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Article Sencer Butll. Inst. Cat. Hist. Nat., 47 (Sec. Zool., 4): 5-59. 1981 ESTUDI FAUNISTIC DEL LITORAL DE BLANES (GIRONA), II. SISTEMATICA D'ESPONGES Rebut: desembre 1980 * Maria-Antonia Bibiloni ABSTRACT Faunistic study of the Blanes ( Girona , Spain ) littoral , II. Porifera systematics. been The benthic communities of a little area in the Blanes littoral (Girona, Spain) have 12 m studied for two years. They belong to the upper infralittoral level, between 3 and sam- deep, and have been studied from 40 inventories obtained from punctual underwater as- ples and from a general survey of the macroflora and macrofauna. Three bionomic pects with minor differences have been observed in this area: A, well lighted and surf- beaten zones with a population of photophilous species; B, poor lighted and surf-beaten zones, with more sciaphilous forms, and C, poor lighted and less disturbed zones, of coralligenous character. This paper deals with the study of the Porifera species found in the abovemen- tioned survey, of which a systematic list is presented. Thirty-nine species of sponges have been obtained; 7 of them are recorded for the first time in the Catalan coast, and of these 5 are new citations for the Iberian Peninsula littoral. The in vivo and spicular descriptions of each species, data on their habitat, geographic distribution, substrate, depth and bionomic facies are given. Some general ecological remarks are also made from the abundance distribution of each species in the bionomic zones of the area. INTRODUCCIO Aquests estudis van portar a terme l'e- laboracio d'una monografia (BIBILON, Durant dos anys s'han estudiat, amb 1980) d'on s'han extret una serie de tre- I'ajut do l'escafrandre autonom, les co- balls sistematics, ecologics i bionomics munitats bentoniques d'una petita zona (BIBILONI, 1981; BIBILONI & CORNET, 1981a, del litoral de Blanes (Girona) correspo- 1981b; BIBILONI et al., 1981). Un d'aquests nent al pis infralitoral superior, entre 3 treballs es el present article, encaminat a i 12 m, a partir d'inventaris procedents l'estudi de la sistematics dels porffers de de mostres puntuals i d'una descripcio la zona. general de la macroflora i de la macro- La situacio geografica de Blanes es in- fauna de la zona. teressant perque es troba en el limit de * Departament d'Ecologia. Facultat de Biologia. Univershat de Barcelona. Gran Via de les Corts Catalanes, 585. Barcelona, 7. 5 dos tipus de costa molt diferents (fig. 1), costa uns 60 m. S'ha considerat cl limit el Maresme, que es sorrenca, i la Costa de la zona als 5 m de profunditat. Brava estricta, essencialment rocosa. Si De les zones intermedies s'ha fet un a aixo s'afegcix 1'existencia d'un entrant estudi cartografic i bionomic mitjancant del talus continental que fa que s'arribi inventaris visuals i fotografics. a una profunditat de 200 m a uns 5,5 km S'han diferenciat a la zona de mostrat- de la costa, es veu que es facil de trobar, ge tres aspectes bionomics lleugerament en una superffcie relativament petita, una diferents : A, zones illuminades i batudes gran diversitat de fops, anomenats en amb abundancia d'especies fotofiles. B, part per Ros (1975): fons de dintre del zones menys illuminades i batudes amb port; roques litorals de 0 a 25 m de pro- caracter mes esci.afil. C, zones de poca funditat; fons sorrencs fins a 40 m amb il•luminacio amb caracter coralligen (vegeu prats de Posidonia oceanica, al voltant BIBILONI et al., 1981). dcls 20 m; fons corraflfgens amb detritus S'ha efectuat un total de 40 inventaris i sorra, molt rics en fauna invertebrada; repartits d'aquesta manera: 13 en la zo- fons detrItics costaners i detrftics amb na 1, 19 en la zona 2 i 8 en la zona 3, els sediments importants de sorra i fang; fons quals s'han numerat cronologicament; les de fangs terrfgens, rics en poliquets i cc- mostres s 'han agrupat segons la zona bio- lenteris; i fangs batials, a mes de 300 m nomica a la qual pertanyen ( vegeu taula 1). de profunditat, pobres en fauna inverte- En aquest treball s'estudia el tipus Pori- brada en general. fera; a mes d 'una llista sistematica de les Dins del segon tipus de fons, es a dir, especics trobades , es dona una descrip- en les roques litorals de 0 a 25 m de pro- cio detallada de cada una, taut del seu funditat amb abundancia d'algues foto- aspecte extern com del seu esquelet, com- files i corafligen incipient a partir dels pletant-ho amb la seva distribucio i el seu 20 m, situa ]'area objecte d'estudi. Aques- habitat. ta to uns 13.500 m2, es situada entre la Igualment s'exposa per a cada exem- punta de Santa Anna i la cala de Sant plar informacio referent a la data, subs- Francesc i es delimitada al nord per blocs trat, profunditat i facies bionomica en submergits d'aquesta punta i al sud per que es troba. grans blocs rocosos que surten a la su- perffcie. Per terra s'hi arriba per una pe- tita platja de recent construccio, orienta- ANTECEDENTS HISTORICS da al N-NE i, per tant, rep la influencia dels vents del N tramuntana), NE (gre- La importancia dels porffers dintre de gal) i E (llevant), qucdant bastant prote- les poblacions bentoniques de substrat dur gida del SE (xaloc) i S (migjorn) per la no s'ha comencat a apreciar fins fa pocs platja artificial que uneix l'espigo portua- anys, malgrat que des de fa temps s'hagi ri amb la punta de Santa Anna. estudiat aquest grup a la Mediterrania En aquesta zona s'han elegit tres esta- (Schmidt, Lendenfeld, Ferrer Hernandez, cions fixes per a fer-hi mostratges perio- Topscnt). La rao principal es deguda als dicament: metodes de recolleccio, que, antigament, - Zona 1; petit illot que sobrcsurt del eren nomes indirectes (dragues) i no ofe- nivell de l'aigua uns 70 cm; queda sepa- rien cap informacio de ]'habitat del grup. rat de la costa uns 70 m; s'hi han obtin- L'us de 1'escafandre autonom ha permes gut mostres de diferents orientacions. La millorar les tecniques de recol•leccio del maxima profunditat a que s'arriba es de bentos i afrontar estudis de bionomia mes 7 m. complerts. - Zona 2; formada per una paret ver- L'cstudi de les esponges a la Peninsula tical que des del nivell de l'aigua arriba Iberica es remunta a principi de segle, fins a 12 m, orientada a 1'est, i una altra amb ORUETA (1901), que descrivf algunes a la mateixa profunditat i que no arriba esponges del Cantabric. a la superffcie, orientada a l'oest. Totes FERRER HERNANDEZ (1912, 1914a, 1914b, dues son a uns 12 m de la costa; s'han 1916, 1917, 1918, 1921, 1922) estudia la cos- agafat tambe mostres dels voltants. ta cantabrica i altres punts del litoral es- - Zona 3; correspon a la part submer- panyol. Els metodes de recolleccio son gida de la punta de Santa Anna, seguint indirectes i no aporten cap informacio so- una direccio NW-SE, i es separada de la bre I'habitat de les espccies recollectades, 6 N 250 500 m FIG. 1. Situacio geografica de Blanes i de la zona d'estudi. Geographical situation of Blanes and estudy's zone. 7 . - - - - - - - - .11 - - - - . - - . `^ `^ ,^ ^.ro 0 y a ti .^ c v ^n a v E ^. ^ .a Ev o a. a a ^ 'L b ^ > ^ b b .^ (d Q ^ i' . U y 7 , * I I * I I - - - - - - - - - - - - - 'C ^ ^ 7 C G _O ^ .^ A •^ ro C] ^d ^ .? C. C R M ^ O A c u L^ C J vI v W 1--I v a 0 4 ti C t [. 7 E o Z G^ Q U L q R C u L^ sU^ w A U_ A 4 c. c e A m m m 0 J c c o o -^ c a c a s u t ^ a S !! c c E r E v^ R C ^"^ a e n u S 0 <^ .^ encara que la tasca faunistica i sistema- Les esponges es mantenien amb aigua de tica rs important. mar durant 24 hores, per tal que s'obris- RUiu i (1971) estudia les esponges de sin els osculs i el sistema aquifer, anotant Blanes, do fons sorrencs principalment, al mateix temps tots aquells caracters que Inntament amb altres grups d'inventcbrats es poguessin modificar despres de la fixa- i ttinicats. Encara quc represcnti una con- cio (color, consistencia, ostiols i osculs). Ii ibucio interessant al coneixement de Despres de scr fixades amb formol al 4 °/o Ics comunitats naturals do les nostres cos- es determinaven sistematicament segons tcs, no toca els substrats durs. els metodes classics. Dins del PROGRAyIA in: BENTOS (1972-74), Oi.nvri i.v (1977) analitza la distribucio de Ics esponges tie foes rocosos del litoral RELACIO D'ESPECIES catakt, ja amb inetodes directes (escafan- dre autonom), essent aquest el primer tre- En la llista que scgueix s'ordenen taxo- ball realitzat a les cosies catalanes amb nomicament les especies d'esponges deter- aquest metode. Mes tard (OLivELLA, 1980) minades, assenyalant-se si es tracta d'una s'ocupa de les esponges de les illes Medes nova citacio per la costa catalana (+) o (Girona). si l'especie es nova per a la fauna iberi- BENITO (1976) estudia les esponges de la ca (++). ria de Vigo. Despres RODRIGUEZ & LOREN- Aquesta Ilista s'ha fet seguint 1'ordre zo (1978) descriuen les csponges interma- sistematic donat per TUZET (1973) per les reals d'aquesta localitat.
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