DOCSLIB.ORG

The Nervous System Is

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Nervous System Is 5/4/2017 1. Which body system controls everything in the body? A. Circulatory System B. Respiratory System C. Nervous System D. Digestive System 0 0 0 0 Nervous System Digestive System Circulatory SystemRespiratory System Nervous System 10 5 The Nervous system is: • The system that is made up of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. • Regulates everything in the body. • Divided into 2 parts –CNS – Central Nervous System –PNS – Peripheral Nervous System Nervous System 6 1 5/4/2017 The Nervous System Divided into 2 parts CNS PNS Central Peripheral Nervous Nervous System System Nervous System 7 2. A neuron is: A. A nerve. B. A nervous system cell. C. A bundle of nerves. D. Another name for the brain. 0 0 0 0 Response A nerve. A bundle of nerves. A nervous system cell. Another name for the brain. Nervous System 810 2 5/4/2017 h. Neurons? •Nerve Cells •Specialized cells that make up the nervous system. Nerve cells of the central nervous system (CNS) do not. Nervous System 9 3. The long strand of nerves that runs through the backbone and connects with the brain. A. Neurons B. Nerves C. Spinal cord D. Spinal nerves E. Brain 0 0 0 0 0 Brain Nerves Neurons Spinal cord Nervous System 1010 3 5/4/2017 e. The Spinal Cord • Part of the CNS • Made of neuron bundles associated with particular muscles, organs, & functions. • Carry messages from the body to the brain and brain to the body. Nervous System 11 4. When the spinal cord is severed, cut, the person is paralyzed from that point and down. A. True B. False 0 0 Response True False Nervous System 1012 4 5/4/2017 5. The spinal cord is protected by : A. The skull B. The muscles. C. The tendons. D. The back bone. E. The skin. 0 0 0 0 0 The skull The skin. The muscles. The tendons. The back bone. Nervous System 1310 g. Backbone • A column of bones that protects the spinal cord. Nervous System 14 5 5/4/2017 Nervous System 15 6. The job of the skull is to: A. Produce brain cells. B. Protect our head. C. Protect our brain. D. Protect the entire nervous system. 0 0 0 0 Non-Response Protect our head.Protect our brain. Produce brain cells. Protect the entire nervou... Nervous System 1016 6 5/4/2017 7. The human brain weighs about: A. 1 pound B. 3 pounds C. 5 pounds 0 0 0 Response 1 pound 3 pounds 5 pounds Nervous System 1018 8. The parts of the brain that have specific functions are called: A. Hemispheres B. Zones C. Lobes 0 0 0 Response Zones Lobes Hemispheres Nervous System 1019 7 5/4/2017 d. What is the Brain? •Largest part of the nervous system. •Regulates the body. •Each side consists of the same lobes but does not have the same functions. Nervous System 20 9. Identify the 3 parts of the brain. A. Skull B. Cerebrum C. Spinal cord D. Cerebellum E. Backbone F. Neurons Response G. Brainstem 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Skull Neurons Cerebrum Backbone Spinal cord Cerebellum Brainstem 5/4/2017 Nervous System 1021 8 5/4/2017 The 3 parts of the brain …. a. Cerebrum b. Cerebellum c. Brain stem 5/4/2017 Nervous System 22 10. Which part of the brain controls balance, posture, and coordination? A. Cerebellum B. Brain stem C. Cerebrum HINT** This name means “little brain.” 0 0 0 Cerebrum Cerebellum Brain stem 5/4/2017 Nervous System 2310 9 5/4/2017 b. Cerebellum •Controls balance, posture, and coordination. 5/4/2017 Nervous System 24 11. Which part of the brain controls heartbeat, breathing, blood pressure, & digestion? A. Cerebellum B. Brain stem C. Cerebrum 0 0 0 Cerebrum Cerebellum Brain stem 5/4/2017 Nervous System 2510 10 5/4/2017 c. Brain stem •Controls vital body actions like •heartbeat, •breathing, •blood pressure, •digestions… 5/4/2017 Nervous System 26 12. Which part of the brain controls reading, writing, and listening? A. Cerebellum B. Brain stem C. Cerebrum 0 0 0 Cerebrum Cerebellum Brain stem 5/4/2017 Nervous System 2710 11 5/4/2017 a. Cerebrum •Largest part of the brain. •Controls senses, reading, thinking, speech, and movement. 5/4/2017 Nervous System 28 13. The job of the brain is to: A. Control the heart and breathing. B. Control our balance. C. Remember to do our homework. D. Gives us the ability to read, write, speak, listen, and learn. E. All of the above. 0 0 0 0 0 All of the above. Control our balance. Control the heart and b...Remember toGives do our us theh... ability to re... Nervous System 2910 12 .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Baseline Structure of the Enteric Nervous System and Its Role in Parkinson’S Disease
    life Review The Baseline Structure of the Enteric Nervous System and Its Role in Parkinson’s Disease Gianfranco Natale 1,2,* , Larisa Ryskalin 1 , Gabriele Morucci 1 , Gloria Lazzeri 1, Alessandro Frati 3,4 and Francesco Fornai 1,4 1 Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; [email protected] (L.R.); [email protected] (G.M.); [email protected] (G.L.); [email protected] (F.F.) 2 Museum of Human Anatomy “Filippo Civinini”, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy 3 Neurosurgery Division, Human Neurosciences Department, Sapienza University of Rome, 00135 Rome, Italy; [email protected] 4 Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (I.R.C.C.S.) Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is provided with a peculiar nervous network, known as the enteric nervous system (ENS), which is dedicated to the fine control of digestive functions. This forms a complex network, which includes several types of neurons, as well as glial cells. Despite extensive studies, a comprehensive classification of these neurons is still lacking. The complexity of ENS is magnified by a multiple control of the central nervous system, and bidirectional communication between various central nervous areas and the gut occurs. This lends substance to the complexity of the microbiota–gut–brain axis, which represents the network governing homeostasis through nervous, endocrine, immune, and metabolic pathways. The present manuscript is dedicated to Citation: Natale, G.; Ryskalin, L.; identifying various neuronal cytotypes belonging to ENS in baseline conditions.
    [Show full text]
  • Distance Learning Program Anatomy of the Human Brain/Sheep Brain Dissection
    Distance Learning Program Anatomy of the Human Brain/Sheep Brain Dissection This guide is for middle and high school students participating in AIMS Anatomy of the Human Brain and Sheep Brain Dissections. Programs will be presented by an AIMS Anatomy Specialist. In this activity students will become more familiar with the anatomical structures of the human brain by observing, studying, and examining human specimens. The primary focus is on the anatomy, function, and pathology. Those students participating in Sheep Brain Dissections will have the opportunity to dissect and compare anatomical structures. At the end of this document, you will find anatomical diagrams, vocabulary review, and pre/post tests for your students. The following topics will be covered: 1. The neurons and supporting cells of the nervous system 2. Organization of the nervous system (the central and peripheral nervous systems) 4. Protective coverings of the brain 5. Brain Anatomy, including cerebral hemispheres, cerebellum and brain stem 6. Spinal Cord Anatomy 7. Cranial and spinal nerves Objectives: The student will be able to: 1. Define the selected terms associated with the human brain and spinal cord; 2. Identify the protective structures of the brain; 3. Identify the four lobes of the brain; 4. Explain the correlation between brain surface area, structure and brain function. 5. Discuss common neurological disorders and treatments. 6. Describe the effects of drug and alcohol on the brain. 7. Correctly label a diagram of the human brain National Science Education
    [Show full text]
  • Neural Control of Movement: Motor Neuron Subtypes, Proprioception and Recurrent Inhibition
    List of Papers This thesis is based on the following papers, which are referred to in the text by their Roman numerals. I Enjin A, Rabe N, Nakanishi ST, Vallstedt A, Gezelius H, Mem- ic F, Lind M, Hjalt T, Tourtellotte WG, Bruder C, Eichele G, Whelan PJ, Kullander K (2010) Identification of novel spinal cholinergic genetic subtypes disclose Chodl and Pitx2 as mark- ers for fast motor neurons and partition cells. J Comp Neurol 518:2284-2304. II Wootz H, Enjin A, Wallen-Mackenzie Å, Lindholm D, Kul- lander K (2010) Reduced VGLUT2 expression increases motor neuron viability in Sod1G93A mice. Neurobiol Dis 37:58-66 III Enjin A, Leao KE, Mikulovic S, Le Merre P, Tourtellotte WG, Kullander K. 5-ht1d marks gamma motor neurons and regulates development of sensorimotor connections Manuscript IV Enjin A, Leao KE, Eriksson A, Larhammar M, Gezelius H, Lamotte d’Incamps B, Nagaraja C, Kullander K. Development of spinal motor circuits in the absence of VIAAT-mediated Renshaw cell signaling Manuscript Reprints were made with permission from the respective publishers. Cover illustration Carousel by Sasha Svensson Contents Introduction.....................................................................................................9 Background...................................................................................................11 Neural control of movement.....................................................................11 The motor neuron.....................................................................................12 Organization
    [Show full text]
  • Power Wheelchair Alternative Drive Controls in Spinal Cord Injury
    Power Wheelchair Alternative Drive Controls in Spinal Cord Injury Kristen Cezat, PT, DPT, NCS, ATP/SMS When a person with a spinal cord injury is unable to use a standard joystick on a Fact Sheet power wheelchair, an alternative drive control and location is required. Depending on the person’s level of injury and musculature that remains innervated, the more common locations of alternative drive control input devices include the head, neck, face, eyes, and tongue. A proportional drive control allows the wheelchair’s speed/direction to mirror the force/direction applied to the input device by the user, most often through a joystick. Proportional drive control options include1: • Standard Joystick: able to move in any direction at any speed. It is often the most intuitive device for adults with injuries at C5 and below. Joysticks are commonly located on either left or right arm rest but can be altered for Produced by location in midline if spasticity or contracture limits neutral shoulder/elbow alignment. • Alternative Joystick (often set at the user’s chin): joysticks vary in size and require less force and deflection to activate the joystick.1 air Drive ControlA non -Optionsproportional drive for control Clients uses commands with to turn on/offSpinal various functionsCord such as direction (forward, back, left, or right) of the wheelchair. Speed is predetermined and not variable to the strength of the command provided. Non- Injury proportional drive controls include1,2: a Special Interest • Sip-and-Puff Group of • Head Array • Head Array/Sip-and-Puff Combo Non-proportional drive controls can be either momentary or latched.
    [Show full text]
  • Basic Brain Anatomy
    Chapter 2 Basic Brain Anatomy Where this icon appears, visit The Brain http://go.jblearning.com/ManascoCWS to view the corresponding video. The average weight of an adult human brain is about 3 pounds. That is about the weight of a single small To understand how a part of the brain is disordered by cantaloupe or six grapefruits. If a human brain was damage or disease, speech-language pathologists must placed on a tray, it would look like a pretty unim- first know a few facts about the anatomy of the brain pressive mass of gray lumpy tissue (Luria, 1973). In in general and how a normal and healthy brain func- fact, for most of history the brain was thought to be tions. Readers can use the anatomy presented here as an utterly useless piece of flesh housed in the skull. a reference, review, and jumping off point to under- The Egyptians believed that the heart was the seat standing the consequences of damage to the structures of human intelligence, and as such, the brain was discussed. This chapter begins with the big picture promptly removed during mummification. In his and works down into the specifics of brain anatomy. essay On Sleep and Sleeplessness, Aristotle argued that the brain is a complex cooling mechanism for our bodies that works primarily to help cool and The Central Nervous condense water vapors rising in our bodies (Aristo- tle, republished 2011). He also established a strong System argument in this same essay for why infants should not drink wine. The basis for this argument was that The nervous system is divided into two major sec- infants already have Central nervous tions: the central nervous system and the peripheral too much moisture system The brain and nervous system.
    [Show full text]
  • Study Guide Medical Terminology by Thea Liza Batan About the Author
    Study Guide Medical Terminology By Thea Liza Batan About the Author Thea Liza Batan earned a Master of Science in Nursing Administration in 2007 from Xavier University in Cincinnati, Ohio. She has worked as a staff nurse, nurse instructor, and level department head. She currently works as a simulation coordinator and a free- lance writer specializing in nursing and healthcare. All terms mentioned in this text that are known to be trademarks or service marks have been appropriately capitalized. Use of a term in this text shouldn’t be regarded as affecting the validity of any trademark or service mark. Copyright © 2017 by Penn Foster, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of the material protected by this copyright may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the copyright owner. Requests for permission to make copies of any part of the work should be mailed to Copyright Permissions, Penn Foster, 925 Oak Street, Scranton, Pennsylvania 18515. Printed in the United States of America CONTENTS INSTRUCTIONS 1 READING ASSIGNMENTS 3 LESSON 1: THE FUNDAMENTALS OF MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY 5 LESSON 2: DIAGNOSIS, INTERVENTION, AND HUMAN BODY TERMS 28 LESSON 3: MUSCULOSKELETAL, CIRCULATORY, AND RESPIRATORY SYSTEM TERMS 44 LESSON 4: DIGESTIVE, URINARY, AND REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM TERMS 69 LESSON 5: INTEGUMENTARY, NERVOUS, AND ENDOCRINE S YSTEM TERMS 96 SELF-CHECK ANSWERS 134 © PENN FOSTER, INC. 2017 MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY PAGE III Contents INSTRUCTIONS INTRODUCTION Welcome to your course on medical terminology. You’re taking this course because you’re most likely interested in pursuing a health and science career, which entails ­proficiency­in­communicating­with­healthcare­professionals­such­as­physicians,­nurses,­ or dentists.
    [Show full text]
  • The Enteric Nervous System: a Second Brain
    The Enteric Nervous System: A Second Brain MICHAEL D. GERSHON Columbia University Once dismissed as a simple collection of relay ganglia, the enteric nervous system is now recognized as a complex, integrative brain in its own right. Although we still are unable to relate complex behaviors such as gut motility and secretion to the activity of individual neurons, work in that area is proceeding briskly--and will lead to rapid advances in the management of functional bowel disease. Dr. Gershon is Professor and Chair, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York. In addition to numerous scientific publications, he is the author of The Second Brain (Harper Collins, New York, 1998). Structurally and neurochemically, the enteric nervous system (ENS) is a brain unto itself. Within those yards of tubing lies a complex web of microcircuitry driven by more neurotransmitters and neuromodulators than can be found anywhere else in the peripheral nervous system. These allow the ENS to perform many of its tasks in the absence of central nervous system (CNS) control--a unique endowment that has permitted enteric neurobiologists to investigate nerve cell ontogeny and chemical mediation of reflex behavior in a laboratory setting. Recognition of the importance of this work as a basis for developing effective therapies for functional bowel disease, coupled with the recent, unexpected discovery of major enteric defects following the knockout of murine genes not previously known to affect the gut, has produced a groundswell of interest that has attracted some of the best investigators to the field. Add to this that the ENS provides the closest thing we have to a window on the brain, and one begins to understand why the bowel--the second brain--is finally receiving the attention it deserves.
    [Show full text]
  • The Remarkable, Yet Not Extraordinary, Human Brain As a Scaled-Up Primate Brain and Its Associated Cost
    The remarkable, yet not extraordinary, human brain as a scaled-up primate brain and its associated cost Suzana Herculano-Houzel1 Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; and Instituto Nacional de Neurociência Translacional, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia/Ministério de Ciência e Tecnologia, 04023-900, Sao Paulo, Brazil Edited by Francisco J. Ayala, University of California, Irvine, CA, and approved April 12, 2012 (received for review February 29, 2012) Neuroscientists have become used to a number of “facts” about the The incongruity between our extraordinary cognitive abilities human brain: It has 100 billion neurons and 10- to 50-fold more glial and our not-that-extraordinary brain size has been the major cells; it is the largest-than-expected for its body among primates driving factor behind the idea that the human brain is an outlier, and mammals in general, and therefore the most cognitively able; an exception to the rules that have applied to the evolution of all it consumes an outstanding 20% of the total body energy budget other animals and brains. A largely accepted alternative expla- despite representing only 2% of body mass because of an increased nation for our cognitive superiority over other mammals has been metabolic need of its neurons; and it is endowed with an overde- our extraordinary brain size compared with our body size, that is, veloped cerebral cortex, the largest compared with brain size. our large encephalization quotient (8). Compared
    [Show full text]
  • Are Astrocytes Executive Cells Within the Central Nervous System? ¿Son Los Astrocitos Células Ejecutivas Dentro Del Sistema Nervioso Central? Roberto E
    DOI: 10.1590/0004-282X20160101 VIEW AND REVIEW Are astrocytes executive cells within the central nervous system? ¿Son los astrocitos células ejecutivas dentro del Sistema Nervioso Central? Roberto E. Sica1, Roberto Caccuri1, Cecilia Quarracino1, Francisco Capani1 ABSTRACT Experimental evidence suggests that astrocytes play a crucial role in the physiology of the central nervous system (CNS) by modulating synaptic activity and plasticity. Based on what is currently known we postulate that astrocytes are fundamental, along with neurons, for the information processing that takes place within the CNS. On the other hand, experimental findings and human observations signal that some of the primary degenerative diseases of the CNS, like frontotemporal dementia, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s dementia, Huntington’s dementia, primary cerebellar ataxias and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, all of which affect the human species exclusively, may be due to astroglial dysfunction. This hypothesis is supported by observations that demonstrated that the killing of neurons by non-neural cells plays a major role in the pathogenesis of those diseases, at both their onset and their progression. Furthermore, recent findings suggest that astrocytes might be involved in the pathogenesis of some psychiatric disorders as well. Keywords: astrocytes; physiology; central nervous system; neurodegenerative diseases. RESUMEN Evidencias experimentales sugieren que los astrocitos desempeñan un rol crucial en la fisiología del sistema nervioso central (SNC) modulando la actividad y plasticidad sináptica. En base a lo actualmente conocido creemos que los astrocitos participan, en pie de igualdad con las neuronas, en los procesos de información del SNC. Además, observaciones experimentales y humanas encontraron que algunas de las enfermedades degenerativas primarias del SNC: la demencia fronto-temporal; las enfermedades de Parkinson, de Alzheimer, y de Huntington, las ataxias cerebelosas primarias y la esclerosis lateral amiotrófica, que afectan solo a los humanos, pueden deberse a astroglíopatía.
    [Show full text]
  • Neurogenic Erectile Dysfunction. Where Do We Stand?
    medicines Review Neurogenic Erectile Dysfunction. Where Do We Stand? Charalampos Thomas 1,* and Charalampos Konstantinidis 2 1 Urology Department, General Hospital of Corinth, 20131 Corinth, Greece 2 Urology & Neurourology Unit, National Rehabilitation Center, Ilion, 13122 Athens, Greece; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Erectile Dysfunction (ED) is the persistent inability to attain and maintain an erection sufficient to permit satisfactory sexual performance, causing tremendous effects on both patients and their partners. The pathophysiology of ED remains a labyrinth. The underlying mechanisms of ED may be vasculogenic, neurogenic, anatomical, hormonal, drug-induced and/or psychogenic. Neurogenic ED consists of a large cohort of ED, accounting for about 10% to 19% of all cases. Its diversity does not allow an in-depth clarification of all the underlying mechanisms nor a “one size fits all” therapeutical approach. In this review, we focus on neurogenic causes of ED, trying to elucidate the mechanisms that lie beneath it and how we manage these patients. Keywords: erectile dysfunction (ED); neurogenic; sexual dysfunction (SD); phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitors (PDE5I); spinal cord injury (SCI); multiple sclerosis (MS) 1. Introduction Erectile dysfunction (ED) is defined as the persistent inability to attain and maintain an erection sufficient to permit satisfactory sexual performance [1]. Besides the obvious, it has tremendous effects on the patient’s psychosocial health, and it affects not only their quality of life but the lives of their partners [2]. Citation: Thomas, C.; Konstantinidis, The pathophysiology of ED remains a labyrinth since many pathways can co-exist, C. Neurogenic Erectile Dysfunction. thus contributing negatively. Where Do We Stand? Medicines 2021, Traditionally ED was divided into three large cohorts, organic, psychogenic and of 8, 3.
    [Show full text]
  • 11 Introduction to the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue
    11 Introduction to the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue ou can’t turn on the television or radio, much less go online, without seeing some- 11.1 Overview of the Nervous thing to remind you of the nervous system. From advertisements for medications System 381 Yto treat depression and other psychiatric conditions to stories about celebrities and 11.2 Nervous Tissue 384 their battles with illegal drugs, information about the nervous system is everywhere in 11.3 Electrophysiology our popular culture. And there is good reason for this—the nervous system controls our of Neurons 393 perception and experience of the world. In addition, it directs voluntary movement, and 11.4 Neuronal Synapses 406 is the seat of our consciousness, personality, and learning and memory. Along with the 11.5 Neurotransmitters 413 endocrine system, the nervous system regulates many aspects of homeostasis, including 11.6 Functional Groups respiratory rate, blood pressure, body temperature, the sleep/wake cycle, and blood pH. of Neurons 417 In this chapter we introduce the multitasking nervous system and its basic functions and divisions. We then examine the structure and physiology of the main tissue of the nervous system: nervous tissue. As you read, notice that many of the same principles you discovered in the muscle tissue chapter (see Chapter 10) apply here as well. MODULE 11.1 Overview of the Nervous System Learning Outcomes 1. Describe the major functions of the nervous system. 2. Describe the structures and basic functions of each organ of the central and peripheral nervous systems. 3. Explain the major differences between the two functional divisions of the peripheral nervous system.
    [Show full text]
  • Neuroscience: Systems, Behavior & Plasticity 1
    Neuroscience: Systems, Behavior & Plasticity 1 Neuroscience: Systems, Behavior & Plasticity Debra Bangasser, Director 873 Weiss Hall 215-204-1015 [email protected] Rebecca Brotschul, Program Coordinator 618 Weiss Hall 215-204-3441 [email protected] https://liberalarts.temple.edu/departments-and-programs/neuroscience/ A major in Neuroscience enables students to pursue a curriculum in several departments, colleges, and schools at Temple University in one of the most dynamic areas of science. Neuroscience is an interdisciplinary field addressing neural and brain function at multiple levels. It encompasses a broad domain that ranges from molecular genetics and neural development, to brain processes involved in cognition and emotion, to mechanisms and consequences of neurodegenerative disease. The field of neuroscience also includes mathematical and physical principles involved in modeling neural systems and in brain imaging. The undergraduate, interdisciplinary Neuroscience Major will culminate in a Bachelor of Science degree. Many high-level career options within and outside of the field of neuroscience are open to students with this major. This is a popular major with students aiming for professional careers in the health sciences such as in medicine, dentistry, pharmacy, physical and occupational therapy, and veterinary science. Students interested in graduate school in biology, chemistry, communications science, neuroscience, or psychology are also likely to find the Neuroscience Major attractive. Neuroscience Accelerated +1 Bachelor of Science / Master of Science Program The accelerated +1 Bachelor of Science / Master of Science in Neuroscience: Systems, Behavior and Plasticity program offers outstanding Temple University Neuroscience majors the opportunity to earn both the BS and MS in Neuroscience in just 5 years.
    [Show full text]