Ak-47 1 Ak-47

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Ak-47 1 Ak-47 AK-47 1 AK-47 AK-47 Un AK-47, con cargadores y munición. Tipo Fusil de asalto País de origen Unión Soviética Historia de servicio En servicio 1949 – presente Operadores Unión Soviética y otros Guerras Muchas desde 1949 Historia de producción Diseñada 1947 Fabricante Izhevsk Mechanical Works Producida 1949 – presente Cantidad Más de 100 millones Variantes AKS, AKM, AKMS, RPK, Tipo 56, Tipo 58, Rk-62, AK-74, INSAS, AK-101, AK-102, AK-103, AK-107, AK-108 etc. Especificaciones Peso 4,3 kg (descargado) Longitud 870 mm Longitud del cañón 415 mm Munición 7,62 x 39 mm .22 long rifle (Réplica deportiva) Calibre 7,62 mm .22 (5,5 mm) Réplica deportiva Sistema de disparo recarga accionada por gas, cerrojo rotativo Cadencia de tiro 600 disparos por minuto (automático) Alcance efectivo 400 m Cargador extraíble curvo, de 30 balas; compatible con el cargador curvo de 40 balas de la RPK tambor de 75 balas AK-47 2 El AK-47, acrónimo de Avtomat Kalashnikova modelo 1947 (del ruso Автомат Калашникова образца 1947 года), es un fusil de asalto soviético diseñado en 1942 por Mijaíl Kaláshnikov, combatiente ruso durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Convertido en el rifle oficial de la URSS entre 1947 y 1978, actualmente es el arma de fuego más utilizada del mundo. En 1949 el Ejército Rojo lo adoptó como arma principal de la infantería, sustituyendo al subfusil PPSh-41, aunque no fue hasta 1954 cuando entró en servicio a gran escala. Posteriormente fue elegida por los países del bloque oriental en el Pacto de Varsovia como arma reglamentaria para sus ejércitos durante la Guerra Fría. Historia Mihail Timofeyevich Kaláshnikov, siendo militar, combatió en la Segunda Guerra Mundial contra la Alemania nazi, en la cual fue herido gravemente en un brazo por una bomba. Durante su estancia en el hospital se inspiró para crear una nueva arma, ya que las anticuadas carabinas soviéticas eran de difícil uso y presentaban distintas complicaciones para los soldados del Ejército Rojo. Así, Kaláshnikov creó la Avtomat-Kalashnikov, AK-1, que forma el acrónimo AK-47. Debido a su excelente desempeño, el AK-47 se convirtió en la espina dorsal del Ejército Rojo. El fusil fue mejorado, apareciendo varias versiones como el AKM, PA M1986, RPK, Tipo 56, Tipo 58, y varios constructores de armas se inspiraron en su diseño y la modificaron o tomaron parte de sus mecanismos y crearon nuevos fusiles en base a éste como el Rk-62, AK-74, RPK-74, AK-103, IMI Galil, el INSAS, entre otras muchas. En 1943 Kalashnikov creó un fusil de calibre 7,62 x 39 mm, pero su prototipo no fue elegido para servir al ejército ruso; se dice que tuvo que rediseñarlo adquiriendo conocimientos del estudio del los fusiles alemanes Stg-44, aunque sus mecanismos son muy distintos. Por este motivo, algunos autores opinan que muchas armas modernas, como el M16 y el propio AK-47 han recogido del Sturmgewehr 44 Stg-44 muchas soluciones técnicas, y deben a este modelo su existencia; si bien este hecho es discutido, pues todos los sistemas empleados en el Stg-44 (cargadores curvos, fabricación en chapa estampada, sistema de acerrojamiento por rodillos semirrigidos, culata plegable, etc), ya existían en diversas armas anteriores. Al poco tiempo de su creación, el AK-47 se convirtió en el arma más popular entre los militantes guerrilleros de índole marxista, y en el arma principal de los ejércitos de los países firmantes del Pacto de Varsovia. Gracias a que los materiales y la construcción de la AK-47 son de bajo costo, se ha convertido en el arma más numerosa del planeta. Se calcula que existen entre 35 y 50 millones de fusiles de este tipo, sin contar los que se fabrican ilegalmente cada año. Es producida por 18 países, Estos son: Albania, China, Bulgaria, la extinta Alemania Oriental, Hungría, Egipto, Irak, India, Irán, Marruecos, Finlandia, Corea del Norte, Vietnam, Yugoslavia (actualmente Serbia), Pakistán, Polonia y Rumanía, y de manera privada para uso deportivo y de colección, por empresas en EE.UU..[1] El AK-47 se sigue usando en conflictos armados de segundo rango y por multitud de grupos rebeldes y terroristas. También se usó en el golpe de estado que dio en Sierra Leona (África) el F.R.U y en la posterior guerra civil, tanto por las fuerzas del [[F.R.U]] como por las fuerzas de la ONU, formadas por tropas nigerianas del ECOMOG. Se empleó tanto el modelo normal como el AK-47S. AK-47 3 Características Lo que hace peculiar a este fusil de asalto es su ingenioso sistema de recarga de cartuchos, que utiliza la fuerza de los gases de combustión producidos por el disparo para facilitar la colocación de un nuevo cartucho en la recámara del arma y expulsar el casquillo ya utilizado. En este sistema, el suministro de fuerza para el funcionamiento del arma se realiza mediante la toma de una pequeña cantidad de los gases impulsores del disparo anterior, una vez que la bala ha pasado hacia la boca. Este gas se dirige hacia una toma, a través de la cual entra en el tubo de gas del arma: allí empuja un pistón que se halla conectado al cerrojo y a su dispositivo de cierre. Primero abre el cerrojo y luego lo empuja hacia atrás. Después, un muelle recuperador ejerce esta acción hacia delante para repetir el ciclo. Esto hace que el arma tenga un menor retroceso y que por tanto la fiabilidad en el disparo sea mayor. Su cargador curvado, que le confiere una mayor capacidad en un espacio menor, es también signo distintivo de este fusil de asalto. Los cargadores del AK y sus derivados se hacen de aluminio y plástico, para acelerar y abaratar el tiempo de fabricación. El AK-47 es famoso por su gran fiabilidad, ya que soporta condiciones atmosféricas muy desfavorables sin ningún incidente. Se ha probado que el arma sigue disparando a pesar de ser lanzada al barro, sumergida en agua y atropellada por una camioneta Hummer en el programa transmitido por el Discovery Channel "lo máximo".[2] Ejemplares viejos con decenas de años de servicio activo no presentan ningún problema; es un arma muy segura y permite alcanzar un blanco a 285 metros de distancia, según el fabricante, ya que fue diseñada según las experiencias de la segunda guerra mundial, y se entendía que todos los combates se producían a menos de esa distancia. Existen informes de la Guerra de Vietnam donde soldados estadounidenses abandonaban sus M16 por el fusil de asalto norvietnamita,[3] debido al constante encasquillamiento de sus fusiles y al hecho de que esta arma era más corta y fácil de operar en la selva. La doctrina norvietnamita no requería de combates a distancia, sino de asaltos de 100 a 50 metros, e incluso menos, para inutilizar las ventajas de tiro del fusil occidental, que aunque era más moderno, también era menos útil en el campo de batalla.[4] Esto se publicó en la revista estadounidense Life del 23 de junio de 1967, en cuya portada, con el pie "Wrap-up of the astounding war", aparecía la imagen del soldado israelí Mayor General Yossi Ben Hanan en el Canal de Suez con el agua a la altura del pecho, sonriendo al fotógrafo y sosteniendo sobre su cabeza el fusil AK-47.[5] Sin embargo, esta práctica de utilizar el AK-47 fue prohibida por los oficiales, debido a que los soldados que capturaban el fusil atraían el fuego amigo a causa del característico sonido del arma. En cambio, sí rindieron fruto los fusiles capturados y usados por grupos de comandos detrás de las líneas norvietnamitas, que se confundían en las emboscadas por el mismo sonido del fusil. Aunque no todo eras glorias para el fusil ruso: su gran selector de tiro (generalmente puesto en fuego automático) hacía un ruido característico que seguramente costó la vida de más de un guerrillero del vietcong al cambiar de la posición seguro a automático en distancias cortas, llegando el sonido a oídos de los soldados estadounidenses.[6] Posteriormente se crearon nuevos modelos, incluida una versión modernizada conocida como AKM, o de asalto con culata plegable (AKMS), especialmente concebida para paracaidistas, y cuyo peso era de 3,14 kg. En 1974 aparece una nueva versión: el AK-74. Fabricado en un calibre menor, de 5,45 x 45 mm, el AK-74 cuenta también con una versión corta para operaciones especiales: el AK-74U, también en calibre 5,45 x 39. Esta versión ha sido fabricada por varios países, entre ellos China, Corea del Norte, Finlandia, Egipto, países del anterior Pacto de Varsovia e incluso se han encontrado modelos fabricados por tribus de Pakistán. La versión norcoreana es más larga, la checoslovaca es más ligera. El AK es una de las armas más solicitadas para combate irregular. Se ha convertido en símbolo de la insurrección popular y es usada por numerosos grupos insurgentes, ejércitos rebeldes, organizaciones terroristas y estados dictatoriales. Esto es debido a su fácil manejo, bajo precio y casi nulo mantenimiento. El acceso a esta arma es sencillo, por lo que se la puede encontrar también en ejércitos legítimos.[2] La amplia disponibilidad del AK-47 y sus variantes es un legado de la Guerra Fría. Su producción fue, en un principio, promovida por el gobierno ruso entre sus aliados, pero hubo escasos o incluso nulos controles sobre los AK-47 4 acuerdos de producción. Millones de AK-47 fueron también suministrados a algunos regímenes durante ese periodo y todavía están en circulación.[7] Cabe destacar que el AK-47 ha sido la base para desarrollar diversas armas distintas, tales como la ametralladora ligera RPK, el fusil IMI Galil, el Rk-62, el INSAS, el M76 y el Tipo 86s entre otras.
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