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PERSUADE OR PERISH Addressing Gaps in the U.S
PERSUADE OR PERISH Addressing Gaps in the U.S. Posture to Confront Propaganda and Disinformation Threats Dr. Haroro J. Ingram Program on Extremism Policy Paper February 2020 PERSUADE OR PERISH 1 INGRAM | PROGRAM ON EXTREMISM Abstract: The purpose of this policy paper is to assess the U.S. government’s posture to deal with malicious ‘influence activities’ (i.e. propaganda and disinformation) by state and nonstate actors. It argues that while the U.S. government has provided inconsistent support for its foreign policy and national security information sector for decades, since 2017 an effort has been made to lay the foundations for a rejuvenated U.S. posture to address propaganda and disinformation threats. However, significant gaps remain that will weaken those foundation building efforts if left unaddressed. This paper concludes with four recommendations focusing on (i.) the need to learn lessons from the institutions’ history, (ii.) the value of an overarching paradigm through which to understand a spectrum of threats, (iii.) the important role of overt attributed U.S government messaging, and (iv.) initiatives to strategically cohere interagency activities. The United States and its allies are facing a complex spectrum of propaganda and disinformation threats that are rapidly evolving strategically, operationally, and technologically. 1 The U.S. government’s ability to address these malicious ‘influence activities’ will depend on its adoption of an appropriately balanced, resourced, and legislatively empowered posture that will be as much a product of institutional history as contemporary strategic-policy decisions. This policy paper assesses the U.S. government’s posture to deal with these threats and outlines ways in which strategic-policy gaps, drawn from this analysis, can be tackled. -
Contrasting Portrayals of Women in WW1 British Propaganda
University of Hawai‘i at Hilo HOHONU 2015 Vol. 13 of history, propaganda has been aimed at patriarchal Victims or Vital: Contrasting societies and thus, has primarily targeted men. This Portrayals of Women in WWI remained true throughout WWI, where propaganda came into its own as a form of public information and British Propaganda manipulation. However, women were always part of Stacey Reed those societies, and were an increasingly active part History 385 of the conversations about the war. They began to be Fall 2014 targeted by propagandists as well. In war, propaganda served a variety of More than any other war before it, World War I purposes: recruitment of soldiers, encouraging social invaded the every day life of citizens at home. It was the responsibility, advertising government agendas and first large-scale war that employed popular mass media programs, vilifying the enemy and arousing patriotism.5 in the transmission and distribution of information from Various governments throughout WWI found that the the front lines to the Home Front. It was also the first image of someone pointing out of a poster was a very to merit an organized propaganda effort targeted at the effective recruiting tool for soldiers. Posters presented general public by the government.1 The vast majority of British men with both the glory of war and the shame this propaganda was directed at an assumed masculine of shirkers. Women were often placed in the role of audience, but the female population engaged with the encouraging their men to go to war. Many propaganda messages as well. -
Communication, Ideology and Power
Communication, Ideology and Power: Notes on the Debate between Intentional Propaganda Theory and Spontaneous Reproduction of Propaganda Theory Comunicación, ideología y poder: Anotaciones para el debate entre la Teoría de la Propaganda Intencional y la Teoría de la Reproducción Espontánea de ADRIÁN TARÍN SANZ1 la Propaganda https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6788-5291 Since the debate on modern propaganda began, there is a question that stills remains unanswered: the existence, or not, of propaganda in involuntary ideological discourses. In this paper, both currents, defined here as intentional propaganda theory IP( T) and spontaneous reproduction of propaganda theory (SRPT), are contrasted, concluding that the former is based on a restricted view of power, communication and propaganda. KEYWORDS:propaganda, intentional, power, communication, ideology. Desde que comenzaron los debates sobre la propaganda moderna, una cuestión continúa inconclusa: si existe, o no, propaganda en los discursos ideológicos involuntarios. Aquí se confrontan ambas corrientes, definidas como Teoría de la Propaganda Intencional (TPI) y Teoría de la Reproducción Espontánea de Propaganda (TREP), concluyendo que la primera se basa en una visión restringida del poder, la comunicación y la propaganda. PALABRAS CLAVE: Propaganda, voluntariedad, poder, comunicación, ideología. 1 Universidad Central del Ecuador, Ecuador. E-mail: [email protected] Submitted: 02/05/17. Accepted: 20/06/17. Published: 12/11/18. Comunicación y Sociedad, 32, may-august, 2018, pp. 173-190. 173 174 Adrián Tarín Sanz INTRODUCTION After a certain degree of indifference towards the subject at the end of the Twentieth Century, since the year 2000 propaganda theory has gradually regained its place in the academic debate on communication. -
Coming to Grips with Life in the Disinformation Age
Coming to Grips with Life in the Disinformation Age “The Information Age” is the term given to post-World War II contemporary society, particularly from the Sixties, onward, when we were coming to the realization that our ability to publish information of all kinds, fact and fiction, was increasing at an exponential rate so as to make librarians worry that they would soon run out of storage space. Their storage worries were temporarily allayed by the advent of the common use of microform analog photography of printed materials, and eventually further by digital technology and nanotechnology. It is noted that in this era, similar to other past eras of great growth in communications technology such as written language, the printing press, analog recording, and telecommunication, dramatic changes occurred as well in human thinking and socialness. More ready archiving negatively impacted our disposition to remember things by rote, including, in recent times, our own phone numbers. Moreover, many opportunities for routine socializing were lost, particularly those involving public speech and readings, live music and theater, live visits to neighbors and friends, etc. The recognition that there had been a significant tradeoff from which there seemed to be no turning back evoked discussion of how to come to grips with “life in the Information Age”. Perhaps we could discover new social and intellectual opportunities from our technological advances to replace the old ones lost, ways made available by new technology. Today we are facing a new challenge, also brought on largely by new technology: that of coming to grips with life in the “Disinformation Age”. -
S:\FULLCO~1\HEARIN~1\Committee Print 2018\Henry\Jan. 9 Report
Embargoed for Media Publication / Coverage until 6:00AM EST Wednesday, January 10. 1 115TH CONGRESS " ! S. PRT. 2d Session COMMITTEE PRINT 115–21 PUTIN’S ASYMMETRIC ASSAULT ON DEMOCRACY IN RUSSIA AND EUROPE: IMPLICATIONS FOR U.S. NATIONAL SECURITY A MINORITY STAFF REPORT PREPARED FOR THE USE OF THE COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN RELATIONS UNITED STATES SENATE ONE HUNDRED FIFTEENTH CONGRESS SECOND SESSION JANUARY 10, 2018 Printed for the use of the Committee on Foreign Relations Available via World Wide Web: http://www.gpoaccess.gov/congress/index.html U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE 28–110 PDF WASHINGTON : 2018 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Publishing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402–0001 VerDate Mar 15 2010 04:06 Jan 09, 2018 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 5012 Sfmt 5012 S:\FULL COMMITTEE\HEARING FILES\COMMITTEE PRINT 2018\HENRY\JAN. 9 REPORT FOREI-42327 with DISTILLER seneagle Embargoed for Media Publication / Coverage until 6:00AM EST Wednesday, January 10. COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN RELATIONS BOB CORKER, Tennessee, Chairman JAMES E. RISCH, Idaho BENJAMIN L. CARDIN, Maryland MARCO RUBIO, Florida ROBERT MENENDEZ, New Jersey RON JOHNSON, Wisconsin JEANNE SHAHEEN, New Hampshire JEFF FLAKE, Arizona CHRISTOPHER A. COONS, Delaware CORY GARDNER, Colorado TOM UDALL, New Mexico TODD YOUNG, Indiana CHRISTOPHER MURPHY, Connecticut JOHN BARRASSO, Wyoming TIM KAINE, Virginia JOHNNY ISAKSON, Georgia EDWARD J. MARKEY, Massachusetts ROB PORTMAN, Ohio JEFF MERKLEY, Oregon RAND PAUL, Kentucky CORY A. BOOKER, New Jersey TODD WOMACK, Staff Director JESSICA LEWIS, Democratic Staff Director JOHN DUTTON, Chief Clerk (II) VerDate Mar 15 2010 04:06 Jan 09, 2018 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 S:\FULL COMMITTEE\HEARING FILES\COMMITTEE PRINT 2018\HENRY\JAN. -
Propagandamoldova
Issue 1(11), 2018 MYTHS MYTHS NEWS TARGET AUDIENCE GEORGIA IMAGE INFLUENCE ESTONIA NARRATIVES MEDIA DISINFORMATION CRISIS HISTORY INFORMATION PROPAGANDA HISTORY COMMUNICATIONS RUSSIA IMAGE UKRAINE MOLDOVA OPERATIONS NEWS FAKE NEWS EUROPE TURKEY INFLUENCE INFORMATION TV MYTHS UA: Ukraine CRISISAnalytica · 1 (11), 2018 • DISINFORMATION CAMPAIGNS • FAKE NEWS • INFLUENCE OPERATIONS 1 BOARD OF ADVISERS Dr. Dimitar Bechev (Bulgaria, Director of the European Policy Institute) Issue 1 (11), 2018 Dr. Iulian Chifu Analysis and Early Warning Center) (Romania, Director of the Conflict Propaganda Amb., Dr. Sergiy Korsunsky (Ukraine, Director of the Diplomatic Academy under the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine) Dr. Igor Koval (Ukraine, Rector of Odessa National Editors University by I.I. Mechnikov) Dr. Hanna Shelest Dr. Mykola Kapitonenko Amb., Dr. Sergey Minasyan (Armenia, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Armenia to Romania) Publisher: Published by NGO “Promotion of Intercultural Marcel Rothig (Germany, Director of the Cooperation” (Ukraine), Centre of International Representation of the Friedrich Ebert Foundation in Ukraine) of the Representation of the Friedrich Ebert Studies (Ukraine), with the financial support Foundation in Ukraine, and the Black Sea Trust. James Nixey (United Kingdom, Head of the Russia and Eurasia Programme at Chatham House, the UA: Ukraine Analytica Royal Institute of International Affairs) analytical journal in English on International is the first Ukrainian Relations, Politics and Economics. The journal Dr. Róbert Ondrejcsák (Slovakia, State Secretary, is aimed for experts, diplomats, academics, Ministry of Defence) students interested in the international relations and Ukraine in particular. Amb., Dr. Oleg Shamshur (Ukraine, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Ukraine Contacts: to France) website: http://ukraine-analytica.org/ e-mail: [email protected] Dr. -
Propaganda As Communication Strategy: Historic and Contemporary Perspective
Academy of Marketing Studies Journal Volume 24, Issue 4, 2020 PROPAGANDA AS COMMUNICATION STRATEGY: HISTORIC AND CONTEMPORARY PERSPECTIVE Mohit Malhan, FPM Scholar, Indian Institute of Management, Lucknow Dr. Prem Prakash Dewani, Associate Professor, Indian Institute of Management, Lucknow ABSTRACT In a world entrapped in their own homes during the Covid-19 crisis, digital communication has taken a centre stage in most people’s lives. Where before the pandemic we were facing a barrage of fake news, the digitally entrenched pandemic world has deeply exacerbated the problem. The purpose of choosing this topic is that the topic is new and challenging. In today’s context, individuals are bound to face the propaganda, designed by firms as a communication strategy. The study is exploratory is nature. The study is done using secondary data from published sources. In our study, we try and study a particular type of communication strategy, propaganda, which employs questionable techniques, through a comprehensive literature review. We try and understand the history and use of propaganda and how its research developed from its nascent stages and collaborated with various communications theories. We then take a look at the its contemporary usages and tools employed. It is pertinent to study the impact of propaganda on individual and the society. We explain that how individual/firms/society can use propaganda to build a communication strategy. Further, we theories and elaborate on the need for further research on this widely prevalent form of communication. Keywords: Propaganda, Internet, Communication, Persuasion, Politics, Social Network. INTRODUCTION Propaganda has been in operation in the world for a long time now. -
The Spectacle of the False-Flag
The Spectacle of the False-Flag THE SPECTACLE OF THE FALSE-FLAG: PARAPOLITICS FROM JFK TO WATERGATE Eric Wilson THE SPECTACLE OF THE FALSE-FLAG: PARAPOLITICS from JFK to WATERGATE Eric Wilson, Monash University 2015 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ This work is Open Access, which means that you are free to copy, distribute, display, and perform the work as long as you clearly attribute the work to the author, that you do not use this work for commercial gain in any form whatsoever, and that you in no way, alter, transform, or build upon the work outside of its normal use in academic scholarship without express permission of the author and the publisher of this volume. For any reuse or distribution, you must make clear to others the license terms of this work. First published in 2015 by Thought | Crimes an imprint of punctumbooks.com ISBN-13: 978-0988234055 ISBN-10: 098823405X and the full book is available for download via our Open Monograph Press website (a Public Knowledge Project) at: www.thoughtcrimespress.org a project of the Critical Criminology Working Group, publishers of the Open Access Journal: Radical Criminology: journal.radicalcriminology.org Contact: Jeff Shantz (Editor), Dept. of Criminology, KPU 12666 72 Ave. Surrey, BC V3W 2M8 [ + design & open format publishing: pj lilley ] I dedicate this book to my Mother, who watched over me as I slept through the spectacle in Dallas on November 22, 1963 and who was there to celebrate my birthday with me during the spectacle at the Watergate Hotel on June 17, 1972 Contents Editor©s Preface ................................................................ -
HYBRID WARFARE TABLE of CONTENTS Features
VOLUME 10, ISSUE 1, 2020 Journal of European Security and Defense Issues n WHAT RUSSIA LEARNED IN GEORGIA n NONSTATE ACTORS JOIN THE BATTLE No two information operations are the same New foes pose unconventional threats n WINNING NONMILITARY CONFLICTS PLUS The need to broaden deterrence theories Are some cyber attacks an act of war? n WHEN STATES WEAPONIZE THE LAW The ‘gray zone’ between war and peace Using ‘lawfare’ to exploit established norms Bulgaria’s strategy to counter Moscow Perspectives on HYBRID WARFARE TABLE OF CONTENTS features 7 Defining Hybrid Warfare By James K. Wither The blurring of traditional distinctions between armed conflicts. 10 From Georgia to Crimea By Emilio J. Iasiello Russia adjusts its information operations to fit the conflict. 1 6 Deterrence in a Hybrid Environment By Col. John J. Neal, U.S. Army 10 Defending against nonlinear threats. 2 4 Putin’s Russia By Col. Ryan L. Worthan, U.S. Army A hybrid state unbounded by limitations. 3 2 Waging Lawfare By Mark Voyger, senior lecturer, Russian and Eastern European studies, Baltic Defence College Russia’s weaponization of international and domestic law. 4 0 Shadow Wars By Lt. Douglas Cantwell, Judge Advocate General’s Corps, U.S. Navy Hybrid warfare in the legal and strategic gray zone. 16 4 6 Hacking for Influence By Piret Pernik, researcher, Estonian Academy of Security Sciences Cyber attacks are key to Russian information warfare. 5 2 Taking the Offensive By Mihail Naydenov, defense and international security expert Bulgaria’s national strategy to counter hybrid threats. 5 6 A Latvian Case Study By Cmdr. -
Foundations of Effective Influence Operations a Framework for Enhancing Army Capabilities
THE ARTS This PDF document was made available CHILD POLICY from www.rand.org as a public service of CIVIL JUSTICE the RAND Corporation. EDUCATION ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT Jump down to document6 HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit NATIONAL SECURITY research organization providing POPULATION AND AGING PUBLIC SAFETY objective analysis and effective SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY solutions that address the challenges SUBSTANCE ABUSE facing the public and private sectors TERRORISM AND HOMELAND SECURITY around the world. TRANSPORTATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE Support RAND WORKFORCE AND WORKPLACE Purchase this document Browse Books & Publications Make a charitable contribution For More Information Visit RAND at www.rand.org Explore RAND Arroyo Center View document details Limited Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law as indicated in a notice appearing later in this work. This electronic representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for non-commercial use only. Unauthorized posting of RAND PDFs to a non-RAND Web site is prohibited. RAND PDFs are protected under copyright law. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of our research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please see RAND Permissions. This product is part of the RAND Corporation monograph series. RAND monographs present major research findings that address the challenges facing the public and private sectors. All RAND mono- graphs undergo rigorous peer review to ensure high standards for research quality and objectivity. Foundations of Effective Influence Operations A Framework for Enhancing Army Capabilities Eric V. -
019:091:AAA Media History & Culture
Media history and culture — p. 1 Summer 2013 019:091:AAA Media History & Culture 10:30A - 11:45A MTWTh 201 BCSB Prof. Frank Durham Office: E330 Adler Journalism Building (AJB) [email protected] ph. 335-3362 Office hours: Mon./Tues. 9-10:30 a.m. or by appointment The Journalism School office is located at room E305 in the Adler Journalism Building (AJB) ph. 335-3401 Course description To understand America’s past and its present, we must understand journalism and its role in the making of the nation. In this course, we will approach this learning project by addressing the broader social and political contexts within which American journalism has developed. Through a process of inquiry, we will learn about how journalists have defined conflicts between elites and workers, men and women, and how they have constructed definitions of racial and ethnic groups. In this way, this course and the text that Prof. Tom Oates and I have written for it, Defining the Mainstream: A Critical News Reader, addresses the origins, themes, and continuities of the press, both mainstream and minority. This perspective comes from examining exemplary (and, sometimes, exceptional) moments, as well as developing an understanding of more usual journalistic reactions and practices across time. In these discussions, I want to show you how and why journalism has played a part in defining social meaning in America. While the history of American journalism is rich with heroic stories about how journalists shaped and were shaped by events and trends, the content of the class about journalism will be new to almost all of you. -
How the US and Russia Represent Mutual Propaganda Activities
This is a repository copy of Competing propagandas: How the US and Russia represent mutual propaganda activities. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/165952/ Version: Published Version Article: Chernobrov, D. orcid.org/0000-0002-6598-0412 and Briant, E.L. (2020) Competing propagandas: How the US and Russia represent mutual propaganda activities. Politics. ISSN 0263-3957 https://doi.org/10.1177/0263395720966171 Reuse This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) licence. This licence allows you to distribute, remix, tweak, and build upon the work, even commercially, as long as you credit the authors for the original work. More information and the full terms of the licence here: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing [email protected] including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. [email protected] https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ 966171 POL0010.1177/0263395720966171PoliticsChernobrov and Briant research-article2020 Article Politics 1 –17 Competing propagandas: © The Author(s) 2020 How the United States https://doi.org/10.1177/0263395720966171Article reuse guidelines: sagepub.com/journals-permissions and Russia represent mutual DOI: 10.1177/0263395720966171 journals.sagepub.com/home/pol propaganda activities Dmitry Chernobrov The University of Sheffield, UK Emma L Briant Bard College, USA Abstract The period of growing tensions between the United States and Russia (2013–2019) saw mutual accusations of digital interference, disinformation, fake news, and propaganda, particularly following the Ukraine crisis and the 2016 US presidential election.