453 Psyllidae) Objective status: available and valid Remarks: Caldwell (1946) suggested Linnaeus’s Subjective status: valid as Adelges abietis 1758 description might be attributed to (Aphidomorpha Adelgidae) Prociphilus tessellatus (Fitch 1851: 68) (Aphidomorpha Aphididae), whereas his 1761: abietislaricis Eckstein 1890: 88 263 description would be Psylla alni. This Objective status: available and valid interpretation is criticized by Eastop (1963: Subjective status: junior synonym of Adelges abietis 142).” (Linnaeus 1758: 453) and Adelges laricis Vallot 1836: 72 (Aphidomorpha Adelgidae) aloes Boisduval 1867: 327 Remarks: Chermes abietis-laricis was considered Objective status: available and valid by some authors as a species composed of Subjective status: junior synonym of Aspidiotus two host-associated forms: Chermes abietis nerii Bouché 1833: 52 (Coccoidea Diaspididae) L. 1758 and Adelges laricis Vallot 1836, but it does not appear that Eckstein (1890) intended amygdali Fourcroy 1785: 228 to describe his species in synonymy with the Objective status: available and valid other two Subjective status: synonym of Sphaerolecanium prunastri (Boyer de Fonscolombe 1834: 211) abietispiceae Stebbing 1903: 57 (Coccoidea Coccidae) Objective status: available and valid Subjective status: valid as Adelges abietispiceae angraeci Boisduval 1867: 337 (Aphidomorpha Adelgidae) Objective status: unavailable, nomen nudum Remarks: not treated by Havill and Foottit 2007 annellata Thomson 1877: 836 aceris Linnaeus 1758: 454 Objective status: available and valid Objective status: available and valid Subjective status: junior synonym of Cacopsylla Subjective status: valid as Rhinocola aceris ambigua (Foerster 1848: 74) (Psylloidea (Psylloidea Aphalaridae) Psyllidae) aceris ovatus Geoffroy 1762: 509 anthurii Boisduval 1867: 328 Objective status: unavailable, suppressed Objective status: available and valid (Hemming 1954) Subjective status: junior synonym of Saissetia Remarks: this is the only reported whitefly species, coffeae (Walker 1852: 1079) (Coccoidea available today as Aleurochiton aceris (Modeer Coccidae) 1778:21) (Aleyrodoidea Aleyrodidae) arborum linearis Geoffroy 1762: 509 acutipennis Zetterstedt 1828: 554 Objective status: unavailable, suppressed Objective status: available and valid (Hemming 1954) Subjective status: valid as Bactericera acutipennis (Psylloidea Triozidae) 70 CHERMES: ANNOTATED LIST
arecae Boisduval 1868a: 282 Adelgidae) Objective status: available and valid Remarks: described as Chermes piceae var. bouvieri Subjective status: junior synonym of Fiorinia buxi Linnaeus 1758: 454 fioriniae (Targioni Tozzetti 1867: 14) Objective status: available and valid (Coccoidea Diaspididae) Subjective status: valid as Psylla buxi (Psylloidea Psyllidae) armiger Annand 1924a: 5 Objective status: available and valid calthae Linnaeus 1761: 263 Subjective status: junior synonym of Pineus Objective status: available and valid pinifoliae (Fitch 1858: 741) (Aphidomorpha Subjective status: valid as Aphalara calthae Adelgidae) (Psylloidea Aphalaridae)
arundinis Leach in Risso 1826: 218 carpini serico albo Geoffroy 1762: 508 Objective status: unavailable, nomen nudum Objective status: unavailable, suppressed (Hemming 1954) aspidistrae Signoret 1869: 844 Objective status: unavailable, nomen nudum castanea Goeze 1778: 329 Objective status: available, nomen dubium atratus Buckton 1883: 39 Subjective status: placement unknown Objective status: available and valid Subjective status: junior synonym of Adelges laricis castaneae Haldeman 1850: 108 Vallot 1836: 72 (Aphidomorpha Adelgidae) Objective status: available and valid Subjective status: valid as Phylloxera castaneae aurantii Boisduval 1867: 338 (Aphidomorpha Phylloxeridae) Objective status: available and valid Subjective status: junior synonym of Parlatoria cembrae Cholodkovsky 1888: 47 ziziphi (Lucas 1853: xxix) (Coccoidea Objective status: available and valid Diaspididae) Subjective status: valid as Pineus cembrae (Aphidomorpha Adelgidae) bambusae Boisduval 1869: 261 Objective status: available and valid cerastii Linnaeus 1758: 454 Subjective status: valid as Bambusapis bambusae Objective status: available and valid (Coccoidea Asterolecaniidae) Subjective status: valid as Trioza cerastii (Psylloidea Triozidae) bauhini Planchon 1864: 22 Objective status: available and valid clematidis Fourcroy 1785: 228 Subjective status: junior synonym of Kermes ilicis Objective status: unavailable, nomen nudum (Linnaeus 1758: 455) (Coccoidea Kermesidae) clematitis oblongus Geoffroy 1762: 506 betulae Linnaeus 1758: 454 Objective status: unavailable, suppressed Objective status: available and valid (Hemming 1954) Subjective status: valid as Psylla betulae (Psylloidea Psyllidae) coccineus Ratzeburg 1843: 202 Objective status: available and valid bouvieri Cholodkovsky 1902: 10 Subjective status: junior synonym of Adelges laricis Objective status: available and valid Vallot 1836: 72 (Aphidomorpha Adelgidae) Subjective status: junior synonym of Adelges piceae (Ratzeburg 1844: 204) (Aphidomorpha FAVRET, OUVRARD AND WILLIAMS 71 coloradensis Gillette 1907: 16 Subjective status: placement unknown Objective status: available and valid Remarks: original description is of immature and Subjective status: valid as Pineus coloradensis leaf damage, the adult was not observed; (Aphidomorpha Adelgidae) Löw (1876: 206) suggests it is an aphid (Aphidomorpha Aphididae) coniferarum Cholodkovsky 1889a: 222 Objective status: unavailable, described in crataegi Schrank 1801: 142 synonymy with Pineus pini (Goeze 1778: 328) Objective status: available and valid Remarks: proposed as a new name should several Subjective status: valid as Cacopsylla crataegi other nominal species eventually be proven (Psylloidea Psyllidae) synonyms; of those, Pineus pini (Goeze 1778: 328) has priority (Aphidomorpha Adelgidae) cycadicola Boisduval 1867: 345 Objective status: available and valid consolidatus Patch 1909: 137 Subjective status: junior synonym of Aspidiotus Objective status: available and valid nerii Bouché 1833: 52 (Coccoidea Diaspididae) Subjective status: junior synonym of Adelges laricis Vallot 1836: 72 (Aphidomorpha Adelgidae) cycadis Boisduval 1867: 323 Objective status: available and valid cooleyi Gillette 1907: 3 Subjective status: junior synonym of Saissetia oleae Objective status: available and valid (Olivier 1791: 95) (Coccoidea Coccidae) Subjective status: valid as Adelges cooleyi (Aphidomorpha Adelgidae) dionis Boisduval 1867: 327 Objective status: available and valid corticalis Kaltenbach 1843: 197 Subjective status: valid as Diaspis dionis Objective status: available and valid (Coccoidea Diaspididae) Subjective status: junior synonym of Pineus strobi (Hartig 1839: 643) (Aphidomorpha Adelgidae) elegantula Zetterstedt 1840: 310 Objective status: available and valid corticalis Kaltenbach 1860: 245 Subjective status: valid as Cacopsylla elegantula Objective status: available and valid (Psylloidea Psyllidae) Subjective status:probably junior synonym of Cryptococcus fagisuga Lindinger 1936: 444 emerici Planchon 1864: 21 (Coccoidea Eriococcidae). Objective status: available and valid Note that previous version incorrectly suggested Subjective status: valid as Eulecanium emerici this edit for corticalis Kaltenbach 1843 whereas (Coccoidea Coccidae) it should be for corticalis Kaltenbach 1860! ericae Boisduval 1867: 330 coryli hemisphaericus Geoffroy 1762: 507 Objective status: available and valid Objective status: unavailable, suppressed Subjective status: junior synonym of Aspidiotus (Hemming 1954) nerii Bouché 1833: 52 (Coccoidea Diaspididae) coweni Gillette 1907: 10 evonymi Scopoli 1763: 139 Objective status: available and valid Objective status: available, nomen dubium Subjective status: valid as Adelges coweni Subjective status: placement unknown (Aphidomorpha Adelgidae) fagi Linnaeus 1761: 263 crataegi Scopoli 1763: 139 Objective status: available and valid Objective status: available, nomen dubium Subjective status: valid as Phyllaphis fagi 72 CHERMES: ANNOTATED LIST
(Aphidomorpha Aphididae) fulchironiae Boisduval 1867: 330 Remarks: Linnaeus (1761) named C. fagi with Objective status: available and valid reference to Réaumur (1737: 318). Geoffroy Subjective status: valid as Leucaspis fulchironiae (1762: 497) and Linnaeus (1767: 735) then (Coccoidea Diaspididae) redescribed the species as Aphis fagi with the same indication to Réaumur. Some early funitectus Dreyfus 1888: 6 authors treated Chermes fagi (L. 1761) and Objective status: available and valid Aphis fagi (L. 1767) as separate species (e.g., Subjective status: valid as Adelges funitectus Goeze 1778: 304 & 325 and Gmelin 1790: (Aphidomorpha Adelgidae) 2207 & 2213), and 1767 is sometimes used Remarks: Adelges funitectus has priority over the in the aphid literature as the date of original more frequently used Adelges tsugae Annand description (e.g., Remaudière and Remaudière 1924b: 79 (Chrystal 1922, Carter 1971) 1997: 252) fusca Zetterstedt 1828: 552 fagi Kaltenbach 1874: 631 Objective status: available and valid Objective status: available and valid Subjective status: valid as Psylla fusca (Psylloidea Subjective status: junior synonym of Cryptococcus Psyllidae) fagisuga Lindinger 1936: 444 (Coccoidea Eriococcidae) geniculatus Ratzeburg 1844: 202 Objective status: available and valid ficus Linnaeus 1758: 455 Subjective status: valid as Adelges geniculatus Objective status: available and valid (Aphidomorpha Adelgidae) Subjective status: valid as Homotoma ficus (Psylloidea Homotomidae) graminis Linnaeus 1758: 453 Objective status: available, nomen dubium filicum Boisduval 1867: 335 Subjective status: placement unknown Objective status: available and valid Subjective status: junior synonym of Saissetia hibernaculorum Boisduval 1867: 337 coffeae (Walker 1852: 1079) (Coccoidea Objective status: available and valid Coccidae) Subjective status: junior synonym of Saissetia coffeae (Walker 1852: 1079) (Coccoidea floccus Patch 1909: 137 Coccidae) Objective status: available and valid Subjective status: valid as Pineus floccus himalayensis Stebbing 1910: 100 (Aphidomorpha Adelgidae) Objective status: unavailable, established in synonymy with Adelges abietispiceae fraxini Linnaeus 1758: 454 (Stebbing 1903: 57) (Aphidomorpha Objective status: available and valid Adelgidae) Subjective status: valid as Psyllopsis fraxini (Psylloidea Liviidae) humuli Schrank 1801: 141 Objective status: available, nomen dubium fraxini Kaltenbach 1860: 259 Subjective status: placement unknown Objective status: available and valid Subjective status: valid as Pseudochermes fraxini ishiharai Inouye 1936: 75 (Coccoidea Eriococcidae) Objective status: available and valid Subjective status: valid as Adelges pectinatae ishiharai (Aphidomorpha Adelgidae) Remarks: not treated by Havill and Foottit 2007 FAVRET, OUVRARD AND WILLIAMS 73 japonicus Monzen 1929: 71 lauri Boisduval 1867: 340 Objective status: available and valid Objective status: available and valid Subjective status: valid as Adelges japonicus Subjective status: junior synonym of Coccus (Aphidomorpha Adelgidae) hesperidum Linnaeus 1758: 455 (Coccoidea Coccidae) junci Schrank 1789: 615 Objective status: available and valid lichenis Goeze 1778: 329 Subjective status: valid as Livia junci (Psylloidea Objective status: available, nomen dubium Liviidae) Subjective status: placement unknown Remarks: Walker (1852: 922) suggested this species kennedyae Boisduval 1867: 326 might be a psocid, referring to Geoffroy’s Objective status: available and valid (1762: 489) description of the larva of “la Subjective status: valid as Aspidiotus kennedyae psylle des pierres”, “larvae similar to adults (Coccoidea Diaspididae) except for the lack of wings”, which does not match psyllid immature morphology. Löw lapidarius Fabricius 1803: 306 (1882: 241) also suggested the species, as Objective status: available, nomen dubium described by Gmelin (1790: 2214), might be Subjective status: placement unknown a psocid, junior synonym to Psylla lapidum Fourcroy (1785: 224) [= Psocus bipunctatus lapponicus Cholodkovsky 1889b: 390 (Linnaeus 1761: 384) per Albarda (1889: 232)] Objective status: available and valid . Subjective status: valid as Adelges lapponicus mali Schmidberger 1836: 186 (Aphidomorpha Adelgidae) Objective status: available and valid Subjective status: valid as Cacopsylla mali lariceti Altum 1889: 279 (Psylloidea Psyllidae) Objective status: available and valid Subjective status: junior synonym of Adelges laricis mannifer Hardwick 1822: 182 Vallot 1836: 72 (Aphidomorpha Adelgidae) Objective status: available, nomen dubium Remarks: Börner (1908: 153) lists it as a nomen Subjective status: placement unknown nudum, but Altum’s footnote clarifies it as available mespili serico albo Geoffroy 1762: 508 Objective status: unavailable, suppressed lariciatus Patch 1909: 137 (Hemming 1954) Objective status: available and valid Subjective status: valid as Adelges lariciatus miliaris Boisduval 1869: 262 (Aphidomorpha Adelgidae) Objective status: available and valid Subjective status: valid as Bambusapis miliaris laricicola Shinji 1930: 151 (Coccoidea Asterolecaniidae) Objective status: available and valid Subjective status: junior synonym of Adelges montanus Gillette 1907: 14 viridana (Cholodkovsky 1896: 39) Objective status: available and valid (Aphidomorpha Adelgidae) Subjective status: junior synonym of Pineus pinifoliae (Fitch 1858: 741) (Aphidomorpha laricifoliae Fitch 1858: 752 Adelgidae) Objective status: available and valid Subjective status: junior synonym of Adelges nebulosa Zetterstedt 1828: 551 abietis (Linnaeus 1758: 454) (Aphidomorpha Objective status: available and valid Adelgidae) Subjective status: valid as Craspidolepta nebulosa (Psylloidea Aphalaridae) 74 CHERMES: ANNOTATED LIST
nigrita Zetterstedt 1828: 556 piceae Ratzeburg 1844: 204 Objective status: available and valid Objective status: available and valid Subjective status: valid as Cacopsylla nigrita Subjective status: valid as Adelges piceae (Psylloidea Psyllidae) (Aphidomorpha Adelgidae)
nordmannianae Eckstein 1890: 90 picta Zetterstedt 1828: 553 Objective status: available and valid Objective status: available and valid Subjective status: valid as Adelges nordmannianae Subjective status: junior synonym of Aphalara (Aphidomorpha Adelgidae) calthae (Linnaeus 1761: 263) (Psylloidea Aphalaridae) obtectus Ratzeburg 1844: 200 Objective status: available and valid pineoides Cholodkovsky 1903: 263 Subjective status: junior synonym of Adelges Objective status: available and valid piceae (Ratzeburg 1844: 204) (Aphidomorpha Subjective status: valid as Pineus pineoides Adelgidae) (Aphidomorpha Adelgidae)
occidentalis Cholodkovsky 1910: 281 pini Goeze 1778: 263 Objective status: available and valid Objective status: available and valid Subjective status: junior synonym of Adelges Subjective status: valid as Pineus pini viridis (Ratzeburg 1843: 202) (Aphidomorpha (Aphidomorpha Adelgidae) Adelgidae) Remarks: the species is usually attributed to Macquart (1819: 86) but Goeze provides orientalis Dreyfus 1888: 3 a valid binomial and an indication to both Objective status: available and valid Geoffroy (1762) and Linnaeus (1746). Subjective status: valid as Pineus orientalis (Aphidomorpha Adelgidae) pinifoliae Fitch 1858: 741 Objective status: available and valid pandani Boisduval 1868b: 301 Subjective status: valid as Pineus pinifoliae Objective status: available and valid (Aphidomorpha Adelgidae) Subjective status: valid as Aspidiotus pandani (Coccoidea Diaspididae) populi Del Guercio 1900: 81 Objective status: available, nomen dubium pectinatae Cholodkovsky 1888: 47 Subjective status: placement unknown Objective status: available and valid Subjective status: valid as Adelges pectinatae praecox Cholodkovsky 1898: 28 (Aphidomorpha Adelgidae) Objective status: available and valid Subjective status: valid as Pineus praecox persicae Fabricius 1777: 304 (Aphidomorpha Adelgidae) Objective status: available and valid Remarks: not treated by Havill and Foottit 2007 Subjective status: valid as Parthenolecanium persicae (Coccoidea Coccidae) pruni Scopoli 1763: 140 Objective status: available and valid persicae oblongus Geoffroy 1762: 506 Subjective status: valid as Cacopsylla pruni Objective status: unavailable, suppressed (Psylloidea Psyllidae) (Hemming 1954) pulchra Zetterstedt 1840: 309 persicae rotundus Geoffroy 1762: 506 Objective status: available and valid Objective status: unavailable, suppressed Subjective status: valid as Cacopsylla pulchra (Hemming 1954) (Psylloidea Psyllidae) FAVRET, OUVRARD AND WILLIAMS 75 punctiformis Boisduval 1867: 330 salicis Linnaeus 1758: 454 Objective status: available, nomen dubium Objective status: unavailable, nomen nudum Subjective status: placement unknown salicis Linnaeus 1761: 264 pyri Linnaeus 1758: 454 Objective status: available, nomen dubium Objective status: available and valid Subjective status: nomen dubium as Trioza salicis Subjective status: valid as Cacopsylla pyri (L.) (Löw 1882: 249) (Psylloidea Triozidae) (Psylloidea Psyllidae) salicis Olivier 1792: 439 quercus Linnaeus 1758: 453 Objective status: available and valid Objective status: available, nomen dubium Subjective status: junior synonym of Eulacanium Subjective status: placement unknown tiliae (Linnaeus 1758: 456) (Coccoidea Coccidae) quercus Fourcroy 1785: 229 Objective status: available and valid senecionis Scopoli 1763: 140 Subjective status: junior synonym of Eulacanium Objective status: available and valid tiliae (Linnaeus 1758: 456) (Coccoidea Subjective status: valid as Trioza senecionis Coccidae) (Psylloidea Triozidae) radicum purpureus Geoffroy 1762: 504 sericeus Fourcroy 1785: 230 Objective status: unavailable, suppressed Objective status: available and valid (Hemming 1954) Subjective status: valid as Pulvinaria sericea (Coccoidea Coccidae) reniformis Fourcroy 1785: 230 Objective status: available and valid sibiricus Cholodkovsky 1889b: 388 Subjective status: junior synonym of Kermes Objective status: available and valid quercus (Linnaeus 1758: 455) (Coccoidea Subjective status: junior synonym of Pineus Kermesidae) cembrae (Cholodkovsky 1888: 47) (Aphidomorpha Adelgidae) rhamni Schrank 1801: 141 Objective status: available and valid similis Gillette 1907: 15 Subjective status: valid as Trioza rhamni (Psylloidea Objective status: available and valid Triozidae) Subjective status: valid as Pineus similis Remarks: described as Chermes ramni; the spelling (Aphidomorpha Adelgidae) rhamni is preserved under Article 33.3.1 of the ICZN (1999) sorbi Linnaeus 1767: 738 Objective status: available and valid roboris Fourcroy 1785: 229 Subjective status: valid as Cacopsylla sorbi Objective status: available and valid (Psylloidea Psyllidae) Subjective status: valid as Kermes roboris (Coccoidea Kermesidae) strobi Ratzeburg 1844: 203 Objective status: available, junior objective rotundus quercus Olivier 1792: 440 synonym of Pineus strobi (Hartig 1839: 643) Objective status: unavailable, trinomial (Aphidomorpha Adelgidae) Remarks: the available name of the species Remarks: Ratzeburg (1844) correctly indicates a described by Olivier is Eulacanium tiliae Hartig (1839) authorship, but Eastop and Hille (Linnaeus 1758: 456) (Coccoidea Coccidae) Ris Lambers (1976: 188) designate Chermes strobi Ratzeburg 1844 (=Coccus strobus Hartig 76 CHERMES: ANNOTATED LIST
1839) as the type species for Eopineus Steffan vermilio Planchon 1864: 19 1968, thereby making it available Objective status: available and valid Subjective status: valid as Kermes vermilio strobilobius Kaltenbach 1843: 203 (Coccoidea Kermesidae) Objective status: available and valid Subjective status: junior synonym of Adelges laricis viridanus Cholodkovsky 1896: 39 Vallot 1836: 72 (Aphidomorpha Adelgidae) Objective status: available and valid Subjective status: valid as Adelges viridanus tardoides Cholodkovsky 1911: 175 (Aphidomorpha Adelgidae) Objective status: available and valid Subjective status: valid as Adelges tardoides viridis Ratzeburg 1843: 202 (Aphidomorpha Adelgidae) Objective status: available and valid Remarks: described as Chermes lapponicus var. Subjective status: valid as Adelges viridis tardoides (Aphidomorpha Adelgidae)
tardus Dreyfus 1888: 3 viridula Zetterstedt 1828: 555 Objective status: available and valid Objective status: available and valid Subjective status: valid as Adelges tardus Subjective status: valid as Trioza viridula (Aphidomorpha Adelgidae) (Psylloidea Triozidae)
taxi Buckton 1886: 327 viridulus Cholodkovsky 1911: 175 Objective status: available, nomen dubium Objective status: available and valid Subjective status: placement unknown Subjective status: valid as Adelges viridulus Remarks: Pseudococcus taxi in Lindinger (1912: (Aphidomorpha Adelgidae) 320) (Coccoidea Pseudococcidae) vitis oblongus Geoffroy 1762: 506 tiliae hemisphaericus Geoffroy 1762: 507 Objective status: unavailable, suppressed Objective status: unavailable, suppressed (Hemming 1954) (Hemming 1954) zetterstedti Thomson 1877: 832 ulmi Linnaeus 1758: 453 Objective status: available and valid Objective status: available and valid Subjective status: valid as Cacopsylla zetterstedti Subjective status: valid as Eriosoma ulmi (Psylloidea Psyllidae) (Aphidomorpha Aphididae)
ulmi Fourcroy 1785: 229 Objective status: available and valid Subjective status: junior synonym of Eulacanium tiliae (Linnaeus 1758: 456) (Coccoidea Coccidae)
urticae Linnaeus 1758: 454 Objective status: available and valid Subjective status: valid as Trioza urticae (Psylloidea Triozidae) FAVRET, OUVRARD AND WILLIAMS 77
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Modeer, A. 1778. Om fastflyet Coccus. Götteborgs Schrank, F.v.P. 1789. Baiersche Flora. Volume 1. Kungliga Vetenskaps och Vitterhets Samhälles J. B. Strobl, Munich (Germany). 753 pp. [in Handlingar. New Series 1: 11-50. [in Swedish] German] Monzen, K. 1929. Studies on some gall producing Schrank, F.v.P. 1801. Blattsauger. Fauna Boica. aphids and their galls. Saito Ho-on Kai (The Durchgedachte Geschichten der in Baiern Saito Gratitude Foundation) Monographs 1: 80 einheimischen und zahmen Thiere 2(1): 140- pp. 143. [in German] Olivier, G.A. 1791. Encyclopédie méthodique. Scopoli, J.A. 1763. Entomologia Carniolica Histoire Naturelle Insectes. Volume 6. exhibens insecta Carnioliae indigena et Panckoucke, Paris. 704 pp. [in French] distributa in ordines, genera, species, varietates. Olivier, G.A. 1792. Encyclopédie méthodique. Methodo Linnaeana., Ioannis Thomae Trattner, Histoire Naturelle Insectes. Volume 7. Vienna. 420 pp. [in Latin] Panckoucke, Paris. 827 pp. [in French] Shinji, G.O. 1930. Some new Aphidids from North Ouvrard, D. 2013. Psyl’list - The World Psylloidea Eastern Japan. Lansania 2(20): 151-160. Database.
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Table 1. Summary of nomenclatural and taxonomic statuses of species-group names proposed in combination with Chermes Linnaeus 1758.