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HHMI BULLETIN • Howard Hughes Medical Institute • Vol HHMI BULLETIN A UG . ’08 VOL .21 • NO.03 • Howard Hu Howard BULLETIN g hes Medical Institute HHMI • www.hhmi.or g Takaki Komiyama and Takaki Liqun Luo Ever wonder how that lone fruit fly zeros in on the ripening bananas on your countertop? Liqun Luo has used One to One an innovative staining technique to illuminate how a fly finds its fruit—and it’s no simple feat. Smells are first detected by olfactory receptor neurons (green) in the left and right antennal lobes of the fly brain. Then, olfactory projection neurons (blue) transmit the information to high brain centers. During construction of the olfactory circuit, 50 classes of olfactory receptor neurons and 50 classes of projection neurons must establish precise one- to-one connections (see page 32). 4000 Jones Bridge Road vol. Chevy Chase, Maryland 20815-6789 21 Simplicity, practicality, systematic www.hhmi.org no. / In This Issue The Unintentional Scientist / Nerve Cell Navigation / thinking—engineers bring Adding 56 New Investigators their tools and more to biology. 03 ObservatiOns 32 EyEs wIdE opEn Nerve cells navigate a remarkably complex path to establish the proper connections during development. Evolutionary biology is a cornerstone of modern science. Yet, many for some of the most pressing social, cultural, and political issues In this 14-day-old mouse embryo’s paw, fluorescent people remain skeptical. A 2008 report from the National Academy of our time. staining charts the maze of sensory nerve cells. Scientists of Sciences, which HHMI is helping to distribute to schools and to the Science and technology are so pervasive in modern society that are using new discoveries about the process to think public, seeks to reveal the strong evidence supporting evolution and students increasingly need a sound education in the core concepts, about how to rewire the brain after injury or disease. its relevance to today’s most important questions. applications, and implications of science. Because evolution has and will continue to serve as a critical foundation of the biomedical As individuals and societies, we are now making decisions that will and life sciences, helping students learn about and understand the have profound consequences for future generations. How should we scientific evidence, mechanisms, and implications of evolution are balance the need to preserve the Earth’s plants, animals, and natural fundamental to a high-quality science education. environment against other pressing concerns? Should we alter our Science and religion are different ways of understanding. use of fossil fuels and other natural resources to enhance the well- Needlessly placing them in opposition reduces the potential of both being of our descendants? To what extent should we use our new to contribute to a better future. understanding of biology on a molecular level to alter the character- istics of living things? From the National Academy of Sciences/Institute of Medicine report None of these decisions can be made wisely without considering “Science, Evolution, and Creationism” © 2008 National Academies Press, biological evolution. People need to understand evolution, its role Washington, D.C. Reprinted with permission of the National Academy of within the broader scientific enterprise, and its vital implications Sciences. For more about the report, visit www.nap.edu/sec. Ian Dingman / lindgrensmith.com Rasi Wickramasinghe / Ginty lab Rasi Wickramasinghe vol. 21 august ’o8 no. o3 DePARTMeNTS PresIDeNt’s Letter 0 3 Interconnected CeNtrIfuGe 0 4 Keeping Time 0 5 Fish Out of Water 0 6 The Puzzle Champ uPfrONt 0 8 Group Dynamic 1 0 Sunny Side Up 1 2 A Devil of a Problem PersPeCtIVES AND OPINIONs 3 8 Francisco Ayala 4 0 Catherine Dulac 4 2 Q&A – What Olympic sport does your scientific career best qualify you for? CHrONICLe science Education 4 4 Let the Experiments Begin 4 6 Getting Their Feet Wet Institute News 4 7 Asai Named as Undergraduate Science Education Program Director 4 7 HHMI Appoints Carlson as Senior Scientific Officer Lab Book 4 8 A Mutation’s Multiple Effects 4 9 Jumping After Mobile DNA 5 0 Mysterious Protein Protects Against Sepsis In Memoriam 5 1 Jeremy R. Knowles toolbox 5 2 Next-Generation Sequencing Nota Bene 54 News of recent awards and other notable achievements OBserVATIONs Eyes Wide Open features 14 2o 26 32 Thinking Like Add 56 The Unintentional Nerve Cell An Engineer HHMI’s newest investigators Scientist Navigation Scientists are applying the are willing to sidle up to risk. Joan Massagué was Nerve cells exploit a complex tools and approaches of Their approaches to research— having too much fun to set of cues to wire up properly engineering to solve some and life—dispel many of notice he was building in developing organisms. A practical problems and the myths about the lone, a career—and solving closer view of this process may fathom the basic nature detached scientist. problems of cell signaling ultimately help to correct of things. and cancer metastasis. neurological problems that [COVER STORY] lead to schizophrenia and other disorders. VISIT THE BULLETIN ONLINE FOR ADDITIONAL CONTENT AND ADDED FEATURES: www.hhmi.org/bulletin COVER IMAGE: JOSH COCHRAN contributors Josh CoChran grew up in Taiwan, Canada, and the united States. You can find his artwork in galleries across the States as well as overseas in Copenhagen and Berlin. Various clients also (1) commission his work, including The New York Times, The Discovery Channel, Metropolis, Beau- tiful/Decay, and Pepsi. Cochran lives in Brooklyn with his wife and small dog Porkchop. (1) Formerly an intern at HHMI, BenJamin Lester is now a crew member aboard the freedom schooner Amistad, somewhere off the eastern coast of the united States. When he’s not sing- ing sea shanties, Lester is an itinerant science writer whose work has appeared in Science and Cosmos magazines, as well as online. (2) (3) (2) Born and bred a farm boy in Dodge City, Kansas, Jeffrey Lamont Brown began his pro- fessional photography career with The Associated Press, documenting everything from turtle poaching to immigrant smuggling. Having since moved on to the relative safety of advertising photography, much to the pleasure of his wife and 4-year-old son, Brown now makes his home in San Diego, between travel assignments for clients around the world. (3) Freelancer eLizaBeth DeVita-raeBurn writes about science, culture, and society. She is author of The Empty Room, a memoir exploring sibling loss, and is working on a book with her (4) father, Dr. Vincent T. DeVita, on the war on cancer. She lives in New York with her husband, writer Paul Raeburn, and her son, Henry. (4) HHMI TRUSTEES HHMI OFFICERS & S E n ior a d v isors James A. Baker, III, Esq. Thomas R. Cech, Ph.D. / President Senior Partner / Baker & Botts Craig A. Alexander / V.P. & General Counsel Ambassador Charlene Barshefsky Peter J. Bruns, Ph.D. / V.P. for Grants & Special Programs Senior International Partner David A. Clayton, Ph.D. / V.P. for Research Operations WilmerHale Joseph D. Collins / V.P. for Information Technology Joseph L. Goldstein, M.D. Jack E. Dixon, Ph.D. / V.P. & Chief Scientific Officer Regental Professor & Chairman, Department of Molecular Genetics Joan S. Leonard, Esq. / Senior Counsel to the President University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas Avice A. Meehan / V.P. for Communications & Public Affairs Hanna H. Gray, Ph.D., Chairman Edward J. Palmerino / V.P. for Finance & Treasurer President Emeritus & Harry Pratt Judson Gerald M. Rubin, Ph.D. / V.P. & Director, Janelia Farm Research Campus Distinguished Service Professor of History Landis Zimmerman / V.P. & Chief Investment Officer The University of Chicago HHMI BULLETIn STaFF Garnett L. Keith Chairman / SeaBridge Investment Advisors, L.L.C. Mary Beth Gardiner / Editor Former Vice Chairman & Chief Investment Officer Cori Vanchieri / Story Editor The Prudential Insurance Company of America Jim Keeley / Science Editor Paul Nurse, F.R.S. Patricia Foster / Associate Director of Communications President / The Rockefeller University for Web & Special Projects Kurt L. Schmoke, Esq. Sarah C.P. Williams / Assistant Editor Dean / Howard University School of Law Dean Trackman, Maya Pines / Contributing Editors ADDITIoNAL CoNTRIBuToRS Anne M. Tatlock Director, Retired Chairman & CEO Laura Bonetta, Cay Butler, Michelle Cissell, Mark Farrell, Fiduciary Trust Company International Nicole Kresge, Steven Marcus, Heather McDonald, Jennifer Michalowski VSA Partners, NYC / Concept & Design Telephone (301) 215.8855 • Fax (301) 215.8863 • www.hhmi.org ©2008 Howard Hughes Medical Institute The opinions, beliefs, and viewpoints expressed by authors in the HHMI Bulletin do not necessarily reflect the opinions, beliefs, viewpoints, or official policies of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. Josh Cochran, Benjamin Josh Lester, Lamont Jeffrey Coughlin Brown, Paul 2 HHMI BULLETIN | August 2oo8 president’s letter Interconnected SCIENTISTS ARE ACCOMPLISHED NEOLOGISTS: MAKERS OF new words, inventors of new usages for old words, creators of special- ized vocabularies. One might even say that scientists tend toward neophilia—defined by our friends at the Oxford English Dictionary as a love for, or great interest in, what is new. Take some of the “newest” additions to the scientific lexicon. Writing in The Scientist some years ago, the late Joshua Lederberg and linguist Alexa T. McCray sought the origins of -ome and -omics, suffixes of choice in contemporary biology. The term “genomics” may have arisen in the 1970s, but Lederberg and McCray turned to Sanskrit and Greek to understand the holistic meaning of -ome, noting that the Sanskrit syllable Om “encompasses the entire universe “The HHMI community overlaps with in its unlimitedness” and that the Greek letter omega is “the greatest other networks of researchers in this and very last character” of the alphabet, the symbolic last word. country and around the world—what So it is with some trepidation that this issue of the HHMI Bulletin introduces a graphical “interactome” that illustrates the intercon- you might describe as a human interac- nected research interests of the 56 scientists recently selected as new tome seeking to unravel the mysteries HHMI investigators (see page 20).
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