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The Cereals Sector in Bosnia and Herzegovina Sector the Cereals This project is funded by the European Union Please address comments and inquiries to: Regional Offi ce for Europe and Central Asia Food and Agriculture Organiza on of the United Na ons (FAO) The Cereals Sector in Benczúr u. 34, 1068 Budapest, Hungary Telephone: (+36) 1 461 2000 Fax: (+36) 1 351 7029 Bosnia and Herzegovina Email: [email protected] Website: www.fao.org/europe/en Preparation of IPARD Sector Analyses in Bosnia and Herzegovina Electronic Version of the report: www.fao.org/europe.... 2012 The Cereals Sector in Bosnia and Herzegovina Sector The Cereals FAO Regional Offi ce for Europe and Central Asia 31 August 2012 FAO Regional Ofice for Europe and Central Asia The Cereals Sector in Bosnia and Herzegovina Prepara on of IPARD Sector Analyses in Bosnia and Herzegovina GCP/BIH/007/EC Contract number: 2010/256–560 Regional Offi ce for Europe and Central Asia Food and Agriculture Organiza on of the United Na ons This publica on has been produced with the assistance of the European Union. The contents of this publica on are the sole responsibility of the Regional Offi ce for Europe and Central Asia of the Food and Agriculture Organiza on of the United Na ons and can in no way be taken to refl ect the views of the European Union. The designa ons employed and the presenta on of material in this publica on do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organiza on of the United Na ons (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authori es, or concerning the delimita on of its fron ers or boundaries. The men on of specifi c companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not men oned. All rights reserved. FAO encourages reproduc on and dissemina on of material in this publica on. Non- commercial uses will be authorized free of charge. Reproduc on for resale or other commercial purposes, including educa onal purposes, may incur fees. Applica ons for permission to reproduce or disseminate FAO copyright materials and all other queries on rights and licences, should be addressed by e-mail to [email protected] or to the Chief, Publishing Policy and Support Branch, Offi ce of Knowledge Exchange, Research and Extension, FAO,Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153 Rome, Italy. © FAO 2012 Sektor žitarica u Bosni i Hercegovini Izvršni sažetak Distrikta Brčko, Poljoprivredni fakultet u Banjoj Luci i Sarajevu, Agencija za sta s ku Analiza sektora proizvodnje žitarica čini BiH i drugi. jednu od pet studija sektora u 2011. godini i predstavlja osnovu za razvoj Pred-pristupnog Nedostatak detaljnih informacija o izvedbi bio instrumenta EU-e za ruralni razvoj (IPARD). je i još je uvijek ozbiljna prepreka za efek van razvoj i provedbu poli ke sektora uzgoja žitarica. Glavni cilj izvještaja je da da sveobuhvatnu analizu stanja u zemljoradničkom sektoru u Ankete BiH, fokus izvještaja je sektor žitarica sa sa Učešće u terenskim anketama o mesu naglaskom na dvije osnovne žitarice : pšenicu i mliječnim proizvodima dalo je korisne i kukuruz, ali je takođe obraćena pažnja na : rezultate, jer mnogi poljoprivrednici koji ječam, raž i zob. Prema tome, ovaj izvještaj uzgajaju žitarice rade to da bi hranili svoje doprinosi analizi unutrašnjih jakih i slabih živo nje. Ti poljoprivrednici žele da im uzgoj strana kao i vanjskih mogućnos i prijetnji za živo nja bude unosan, i oni mogu indirektno ovaj sektor. U svjetlu potreba o problema u da uvid u proizvodnju žitarica. sektoru i predstojećih izazova, procijenjene su potrebe ulaganja i formulisane prepuruke Utvrđen je konzistentan nedostatak u smislu poli ka. Na ovaj način izvještaj pouzdanih informacija, naročito o tehničkom doprinosi formulaciji jednog broja mogućih i fi nansijskom aspektu rada poljoprivrednika. intervencija u odnosu na poli ku u sektoru Studija se bavila ovim nedostatkom kroz poljoprivrede i ruralnog razvoja u skladu s manje terenske ankete. Ukupno je ispitano potrebama razvoja ovog sektora. preko 130 poljoprivrednih dobara sa oko 2.500 ha obradive zemlje i pašnjaka, a rezulta Metodologija su integrisani u studiju o ovom sektoru; Ova studija daje pregled proizvodnje i prerade svrha je takođe bila da se dobije realna slika žitarica u BiH. Analiza je bazirana na sljedećim zemljoradničkog sektora – pored postojećih ak vnos ma: sta s čkih podataka i službenih izvještaja. Nadalje, korištene su procjene eksperata gdje Istraživanje i sta s ka god je to bilo potrebno. Proučavanje pisanih materijala Analiza slučaja Studija je počela pregledom postojećih Poljoprivredni fakulte u Banjoj Luci i Sarajevu izvještaja o poljoprivrednom sektoru u BiH uz uradili su analizu nekoliko pažljivo odabranih poseban osvrt na uzgoj žitarica. Vidi poglavlje slučajeva; analize slučaja su uključile detaljan o korištenoj literaturi i web stranicama. opis karakteris ka proizvoda (nivo tehnologije, oprema, umijeće, standardi kvaliteta, smetnje Sta s ka i slabe strane u lancu vrijednos ) različi h Ova studija se velikim dijelom oslanja proizvođača (naturalnih proizvođača, holdinga na ustanovljene podatke, zbog čega je i velikih korporacija) i prerađivača (malih i glavni izvor bilo Ministarstvo vanjske velikih) uz poš vanje standarda EU. trgovine i ekonomskih odnosa, Sektor Konsultacije sa ključnim akterima poljoprivrede, prehrane, šumarstva i ruralnog razvoja (MoFTER/ SAFFRD), Ministarstvo Obavljeni su razgovori sa ključnim akterima, a poljoprivrede, vodoprivrede i šumarstva to su između ostalih sljedeće ins tucije: FBiH, Ministarstvo poljorpivrede, šumarstva . Ministarstvo vanjske trgovine i ekonomskih i vodoprivrede RS, Odjel za poljoprivredu, odnosa, Sektor poljoprivrede, prehrane, vodoprivredu, šumarstvo i veterinarstvo šumarstva i ruralnog razvoja, . Ministarstvo poljoprivrede, vodoprivrede i Druge provedene ak vnos šumarstva FBiH Terenske posjete odabranim lokacijama na . Ministarstvo poljoprivrede, šumarstva i kojima će provedene mjere ima veliki u caj vodoprivrede RS, . Odjel za poljoprivredu, vodoprivredu, U septembru 2011. godine obavljena je šumarstvo i veterinarstvo Distrikta Brčko terenska posjeta najvažnijim područjima u BiH, od Banja Luke do Brčkog i Bijeljine. Poljoprivredni fakultet u Banjoj Luci . Poljoprivredni fakultet u Sarajevu Kontak sa drugim donatorima i NVO-a da bi . Agencija za sta s ku BiH se saznalo više („naučene lekcije”) . Poljoprivredni ins tut u Banjoj Luci . USAID & SIDA; Projekat unapređenja . Federalni zavod, propagandni materijal za poljoprivrednih tržišta (FARMA), g. Bruce sjeme i bilje /eng. Federal Ins tute Seed BROWER, CoP and Plant Propaga on Material/ . UGRIZ, Udruženja gradana za razvoj ruralne . Ostali informa cke zajednice u BiH Vrijedno je pomena da su na samom početku . AgrIng.ba, g. Besim Tabaković, dipl.ing. dogovoreni sastanci sa zvaničnim kontakt osobama u dva en tetska ministarstva u Generalni nalazi za razvoj sektora Banjoj Luci i Sarajevu i Odjelu za poljoprivredu, žitarica vodoprivredu, šumarstvo i veterinarstvo Proizvođači žitarica Distrikta Brčko da bi se saznalo više o ekonomskoj situaciji poljoprivrednika i Proizvođači žitarica u Bosni i Hercegovini prerađivača. Takođe je dat uvid u poli čku su poljoprivrednici, to su generalno mali situaciju u BiH koja je prilično kompleksna. poljoprivrednici i donekle poljoprivredne Radionice zadruge ili preduzeća. Značajan naglasak je stavljen na pribavljanje Mala poljoprivredna dobra – uz izuzetak mišljenja velikog broja aktera. Stoga, intenzivne proizvodnje povrća i voća – su uvijek organizovane su če ri radionice u Banjoj Luci i miješana poljoprivredna dobra jer površina Sarajevu, neposredni sastanci sa ins tucijama, u akrima ne dozvoljava dovoljan profi t i proizvođačima i prerađivačima. Tim studije prema tome, zemljoradnici su primorani na se sastao sa ukupno 100 poljoprivrednika, uzgoj stoke da bi povećali vrijednost svojih prerađivača, ins tucija i drugim akterima. proizvoda. Mnoga od ovih poljoprivrednih Prve dvije SWOT (Snage, Slabos , Mogućnos dobara služe samo u naturalne i polunaturalne i Prijetnje) radionice organizovane su u Banjoj svrhe, a na kraju višak proizvodnje šalju na Luci i Sarajevu u junu 2011. godine, gdje se tržište. Prema tome, oni često ne uzgajaju diskutovalo o širim javnim i drugim aspek ma kukuruz i pšenicu za tržište, nego za krmu za ratarskog sektora. Drugi krug radionica stoku kao i za ljudsku ishranu. Na primjer, od održan je na is m lokacijama u oktobru 2011. 70.000 poljoprivrednih dobara u RS-oj, 70% godine, a cilj je bio da se predoče zaključci (= 49.000) je uključeno u proizvodnju žitarica, analiza sektora i preliminarne preporuke za a njih 30% (= oko 15.000) proizvodi za tržište; moguće intervencije u pogledu poli ke, a ovo obuhvata do 20% svih poljoprivrednih istovremeno da se od aktera dobiju pouzdane dobara. povratne informacije o m zaključcima i Struktura proizvodnje preporukama; smatralo se veoma bitnim da akteri dobiju priliku da daju svoje komentare, Anketa koja je urađena u okviru ove analize a to su uveliko i radili; na primjer, eliminacijom pokazuje da prosječni zemljoradnici uzgoje sufi nansijske pomoći za obnovljivu energiju 2.88 ha ozime pšenice, 0.59 ha ječma, 0.64 kao što je biogorivo i biogas. ha tri cale (što je hibrid pšenice (Tri cum) i raži (Secale), 4.03 ha kukuruza, 1.27 ha soje . da bi proizveli krmu za upotrebu na i 0.04 ha suncokreta. Zanimljiv je podatak dobru; ovo je slučaj kod naturalnih da je tri cale popularniji od pšenice. poljoprivrednika sa ½ ha kukuruza kao i kod Konačno, samo 16 zemljoradnika proizvodi velikih poljoprivrednika; svi poljoprivrednici silažu kukuruza i oni imaju između 230 ha i imaju živo nje, mali ih imaju zato što je to 1 ha silaže, dok neki imaju između 230 i 15 dio njihove ishrane, a veliki zato što se tako ha, a druga grupa između 7 ha i 1 ha; ovo mogu bolje nosi s fl uktuacijama na tržištu pokazuje da silaža kukuruza još uvijek nije bilo da prodaju žitarice ili da tove živo nje rasprostranjena, dijelom zato što ne znaju m žitaricama kako, a dijelom zbog nedostatka teških .
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