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The Virginia Tech Transportation Institute 3 mission/vision statement (VTTI) conducts research to save lives, save time, save money, and protect the environment. Researchers and students from multiple fields vtti at a glance 4 are continuously developing the techniques and technologies to solve transportation challenges 6 institute infrastructure from vehicular, driver, infrastructure, and environmental perspectives. project highlights 10 24 Institute Organization sponsors, clients, partners 30 As one of seven premier research institutes 35 outreach and community engagement created by Virginia Tech to answer national challenges, VTTI has effected significant change media coverage 36 in public policies for driver, passenger, and pedestrian safety and is advancing the design of 38 presentations, honors, awards, Services vehicles and infrastructure to increase safety and reduce environmental impacts. publications 46 54 stakeholders

2 3 4 5 FACILITIES/EQUIPMENT

for precise vehicle locating; a signalized intersection with complete signal phase and timing control; a Institute wireless mesh network variable control system; and variable pole spacing designed to replicate 95 percent Infrastructure of national highway lighting systems. VTTI has an infrastructure worth more than $110 In 2014, VTTI partnered with VDOT to unveil the provides an automation-friendly environment that such disruptive technologies as automated and million that includes four test beds used extensively for Virginia Connected Corridors (VCC), which comprise government agencies, auto manufacturers, and connected vehicles, as well as big data analytics and real-world, impactful transportation research; more the Smart Road and Interstates 66 and 495, as well suppliers can use to test and certify their systems, transportation as a service. Current UTC projects than 90,000 square feet of building space located on- as U.S. 29 and U.S. 50 (one of the most congested providing a system migration path from test-track include identification of railroad requirements for site in Blacksburg, Va.; and more than 60 owned and corridors in the U.S.). The VCC is facilitating the real- to real-world operating environments. The VAC the automated- and connected-vehicle environment, leased instrumented vehicles, including connected- world development and deployment of connected- leverages extensive experience in on-road safety pavement perspectives in relation to automated automated Cadillac SRXs and an International Lone vehicle technology via dedicated short-range research to provide efficient solutions to automated- vehicles, driver training for automated-vehicle Star tractor-trailer that will soon be instrumented for communications and cellular technology. Using more vehicle testing. The VAC was developed in answer to technology, preparing work zones for automated/ automation research. than 60 roadside equipment units (RSEs) located the Virginia governor’s 2015 proclamation declaring connected vehicles, behavior-based predictive safety along the corridors, VDOT and researchers from Virginia “open for business” in the realm of automated analytics, data mining to improve planning for multiple institutes across the Commonwealth are vehicles. The proclamation allows the testing of pedestrian/bicyclist safety, using big data to assess implementing connected applications that include any automated vehicle on Virginia roads under the corridor safety, and investigating opportunities for traveler information, lane closure alerts, and work guidance of VTTI. The Virginia Department of Motor increased safety and improved mobility among older 01. Test Beds zone and incident management. Under the umbrella Vehicles will support research efforts performed drivers. Headquartered at VTTI, the Virginia Smart Road is of the recently completed Tier 1 U.S. Department of by VTTI in accordance with the proclamation. With a 2.2-mile, controlled-access facility managed by the Transportation Connected Vehicle/Infrastructure assistance from the Commonwealth of Virginia, The Virginia International Raceway in Alton, Va., was institute and owned and maintained by the Virginia University Transportation Center, VTTI, the the VAC will advance the development, testing, and established as a cooperative agreement through which Department of Transportation (VDOT). The road University of Virginia, and Morgan State University deployment of automated-vehicle technology, with VTTI can conduct connected and automated projects itself is built to Federal Highway Administration conducted more than 20 connected projects along the ultimate goal of helping stakeholders create robust in a multi-use testing environment that includes both specifications and features seven roadside equipment the VCC, including emergency vehicle-to-vehicle automated and autonomous vehicles. closed-course and open traffic conditions. On site at units and two mobile roadside equipment sites that communications, motorcycle crash warning systems, the raceway is a resort that features a 12-unit complex facilitate connected-vehicle communications; an eco-speed control, intersection management, and Faculty and students associated with the USDOT- of residential villas, a lodge, a club house, a full- optical fiber communication system; Ethernet fiber pavement assessment and management. awarded Safety through Disruption National service restaurant and tavern, administrative offices, transceivers and Ethernet switches; a connected- University Transportation Center (Safe-D National and a spa. The raceway track can be configured vehicle-compatible intersection controller model; In 2015, VTTI partnered with VDOT, Transurban, the UTC)—a consortium led by VTTI with partners Texas to five different courses ranging from 1.1 miles to varying pavement sections and in-pavement sensors; Virginia Department of Motor Vehicles, and HERE A&M Transportation Institute and San Diego State 4.2 miles and includes such topography as hairpin 75 weather-making towers capable of producing (a high-definition mapping business) to unveil the University—have access to the Virginia Connected curves and blind passes. The Virginia International snow, rain, and fog; a differential GPS base station Virginia Automated Corridors (VAC). This initiative and Automated Corridors to perform research into Raceway is also home to the Virginia Motorsports 6 7 FACILITIES/EQUIPMENT

Technology Park, which contains the Global Center 02. Blacksburg Facilities for Automotive Performance Simulation (GCAPS), an The traditional laboratories at VTTI are housed in two affiliated company of VTTI that features the globe’s buildings totaling more than 52,000 square feet. Building premier force-and-moment tire test facility. I is 30,000 square feet and houses office, laboratory, and garage facilities. Low-service laboratories include In partnership with VDOT and Virginia Tech, the facilities dedicated to driver interface development, institute is expanding upon its Smart Road testing eye-glance data reduction, lighting research, accident capabilities with a rural road test bed and surface analysis, accident database analysis, pavement street expansion, both of which will facilitate tailored, research, and traffic simulation. The National Surface 03. Accelerated Pavement Testing 04. VTTI Vehicle Fleet advanced, unique test-bed options for self-driving Transportation Safety Center for Excellence building VDOT and VTTI launched an accelerated pavement The VTTI vehicle fleet is uniquely instrumented for ground vehicles. The initiatives will encompass comprises 22,000 square feet of office and laboratory testing program in 2015, which uses a heavy-vehicle specific experiments. Researchers use the vehicle a residential/suburban layout that features real space and was occupied in July 2006. VTTI expanded simulator that continuously applies a weighted load fleet for Smart Road tests, and experimental test buildings and reconfigurable buildings, roundabout/ its on-site capacity by 7,000 square feet of warehouse to test pavements for several months. This testing vehicles are used to develop new instrumentation stop-controlled intersections, automation-compatible space and housing for a shock tube lab, a paint booth simulates the natural wear and tear caused by heavy packages and complement research endeavors. pavement markings, hills and curves, and connectivity facility, and a lighting lab. An additional 24,400 square- trucks on road surfaces. The program is expected to Several of the vehicles are long-term loaners from to the Smart Road. The institute is also working on foot annex was opened during August 2013. result in cost savings in road maintenance and will vehicle manufacturers, VDOT, and other partnering an automation hub initiative that will facilitate short enable VDOT to determine how different pavement organizations. All vehicles are maintained in-house turnaround projects focused on advanced-vehicle To supplement and support the focused transportation designs and materials respond to load testing prior to when possible with fully functional garages and a testing in collaboration with VTTI researchers, research of the institute, facilities feature a fully staffed integration on the road. Since its inception in 2015, the machine shop. Loaned vehicles are maintained in industry leaders, and Virginia Tech students, among garage and machine shop to instrument experimental program has resulted in approximately $1.1 million in cooperation with the organization that provided the others. vehicles. Technicians and engineers use full-scale expenditures. vehicle. machine and welding shops, electronics laboratories, and garage facilities to customize transportation hardware and software designed to collect large amounts of data. These facilities are also used to support the maintenance and expansion of the Smart Road systems and capabilities. Additionally, VTTI occupies an adjacent four-bay, 7,200-square-foot garage. This facility is used to store the VTTI instrumented vehicle fleet and the equipment necessary for research and Smart Road operations.

8 9 PROJECT The following are highlighted achievements HIGHLIGHTS of the VTTI community during FY17.

RESEARCH PROJECTS to mitigate rapidly growing transportation challenges, 1. In November 2016, VTTI and partners offer students incredible hands-on experience in the Texas A&M Transportation Institute and San Diego field of transportation research, and provide more State University — with support from the Virginia opportunities in the workforce. Department of Transportation (VDOT) — were named 2. In September 2016, VTTI hosted the Virginia one of two national safety University Transportation Tech Mid-Atlantic Aviation Partnership and X’s Centers (UTCs) in a highly competitive grant process. Project Wing, which conducted research flights to The grant brings with it a total of almost $28 million deliver food using unmanned aerial vehicles. Project 4. VTTI is a subcontractor to Morgan State developing the Collaborative Optimization and across a five-year span to study how best to maximize Wing is an innovation lab formerly known as Google[x] University on its Tier 1 UTC, Urban Mobility & Equity Planning Transportation Energy Reduction (COPTER) the safety benefits of integrating technologies such as that incubates new breakthroughs in science and Center (UMEC). UMEC is federally funded as a Tier 1 control architecture. The architecture represents automation and connectivity into the transportation technology. The flights marked Project Wing’s first research center through the Fixing America’s Surface a complete solution for the TRANSNET goal, with system. Motivated by an overall desire to promote tests involving external users in the U.S. and its first Transportation (FAST) Act. UMEC seeks to bolster the comprehensive transportation network modeling, a safety on U.S. roadways, the Safe-D National UTC collaboration with a Federal Aviation Administration scientific foundation and discern equity implications decision-theoretic approach for system optimization, will focus on three key areas: performing innovative (FAA)-approved unmanned aircraft test site. for policies that focus on urban mobility. UMEC and explicit human behavior and influence modeling research that is led by the largest consortium of 3. VTTI is serving an integral role in the Virginia will contribute to the body of knowledge on which to maximize real-world impact. This project leverages transportation safety researchers in the nation and Tech intelligent infrastructure initiative, particularly planning and policies are based by researching transit/ PARC competencies in model-based control of is largely focused on advanced-vehicle technologies, in the area of advanced-vehicle research and paratransit and freight planning and operations; complex systems and human cognitive modeling, transportation as a service, and “big data” analytics; development. In partnership with VDOT, the institute buyers’ acceptance, affordability, and government the recognized leadership of VTTI in transportation education and workforce development; and sharing is expanding upon its Smart Road testing capabilities promotion of connected and automated vehicles; and modeling and control, and substantial incumbency of research findings with the broader transportation with a rural road test bed and surface street expansion, the distribution of transportation costs and benefits, Xerox as a provider of transportation service solutions community. The Safe-D award is exemplary of both of which will facilitate tailored, advanced, unique including user fees and taxes. Research focus areas to U.S. cities to create a project that is meaningful, the hard work and dedication VTTI researchers test-bed options for self-driving ground vehicles. include increasing access to opportunities, smart executable, and transitionable. have collectively put into studying the future of The institute is also working on an automation hub cities, novel modes of transport, systems integration, 6. VTTI was awarded a U.S. Department of transportation. It provides continued opportunity to initiative that will facilitate short turnaround projects analytical tools to optimize movement, and regional Energy project to develop a novel Eco-Cooperative work toward the safe and efficient development and focused on advanced-vehicle testing in collaboration planning. Automated Control (Eco-CAC) system that integrates deployment of the next generation of vehicles and with VTTI researchers, industry leaders, and Virginia 5. The Xerox Palo Alto Research Center (PARC) vehicle dynamics (VD) control with connected- and technologies, inform national discourse about how best Tech students, among others. and VTTI were awarded an ARPA-E-funded project automated-vehicle (CAV) applications. The approach 10 11 FY17 PROJECT HIGHLIGHTS

is revolutionary in that it develops a next-generation, II Implementation Assistance Program projects. The VD-controlled CAV system that builds on existing CAV goal of these efforts is to identify safety problems technologies to reduce the energy/fuel consumption and generate countermeasures that reduce risk and of internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs), prevalence. battery-only electric vehicles (BEVs), plug-in hybrid 8. VTTI worked with FHWA to provide data electric vehicles (PHEVs), and hybrid electric vehicles sets to six research teams working in their respective (HEVs). The development of the Eco-CAC system Broad Agency Announcement efforts. These efforts are will involve the following key steps and components: targeted toward the generation of safety interventions (FTA). The first award addresses collision avoidance to assess the prevalence of mental disorders on long- 1) Develop a CV eco-routing controller that can be that reduce the incidence and severity of vehicular systems in transit buses and involves several new haul truck drivers. used with the above vehicle types. This unique eco- crashes. collaboration partners: Pierce Transit, ROSCO- 18. Institute researchers submitted an internal router will compute vehicle routings optimized for the 9. As part of its role as operator of the Second MobilEye, DCS Technologies, NewFlyer, and NIOSH proposal (i.e., acting as a subcontractor for individual user and entire system. 2) Develop a speed Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP 2) Washington State Transit Insurance Pool. The second NIOSH) to evaluate a fatigue management program harmonization controller that regulates the flow of Naturalistic Driving Study data set, VTTI provided data project addresses the evaluation of a new bus mirror in commercial trucking operations. The proposal is traffic approaching bottlenecks in the network. This to support dozens of research projects, primarily geared design and involves New York City Transit, NewFlyer, expected to be awarded in October 2017. controller will be fully integrated with the vehicle toward advancing transportation safety as sponsored RECARO (seat supplier), and SafeFleet. 19. VTTI continues to collaborate with 36 router, resulting in a unique strategic controller and performed by academic institutions, state DOTs, 14. VTTI was awarded a subcontract to the organizations, including Booz Allen Hamilton, that can route traffic away from congested areas the federal government, research organizations, and Intelligent Automation, Inc. (IAI) in a Small Business Bosch, GM, Google, Honda, Mercedes-Benz, Nissan, and regulate the flow of traffic entering congested private industry partners. Innovation Research (SBIR) project where the main and Volkswagen/Audi, under the NHTSA Vehicle areas. 3) Develop a multi-modal (ICEVs, BEVs, 10. VTTI submitted a proposal to the Transit contractor is the U.S. Department of Defense/Navy. Electronic Systems Safety IDIQ contract. This team PHEVs, and HEVs) Eco-Cooperative Adaptive Cruise IDEA program to evaluate a computer-based operator 15. VTTI was awarded a contract with Volvo Trucks was organized to respond to all aspects of the National Control-I (Eco-CACC-I) controller that computes and education and training program. to work in the QUADRAE national Swedish project on Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) implements optimum vehicle trajectories along multi- 11. VTTI submitted and was recently awarded driver modeling and simulation. The project involves project, including electronics safe reliability, intersection roadways in consideration of dynamic a National Science Foundation (NSF) proposal to several other new collaboration partners that include cybersecurity, vehicle automation, and related human vehicle queue predictions. 4) Develop an Eco-CACC-U conduct a workshop on the challenges, benefits, and Volvo Cars, Autoliv, and VTI (the Swedish National factors considerations. To date, VTTI has received controller that provides local longitudinal energy- research needs of displaced workers from autonomous Road and Transport Research Institute). awards of nearly $7 million under this contract. optimal control in consideration of the homogenous trucks. This proposal was recommended for funding in 16. In collaboration with the University of Utah, 20. VTTI continues to propose task orders and non-homogeneous vehicle platooning of ICEVs, the Work at the Human-Technology Frontier: Shaping VTTI resubmitted an National Institutes of Health released under a contract from the Transportation BEVs, PHEVs, and HEVs. the Future convergence area. (NIH) R21 proposal to estimate the overall prevalence Research Board (TRB) of the National Academy of 7. VTTI continued to work with the Federal 12. VTTI was awarded a project from Transport of obesity, diabetes mellitus and medication use, Sciences potentially worth an initial $2 million (with Highway Administration (FHWA) and the American Canada to develop guidelines for limiting driver kidney disease, dipstick urinalysis results, and the possibility of additional funds). The task orders Association of State Highway and Transportation distraction for devices with visual displays. hypertension in a large cohort of truck drivers. are designed to: 1) Identify critical issues associated Officials (AASHTO) to provide data sets and support 13. For the first time, VTTI was awarded two 17. VTTI resubmitted a National Institute for with connected and automated vehicles that state and to nine state DOT research teams working on Phase projects funded by the Federal Transit Administration Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) R21 proposal local transportation agencies and AASHTO will face, 12 13 FY17 PROJECT HIGHLIGHTS

2) Conduct research to address those issues, and 3) program is furthering advanced infrastructure and Conduct related technology transfer and information automated-vehicle technologies. exchange activities. 24. VTTI began a formal research relationship with 21. VTTI is collaborating with National Surface the District DOT (DDOT) during FY17, thus expanding Transportation Safety Center for Excellence (NSTSCE) its relationship with roadway operators. The DDOT and the National Occupational Research Agenda program is focused on developing operational benefits (NORA) Oil and Gas Extraction Sector through from connected vehicles through improving the affiliates within the Center for Disease Control (CDC) department’s fleet operations. Message Concept Development project with the 31. VTTI researchers have assembled a team of and NIOSH to investigate factors among oil and 25. As in previous years, VTTI continues to develop Crash Avoidance Metrics Partnership (CAMP). These nine police agencies, including the Virginia State gas service fleets (e.g., shift, roadway, and driver relationships with both public and private sponsors. extensions supported the test and evaluation of the Police, to perform a field operational assessment of performance) that are associated with a high number of This year, VTTI initiated several new relationships concepts in a real operational traffic environment. the lighting and markings of police vehicles. vehicle-related fatalities. A pilot study was completed, with proprietary sponsors, which are likely to result 28. VDOT and VTTI launched an accelerated 32. VTTI built a partnership with Thomas and efforts are underway to identify good practices in continued funding in future years. In addition, pavement testing program, which uses a heavy-vehicle Jefferson University to work on issues involving light among large fleets and distribute them among small VTTI has continued to develop its relationship with simulator that continuously applies a weighted load and human health. fleets while collecting naturalistic driving and in- the Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers (AAM), to test pavements for several months. This testing 33. VTTI has made initial arrangements to create vehicle monitoring system data. working closely with AAM members on proprietary simulates the natural wear and tear caused by heavy a Virginia Tech Smart Outdoor Lighting Laboratory 22. VTTI is continuing its collaboration with IAI projects. trucks on road surfaces. The program is expected to in partnership with the Virginia Tech Corporate to develop a robust Multi-modal Driver Distraction 26. In conjunction with VDOT, VTTI continues result in cost savings in road maintenance and will Research Center. and Fatigue Detection/Warning System (MDF) for to expand the capability and utility of the Virginia enable VDOT to determine how different pavement 34. VTTI successfully partnered with WSP Parsons commercial vehicle operations. This Federal Motor Connected and Automated Corridors (VCC/VAC), designs and materials respond to load testing prior Brinkerhoff to work on the National Cooperative Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA)-sponsored with expenditures during FY17 of nearly $700,000. to integration on the road. Since its inception in Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Project 05-22 SBIR project was recently awarded Phase II funding. VTTI extended the VCC Mobile Android phone 2015, the program has resulted in approximately $1.1 – LED Lighting Specifications. VTTI is providing expertise in the areas of driver application to support inputs from the VDOT Active million in expenditures. 35. In 2014, VTTI began work in collaboration fatigue, drowsiness, and distraction; access to its large Traffic Management System. VTTI also created a 29. Revenue of the VTTI-affiliated Global Center with several departments across campus to develop naturalistic collection of approximately 10 million data interface and handling system that supports the for Automotive Performance Simulation (GCAPS) a health and injury control center. This evolving commercial vehicle miles; and testing of the MDF broadcast of signal phasing and timing and geographic grew by more than 30% during FY17. This increase is center is designed to enhance research opportunities system with drivers on a heavy-vehicle/commercial- mapping data from six intersections in the Tyson’s largely due to new clients and a substantial growth in that promote driver health and wellness and reduce vehicle simulator. Corner area of Northern Virginia. The VCC Mobile testing conducted with established customers. injuries. To date, collaborating departments include 23. VTTI began an active sponsored research application can also receive and present the signal 30. VTTI worked with sponsors from the Fralin; Psychology; Biomedical Engineering; Human program with Transurban, a roadway operator timing and phasing data to the driver through a user Illuminating Engineering Society and Southern Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise; the Virginia Tech currently overseeing major segments of Virginia’s interface. California Edison to form a sponsor collation of Center for Autism Research; Computer Science; infrastructure, such as the I-95 and I-495 high- 27. VTTI extended the VCC to support testing of parking lot lighting research. Gerontology; Construction; the Virginia Tech Carilion occupancy toll (HOT) lanes in Northern Virginia. This new standardized message concepts for the Advanced Research Institute; the Virginia Tech Child Study 14 15 FY17 PROJECT HIGHLIGHTS

Center; and the Virginia Tech Child Development developing collaborative projects with faculty and Center. During 2017, faculty and researchers working students in the College of Engineering, the College under this initiative submitted white papers and of Architecture and Urban Studies, and the College proposals to several organizations, including NSTSCE, of Science. As new projects are awarded bi-annually, FMCSA, NIH, NIOSH, NCHRP of the TRB, and FTA. more collaborative projects across more departments Through these efforts, the team continues to search on campus are expected. for funding opportunities and possible collaborations. 42. VTTI is collaborating with the Virginia Center 36. Institute researchers are collaborating with for Autonomous Systems (VACAS) and the Hume center will address the transportation needs of an to obtain funding to conduct a naturalistic driving the FHWA to establish and provide support for a Center on a five-year, $25 million IDIQ contract extremely broad spectrum of the U.S. population, study of Australian teenage drivers. The proposal secure data enclave at the Safety Training and Analysis awarded by NHTSA. thereby helping the nation maintain its competitive consortium comprised researchers from University Center, which allows secure access of the SHRP 2 43. The VTTI-affiliated National Tire Research advantage in the global economy. of New South Wales and Monash University. Naturalistic Driving Study data to federal employees, Center (NTRC) in Southern Virginia and Virginia Tech 46. VTTI is collaborating with the Virginia 50. VTTI is partnering with the Science state DOTs, and their research partners. Materials Science faculty are collaborating to study Tech Psychology Department and the Virginia Tech Applications International Corporation (SAIC) to 37. VTTI partnered with the Virginia Tech ways to recycle the materials in tires to substantially Carilion Research Institute on an adolescent risk/ investigate the prevalence of non-alcohol drugs in Psychology Department and Texas A&M University to reduce the resulting carbon footprint. brain development study. Questionnaire/survey drivers arrested for impaired driving. evaluate tacit communication behaviors of drivers at 44. VTTI is analyzing the potential link between data and fMRI data are being collected on a sample 51. VTTI collaborated with the Virginia Tech pedestrian crosswalks. roadway lighting levels and physical activity levels of 180 teenagers in rural Appalachia. VTTI will be Center for Autism Research (VTCAR) to conduct a 38. VTTI led a project funded by FTA on such as walking and running with faculty from the instrumenting 20 of these participants’ vehicles to survey of attitudes of teens with autism and their collision avoidance in transit buses, which involves Virginia Tech Urban Affairs and Planning, School of obtain objective measures of driving performance parents toward driving. collaboration with the University of Washington. Public and International Affairs. to add to previous metrics, resulting in an overall 52. VTTI is leading an ongoing collaboration with 39. VTTI was awarded a contract with Volvo Trucks 45. VTTI is a subcontractor to North Carolina assessment of risky behavior in these adolescents. researchers from the University of Virginia medical in Sweden to represent the company in a Swedish A&T State University on its Tier 1 Center for Advanced 47. VTTI collaborated with the Virginia Tech school to study the driving performance of novice national research project on driver modeling and Transportation Mobility (CATM) UTC. CATM is Child Study Center to submit an NIH RO3 proposal teen drivers with autism. The study is using real and simulation (QUADRAE). This work involved a close a consortium consisting of four higher education to investigate the impact of ADHD on risky driving simulated driving metrics. collaboration with Chalmers University in Sweden. institutions: North Carolina Agricultural and Technical behavior. 53. VTTI is collaborating with researchers at the 40. VTTI submitted a proposal with the Virginia State University (lead), Virginia Tech, Embry-Riddle 48. VTTI and the Children’s Hospital of Texas A&M Transportation Institute to study the use Tech Mining Engineering Department and University Aeronautical University – Daytona Beach, and the Philadelphia (CHOP) submitted a proposal to the of child seats in ride-share vehicles. The study is part of Kentucky to the Alpha foundation on automated University of the District of Columbia – Community NSF Big Data RFP to evaluate the driving behavior of a Safe-D National UTC project. shuttle cars in coal mines. The award decision is College. These four institutions collaborate on of drivers in various age cohorts. The project was 54. As part of a CATM UTC project, VTTI expected in October 2017. projects focused on identifying solutions to mobility recently awarded to the CHOP/VTTI team. researchers are collaborating with peers at North 41. VTTI is leading collaborative projects concerns within two primary areas: 1) Enabling safe 49. VTTI collaborated with a consortium of Carolina Agricultural & Technical University leveraging departments across Virginia Tech under and efficient mobility for vulnerable road users and Australian driving researchers to submit a proposal to to develop a mobility assistance application for the Safe-D National UTC. VTTI faculty are actively 2) Optimizing mobility in emergency situations. The the Australian Research Council. The proposal seeks pedestrians with physical disabilities. 16 17 FY17 PROJECT HIGHLIGHTS

55. VTTI formed a collaboration with researchers Community College Motorsports Program. GCAPS at the University of North Carolina Highway Safety representatives also sit on advisory committees for Research Center to author papers and conduct Danville Community College and host interns from outreach as part of the FHWA Pedestrian & Bicycle the Danville-area Academy for Engineering and Information Center program. Technology program, which comprises high school students interested in engineering careers. 3. With support from the Virginia Tech Graduate EDUCATION AND OUTREACH School and in collaboration with affiliated faculty in professionals and has a variety of opportunities Hub. This hub is both a program and a physical civil and environmental engineering, industrial and available for student involvement. Each research structure that will be located adjacent to VTTI test systems engineering, psychology, and statistics, VTTI project funded by Safe-D requires student tracks and garages. With support from public and (For more information about student is offering the Human Factors of Transportation involvement, which has the potential to develop into a private sponsors and Safe-D, the Automation Hub involvement, please refer to the Safety Graduate Certificate Program (HFTS GCP). thesis or dissertation project. Safe-D research projects will provide advanced training and practical hands-on Publications and Presentations sections The certificate program is designed to create currently fund 17 students across its partnering experience to students in a variety of transportation- of this report). and deliver to students in-depth knowledge and institutes of Virginia Tech, Texas A&M Transportation related areas and the opportunity to collaborate with marketable skills applied to the research, evaluation, Institute, and San Diego State University (two faculty across Safe-D consortium universities. maintenance, improvement, and protection of all undergraduate, nine masters, six Ph.D.), including 8. Graduate students employed by various 1. VTTI houses close to 90% of national and ground transportation users and their communities – five students from underrepresented populations. Of departments at VTTI worked together to coordinate international naturalistic driving data in the world. all from a human factors perspective, which is a strong these 17 students supported, four are from Virginia the Women in Transportation Seminar—The Future With onsite data reduction labs and extensive educational focus of VTTI and Virginia Tech. Students Tech. Furthermore, faculty involved with Safe-D of Transportation. The event was held August 31 analysis experience, the institute realized the role enrolled in the program will become leaders in the field reported teaching 15 graduate courses (reaching 204 – September 1, 2016, at the Inn at Virginia Tech it could play in helping others mine and reduce its of transportation safety within the Commonwealth, students) and 11 undergraduate courses (reaching and brought together women accomplished in the data to answer subsequent research questions about across the nation, and internationally. Four graduate 588 students). transportation field. The seminar also included driver behavior and performance. From a student students are currently enrolled in the certificate 6. The Safe-D National UTC is currently a poster session for undergraduate and graduate perspective, the labs provide myriad opportunities program, and four certificates have been awarded supporting a collaborative summer internship students and speed-mentoring sessions where for both undergraduates and graduates to receive since the program began in 2014. program held at Texas A&M Transportation Institute students could receive guidance directly from advanced training and participate in data reduction 4. In collaboration with the TRB of the National during the summer of 2017. Through this program, professionals. and analysis activities conducted at VTTI. During Academy of Sciences, VTTI generates and makes interns are matched with mentors and research 9. VTTI currently employs more than 20 FY17, the data reduction lab at VTTI employed 87 available transportation data sets that are delivered projects, including many led by Safe-D faculty, to undergraduate and graduate students as on-road and Virginia Tech students, of which 78 (90%) were free-of-charge to graduate students, selected through gain hands-on experience in transportation research. in-vehicle experimenters. undergraduates. a competitive process, to support their thesis and/or Of the 16 applications received, nine students were 10. VTTI played an important role in the Sixth 2. The VTTI-affiliated GCAPS has provided dissertation research. selected for the Summer 2017 internship program. International Symposium on Naturalistic Driving internships for Virginia Tech mechanical engineering 5. The Safe-D National UTC is committed 7. VTTI and the Safe-D National UTC are Research, held in The Hague, The Netherlands, on students and has actively supported the Patrick Henry to training the next generation of transportation currently developing plans for the VTTI Automation June 8 and 9, 2017. VTTI served on both the Scientific 18 19 FY17 PROJECT HIGHLIGHTS

and Organizing committees. The Symposium Seminar were Deborah Hersman of the National was held in conjunction with the UDRIVE Final Safety Council and Dr. Ann Brach of TRB. Winners of Event (UDRIVE is a European Union naturalistic the SHRP 2 Student Paper Competition, supported by driving study) and was primarily organized by the VTTI, presented the results of their research during SWOV Institute for Road Safety Research. Several the symposium. researchers from VTTI presented findings from the 12. Planning has begun for the Seventh SHRP 2, motorcycle, and older driver naturalistic International Naturalistic Driving Research studies. A VTTI representative will co-edit a special Symposium to be held in Blacksburg in August 2018. Big Data Hub Transportation Data Challenge kick- 20. VTTI established close contacts with NIOSH issue of Safety Science highlighting papers from the Select papers from the Fifth Symposium, which was off to assess and improve VTTI capabilities as a in the oil and gas area. This involved joining the 2017 Symposium. VTTI will host the 2018 Symposium, held in Blacksburg in August 2016, will be published transportation data repository. NORA Transportation Warehouse and Utilities while researchers from Australia have offered to host in a special edition of the Journal of Safety Research. 17. Along with fellow organization committee Counsel. VTTI also gave presentations at the Oil and the 2019 Symposium to highlight the results of their 13. The Commercial Motor Vehicle (CMV) members from the National Transportation Safety Gas & Motor Vehicle working groups and held a focus Australian Naturalistic Driving Study. Driving Safety website was created to provide CMV Board (NTSB), FMCSA, NHTSA, Nissan, and group with Pioneer Energy on coaching and in-vehicle 11. VTTI hosted the Fifth International drivers and trucking company safety managers with the University of Liege, VTTI co-hosted the 10th monitoring systems. VTTI also presented at the Oil Naturalistic Driving Research Symposium in August information on various topics relevant to their line of International Conference on Managing Fatigue. The and Gas Safety and Health conference organized by 2016, with Ron Medford of X (formerly Google[x]) and work. A current project is reviewing and revising the conference was held in San Diego, CA, from March NIOSH. Dr. Bruce Simons-Morton of NIH serving as keynote website to ensure that the latest information available 20-23, 2017. This conference was bookended by 21. VTTI gave an invited presentation at the speakers. Eight sessions of panels and papers, plus a is provided. the Practical Fatigue Management for Safety and American Trucking Association (ATA) 191st Technical poster session, were held during this biennial event 14. The Driving Healthy website is continually Productivity workshop and the 2017 Fatigue Risk Advisory Group (TAG) meeting on truck and bus that attracted representatives from government, updated to provide tips and information for Management Regional Meeting. Keynote speakers maintenance. A similar presentation was held at the industry, and academia worldwide. The symposium commercial motor vehicle drivers. The information included Christopher A. Hart, Chairman of the American Bus Association (ABA) Bus Maintenance was followed by two additional conferences: the includes Eating & Living Healthy and Prevention NTSB; and Dr. Mark Rosekind, former NHTSA and Repair Council. Motorcycle Research and Technology Workshop & Screening. The website is useful not only to Administrator. The conference had nearly 400 22. VTTI presented at the RAMSES Human and the Women in Transportation Seminar – The professional drivers but also to the general public. international attendees and 100 presentations. Select Modelling Conference in Troy, MI. Future of Transportation. The Motorcycle Safety 15. A VTTI researcher continues to serve on the papers from the conference were included in a special 23. VTTI presented at the Mid-America Truck Foundation, Bosch, and VTTI sponsored the TRB Human Factors Workshop Committee, providing issue of Accident Analysis & Prevention. Show at the request of Northland Insurance on Motorcycle Research and Technology Workshop. valuable input into the full-day workshops that bring 18. VTTI presented at the monthly Southwest the results of its Collision Avoidance System Field More than 40 participants representing American together the international transportation human Virginia Transportation Council. The presentation Operational Test (CAS FOT) project. The conference Honda Motor Company, Suzuki, Harley-Davidson, factors community to work on the most pressing provided an overview of VTTI and current and past was focused mainly on fleets; Northland wanted Bosch, DENSO, Polaris, research organizations, small problems in the field. research. VTTI to provide information about the technology businesses, U.S. Army, state and federal agencies, and 16. A VTTI researcher participated in the Research 19. VTTI co-organized the Automated Vehicles and allow fleets a chance to ask questions about the other academic institutions attended the workshop. Data Alliance International Data Week, the Virginia Symposium breakout session on Automated Trucking technology. Keynote speakers for the Women in Transportation Tech Big Data Science Workshop, and the NSF West during July 2017 in San Francisco, CA. 20 21 FY17 PROJECT HIGHLIGHTS

24. NHTSA and VTTI presented on the results of tjSTAR is an annual, daylong symposium at Thomas the CAS FOT project in the session Crash Avoidance Jefferson High School for Science and Technology, #1: Advanced Driver Assistance Systems: Product the Governor’s School for Science and Technology Evolution, Evaluation and Real World Deployment in Northern Virginia, that offers the opportunity Challenges. to share student research projects and learn about 25. VTTI presented on the results of the CAS FOT future research opportunities and potential careers. project during the 2016 SAE COMVEC. 29. VTTI staff remain active on the IES 26. VTTI gave an invited presentation at the Roadway Lighting Committee, the Resilient Lighting safety advocates from the community and researchers 37. VTTI partnered with the Virginia Tech Edulog (a school bus software routing company) user Committee, and the Outdoor Environmental Lighting from VDOT and Virginia Tech. Mechanical Engineering Department and Electrical conference in Las Vegas, NV. Committee. 34. VTTI research staff are active in presenting and Computer Engineering Department on the 27. From September 2012 to November 2016, 30. VTTI remained active in the International information about impaired driving. During FY17, EcoCAR 3 project. This effort is a competition VTTI led the Connected-Vehicle/Infrastructure Commission on Illumination (CIE), with one faculty researchers provided the keynote address for the between selected universities in North America to (CVI) UTC. As part of outreach efforts associated member sitting on the CIE board and in charge of a New Hampshire Traffic Safety Conference, led design the most efficient electric vehicles. with this program, CVI-UTC research was displayed research division on outdoor lighting. a roundtable of leading national experts on the 38. VTTI is participating in the AutoDrive at the Women in Transportation Seminar – The 31. VTTI is a subcontractor to North Carolina A&T topic of countermeasures to over-the-counter and project with faculty from Virginia Tech Mechanical Future of Transportation, which was held August State University on its Tier 1 CATM UTC. This center prescription drug-impaired driving, and gave an Engineering (leading the effort), Electrical and 31-September 1, 2016, in Blacksburg, VA. In addition, will afford students from participating institutions invited lecture to Hokie Wellness peer educators Computer Engineering, Computer Science, and Civil a researcher from VTTI displayed CVI-UTC research (North Carolina A&T, Virginia Tech, Embry Riddle, about college alcohol consumption and impaired and Environmental Engineering. The AutoDrive and demonstrated connected-vehicle technologies and University of District of Columbia) to effect driving. project entails engaging undergraduate students in leveraged in VTTI/CVI-UTC projects at the VDOT meaningful learning opportunities across the field of 35. VTTI research staff organized and presided the development of an autonomous vehicle. 12th Annual Transportation Career Fair on October transportation safety. over the Human Factors Workshop of Cognitive 39. Institute researchers collaborated with 6, 2016, in Manassas, VA. This event, which drew 32. VTTI continues to support driver’s education Perspectives on Aging Driver Safety and Mobility at Virginia Tech departments, including Biomedical more than 100 employers and 1,400 high school programs at nine Virginia high schools in Montgomery the 2017 Annual TRB Meeting in Washington, D.C., Engineering and Mechanics (BEAM), to foster dual students from the area, provided an opportunity to and Roanoke counties. During these programs, VTTI in association with the TRB Committee for Safe appointment opportunities among VTTI faculty encourage high school students to enter careers in all teen driving researchers speak to parents and teens Mobility of Older Persons (ANB60). where strategically advantageous. fields related to transportation, building the future about the risks of teen driving. They also discuss how 36. VTTI participated in the ITF Roundtable workforce. parent/teen driving contracts may help keep teens on Commercial Vehicle On-Board Safety Systems, ADDITIONAL ACCOMPLISHMENTS 28. A representative from the Safe-D National safe while they learn to drive. which was held January 5-6, 2017, at the USDOT 1. 2017 U.S. Government Award for Safety UTC presented program activities to high school 33. VTTI research staff are active members of the Conference Center in Washington, D.C. The Engineering Excellence (Myra Blanco) students at the Thomas Jefferson Symposium to Blue Ridge Transportation Safety Board, a regional roundtable covered the need to identify, develop, test, 2. Best Paper Award, 2nd International Advance Research (tjSTAR). VTTI emphasized committee chaired by the Roanoke County Police and deploy innovative onboard technology solutions Conference on Vehicle Technology and Intelligent careers available in transportation and opportunities Department. Members of this board also include and practices, which has been identified as an area of Transport Systems (VEHITS), Rome, Italy, 2016 available to students under the Safe-D EWD Program. priority. (Hesham Rakha) 22 23 FY17 VTTI Centers/Groups/Initiatives

national and international partners in vehicle automation, including Google, General Motors, and other groups involved in the research, planning, policy, and production of automated VTTI Centers,Groups, vehicles. The goal of this center is to strengthen the safety benefits of automation across all levels of the transportation and Initiatives industry. Center for Advanced Automotive Research foggy conditions; evaluating the effects of lighting source, of a synthetic eye, elbow joint injuries from side airbags, wrist (Zac Doerzaph, Director) Center for Data Reduction and Analysis Support type, and power on driver performance; assessing airport injuries, upper extremity dummy design, posterior rib fractures (Miguel Perez, Director) garage lighting; and determining the durability of pavement from side airbags, child dummy neck evaluations, small female The Center for Advanced Automotive Research focuses markings. The center contains the Eco-Transportation and neck interactions with side airbags, airbag out-of-position on the research, development, and evaluation of next- The Center for Data Reduction and Analysis Support Alternative Technologies Group, which is currently conducting testing, and the development of a pregnant occupant model. generation automotive systems. The center is staffed by a provides standardized access to and analysis of naturalistic an investigation into the potential use of paired types of multidisciplinary team of dedicated individuals who are driving study data sets housed at the Institute; these data commercially available vehicle detection technologies designed passionate about improving the safety and efficiency of our sets currently comprise 2.5 petabytes of information about to reduce false readings at intersections that result in inefficient Center for Public Policy, Partnerships, and Outreach nation’s transportation system. This team strives to solve a real-world driver behavior and performance. Users include traffic flow. (Myra Blanco, Director) broad set of challenges associated with integrating cutting- researchers within and outside of the Institute, government edge technologies into the vehicles of tomorrow. The primary entities, and automotive manufacturers and suppliers. Center The Center for Public Policy, Partnerships, and Outreach research areas of the center include crash warning/avoidance/ services include coding of video and audio data, data quality Center for Injury Biomechanics assists with the needed models of regulations for advanced mitigation systems, connected vehicles, driver-vehicle assurance, data standardization, data mining, event selection, (Warren Hardy, Director) vehicles, such as driver assistance systems and connected and/ interfaces, crash causation, and vehicle automation. and data analysis. The center actively supports data analysis or automated vehicles. The center provides research to ensure collaborations with external institutions. The Center for Injury Biomechanics is a partnership state and federal policies are based on relevant data, develops between VTTI, the Virginia Tech Department of Mechanical partnerships to assist in the advancement of new systems, Center for Automated Vehicle Systems Engineering, and the Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University and enhances the research areas and sponsorship diversity of (Shane McLaughlin, Director) Center for Infrastructure-based Safety Systems School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences. The center VTTI. The center works with stakeholders whose interests are (Ron Gibbons, Director) conducts research into injury biomechanics, injury modeling, affected by governmental decisions on federal, state, local, or The Center for Automated Vehicle Systems uses an and transportation-related injury biomechanics. Center work international levels in the development and implementation of interdisciplinary approach to studying all aspects related to The Center for Infrastructure-based Safety Systems focuses includes an in-depth study of road-departure crashes in the automated-vehicle systems. the automation life cycle in the field of transportation. The on roadway-based safety systems, such as lighting, visibility U.S. to determine conditions such as speed and topography. center conducts pragmatic research based on a scientific treatments, pavement markings, signage, signals, barriers, Other transportation-related injury research includes car approach that emphasizes the importance of safety, security, the interaction of visibility with roadway design, and weather crash tests, large-scale tissue testing, NASCAR-Indy restraint reliability, and user acceptance. The center is anchored in considerations. The center is conducting research into myriad testing, advanced restraint tests, guardrail evaluations, child applied research and is strengthened by collaborations with topics that include: increasing active sign legibility during seat evaluations, airbag-induced eye injuries, the development 24 25 FY17 VTTI Centers/Groups/Initiatives

Center for Sustainable Mobility cost analyses. The center houses the Infrastructure Management (Hesham Rakha, Director) Group and the Sensing, Modeling and Simulation Group. The center initiated a consortium of state highway agencies and The Center for Sustainable Mobility conducts research relevant equipment manufacturers dedicated to enhancing pavement to society’s transportation mobility, energy, environmental, surfaces. The center also tested a product that extends the life of and safety needs. The center translates the results of research the road surface and retains de-icing chemicals on the surface, into realistic and workable applications, creates and provides giving road crews time to deploy during inclement weather. tools needed to apply developed knowledge and processes, and The center was instrumental in developing a way to include the refining and testing rear-lighting configurations to reduce the educates qualified engineers to meet today’s transportation environmental impact of road materials in the decision-making Center for Technology Implementation number and severity of rear-end crashes, determining safe hours demands and tomorrow’s transportation challenges in the areas processes during road construction. In 2015, VTTI welcomed the (Mike Mollenhauer, Director) of service for commercial motor vehicle drivers, evaluating causes of transportation network control, large-scale transportation first Sideway-force Coefficient Routine Investigation Machine to of drowsiness and providing countermeasures, and developing system modeling, traffic state prediction using large data and the United States in a project funded by the Federal Highway The Center for Technology Implementation was created to education programs to keep drivers healthy and alert. artificial intelligence techniques, transit bus real-time routing Administration; the project objective is to assist states in the facilitate technology deployment and leverage existing research and scheduling, vehicle energy and environmental modeling, development of Pavement Friction Management Programs investments. The center makes it possible for the Institute and transportation system modeling, and eco-transportation and demonstrate continuous friction and macro-texture its sponsors and clients to participate in early-stage technology Center for Vulnerable Road User Safety applications. The Center for Sustainable Mobility has worked and measurement equipment. implementation programs. Center personnel can help develop (Jon Antin, Director) is currently working on numerous projects funded by the U.S. a toolbox of modular software solutions that can be applied in Department of Transportation, the U.S. Department of Energy, new jurisdictions, building smart solutions that combine the The Center for Vulnerable Road User Safety conducts research the Virginia Department of Transportation, and the Federal Center for Technology Development best commercial products with customization that can fully and outreach designed to enhance safety for all vulnerable Transit Association. The center is developing eco-routing, (Andy Petersen, Director) address agency goals. road users, including senior and teen drivers, bicyclists, and eco-cooperative adaptive cruise control systems, and traffic pedestrians. Vulnerable road users comprise all age groups and signal control systems that enhance the efficiency, mobility, The Center for Technology Development specializes in a variety of demographics; their one shared trait is an increased environmental impacts, and safety impacts of the transportation developing, implementing, and maintaining innovative systems Center for Truck and Bus Safety risk of suffering a traffic-related crash or injury. The center system. for transportation research. The center includes the Mechanical (Rich Hanowski, Director) includes the Teen Risk and Injury Prevention Group and the Systems Group, which is responsible for mechanical fabrication Senior Mobility Awareness, Safety, and Health Group. Research to suit the needs of all research projects; the Data Acquisition The Center for Truck and Bus Safety focuses on the research, includes a naturalistic driving study of novice teen drivers with Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure Group, which is responsible for electronic hardware design; development, and evaluation of heavy-vehicle systems. The the aim of providing real-time feedback, gathering information (Gerardo Flintsch, Director) and the Advanced Development Group, which is responsible center is dedicated to the design, delivery, and implementation for driver training, and keeping teens’ parents informed. The for software development. The Data Acquisition Group is a of leading-edge research and development efforts aimed at center has undertaken outreach initiatives designed to provide The Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure pioneer in distributed data acquisition systems. The Advanced improving the health and safety of heavy-vehicle drivers. The recommendations for coordinating public and private services focuses on asset management; pavement design, analysis, Development Group includes specialists in machine vision, road center comprises the Behavioral Analysis and Applications Group, for the aged, disabled, and indigent populations. rehabilitation, and safety; infrastructure management; civil tracking, and data analysis. the Human Factors and Advanced System Testing Group, and engineering materials; non-destructive testing; and life-cycle the Safety and Human Factors Group. Center research includes 26 27 FY17 VTTI Centers/Groups/Initiatives

Global Center for Automotive Performance International Center for Naturalistic Driving Data Simulation Analysis at Virginia Tech (Frank Della Pia, Director) (Clark Gaylord, Chief Information Officer)

The Global Center for Automotive Performance Simulation is a The International Center for Naturalistic Driving Data Analysis world-class facility that provides revolutionary services for both incorporates Virginia Tech’s petabyte-scale, high performance vehicle and tire, including testing, simulation, and modeling. data storage system into the VTTI data infrastructure. This allows The center comprises the National Tire Research Center, the data from multiple naturalistic driving studies to be analyzed of motorcyclist fatalities and injuries; and the excitement of Safety through Disruption (Safe-D) National Southern Virginia Vehicle Motion Labs, and the Virtual Design using high performance computational systems to perform more a large number of VTTI engineers, staff, researchers, and University Transportation Center (UTC) and Integration Laboratory. Collectively, these initiatives complex computational algorithms and data mining. family who are riders. The group focuses on riders and their (Zac Doerzaph, Director) provide the full range of services essential for creating a machines while considering other factors in the surrounding more dynamic product through both virtual and physical The 48-node compute cluster of the Institute moves data between transportation system. Group researchers have conducted the Fueled by an inevitable transformation of our transportation development. The center is affiliated with Virginia Tech and the field and the data center, decrypts data, prepares data files for first large-scale naturalistic motorcycle study, the aim of which system, the Safe-D National UTC endeavors to maximize VTTI and is located in Southern Virginia. ingestion to a 500-terabyte scientific data warehouse, processes is to explore motorcycle crash causation and to develop crash the potential safety benefits of disruptive technologies video files, and provides a platform for advanced analytical countermeasures. through targeted research that addresses the most pressing processing. A peta-scale archive file system will ultimately transportation safety questions. The center focuses on I-81 Corridor Coalition facilitate the long-term storage of numerous petabytes of data four potential disruptive technologies: connected vehicles, (Andy Alden, Executive Director) while maintaining data in an online state. National Surface Transportation Safety Center automated vehicles, transportation as a service, and big data for Excellence analytics. The U.S. Department of Transportation awarded The I-81 Corridor Coalition is a consortium of stakeholders VTTI data center features include a computational cluster, the (Jon Hankey, Director) the center in November 2016 as a highly competitive national dedicated to improving the safety, continuity, and efficiency application of the Virginia Tech High Performance Computing UTC grant. The national grant entails a planned $2.8 million of commercial and personal travel along the I-81 corridor that Storage System, and a significant upgrade to the storage system The National Surface Transportation Safety Center each year in federal funding for five years, matched by an equal extends from Tennessee to the Canadian border in New York. supporting the scientific data warehouse environment at VTTI. for Excellence was established by the Federal Public amount of cost-share funds from university, state, and private The coalition comprises state DOTs, Metropolitan and Regional These systems compose the foundation for data-intensive scientific Transportation Act of 2005 to develop and disseminate sources. Planning Organizations, non-governmental organizations, research programs conducted at VTTI, particularly the Second advanced transportation safety techniques and innovations in and private entities from the six corridor states. The primary Strategic Highway Research Program Naturalistic Driving Study. both rural and urban communities. Center research focuses The nation’s top safety researchers will perform work under focus of the coalition is to study and implement innovative on four major objectives: 1) To develop and test transportation the center while leveraging existing and upcoming world-class solutions to address challenges specific to travel on a freight- devices and techniques that enhance driver performance; 2) To research facilities across the universities, such as the Virginia intensive highway serving a wide variety of geopolitical regions Motorcycle Research Group evaluate the roadway environment and infrastructure-based Automated and Connected Corridors and the Smart Road, all and users. Current study areas include incident management, (Shane McLaughlin, Group Leader) safety systems; 3) To address mobility for vulnerable road of which will collectively enable robust real-world testing of development planning, and truck parking. users; and 4) To examine driver impairment issues. automated and connected vehicles. The Motorcycle Research Group was born from a history in transportation research; concern about an increasing number 28 29 Sponsors, Clients, and Partners • Delphi Electronics • Fluor, Va. • Institute for Critical Technology and Applied Science The continued success of VTTI is due, in large part, to its sponsors, partners, clients, and stakeholders. VTTI would like to acknowledge the • Robert Denaro • Ford Motor Company contributions and support of the following organizations: • Institute for Transportation Research • DENSO • Foundation for Outdoor Advertising and Education at North Carolina State Research and Education University • 3M • B&W Pantex • Cernet Corp. • DGE, Inc. • Fugro Roadware • Institute for Work Organizational and • AAA • Battelle • Chen Ryan Associates • District Department of Transportation Transport Research • General Motors • AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety • B-Con Engineering, Inc. • Chrysler • DLA Piper • Insurance Institute for Highway Safety • General Motors OnStar Division • AAA Mid-Atlantic • Beam Brothers • Cisco Systems • DMD & Associates • Intelligent Automation, Inc. • George Mason University • Acclaro Research Solutions, Inc. • Bedford County, Va. • City of Flagstaff • Donovan Hatem • Intelligent Transportation Society of • Georgia Department of Transportation America • ACF • Bekaert • City of Richmond • Draper Laboratory • Glenwood Consulting • Interactive Design and Development • Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers • Betty Serian and Associates • Civilogix, Inc. • Drexel University • Goodyear • Iowa State University • American Association of Motor Vehicle • Bishop Consulting • Clanton & Associates, Inc. • DRP Performance Administrators • Google • Iteris, Inc. • BMW • Clean Air Tech International • Duke University • American Association of State Highway • Guard Rail of Roanoke, Inc. • Jacobs, Edwards, and Kelcey, Inc. and Transportation Officials • Booz Allen Hamilton • Clear Roads • Dunlap and Associates, Inc. • Halifax County, Va. • Jaguar/Landrover • American Transportation Research • Bosch • Clemson University • Dynamic Research, Inc. Institute • Hankook Tire • John Horsley and Associates • BP Amoco • Cohda Wireless • Eaton • Amoco • Harmonia • Johns Hopkins University • Bridgestone • Colorado Department of Transportation • Education Logistics, Inc. • Applied Research Associates • HERE • Johnson Controls, Inc. • Brigham Young University • Commercial Vehicle Safety Alliance • EMMES • Arete Associates • Honda • Kapsch TrafficCom • California Department of Transportation • Continental Automotive Systems, Inc. • Enercon Services, Inc. • Arlington County, Va. • Hoosier Racing • Kimley-Horn and Associates • Calspan • Con-Way • Engineering & Software Consultants, Inc. • Asia University • Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc. • Korea Advanced Institute of Science and • Cambridge Systematics • Cooper Tire • Ergonomic Analysis, Inc. Technology • Association for Unmanned Vehicle Systems • Hubbell Lighting, Inc. International • Canadian Council of Motor Transport • Corning Cable Systems • Erie Insurance • Kumho Tire Administrators • Human Factors North • Association of Global Automakers • Crack Sealant Consortium • ERTICO • Last Resource • Capital Area Transit System in Baton • Hume Center • Assured Information Security Rouge • Crash Avoidance Metrics Partnership • Escrypt • Leidos (CAMP) • Hyundai Kia • Atkins Global • Carnegie Mellon Robotics Institute • European Commission • Lisboa, Inc. • Crash Safety Research • Hyundai Motor Company • Atlantic Construction Fabric • Carnegie Mellon University • Fairfax County Transit • Litton Network Access Systems • CSAA Insurance Group • IAOV Chemnitz • Attention Technologies, Inc. • CARPI USA • Fairfax County, Va. • Long Road Racing • CUBRC • IDEA Programs • Auburn University • Case Western Reserve University • Federal Highway Administration • Lord Corporation • Delaware Department of Motor Vehicles • Illinois Department of Transportation • Autoliv • Catapult Transport Systems • Federal Motor Carrier Safety • Loughborough University • Delaware Technical and Community College Administration • Illuminating Engineering Society of North • Automotive Events • Center for Innovative Technology America • Louisiana Public Transit Association • Delft University of Technology • FEV

30 31 • Maccaferri • National Institute for Occupational • North Carolina Department of • Purdue University • Software Technology, Inc. • University of Iowa Safety and Health Transportation • MaineWay Services • Qatar National Research Fund • South Carolina Department of • University of Maryland • National Institute of Advanced Industrial • North Carolina State University Transportation • MCI Federal Science and Technology in Japan • Qualcomm • University of Massachusetts/Amherst • Oak Ridge National Laboratories • South Dakota State University • Mercedes-Benz • National Institute of Aerospace • Realtime Technologies, Inc. • University of Massachusetts – Lowell • Office of the Assistant Secretary for • Southwest Research Institute • Meritor WABCO • National Institutes of Health Research and Technology • REI Safety Services, Inc. • University of Massachusetts Medical • Spire Innovations Center • Merritt C. Becker, Jr. University of New • National Parks • Ohio State University • Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Orleans Transportation Institute • Systems Technology, Inc. • University of Michigan Transportation • National Private Truck Council • Oilcom • Research and Special Programs Research Institute • Mesilla Valley Transportation Administration • SwissRe • National Renewable Energy Laboratory • Omni Weight Corporation • University of Minnesota • Michelin • RGS Associates, Inc. • Takata • National Science Foundation • Optimal CAE • University of Missouri • Mid-Atlantic Broadband • Ricardo, Inc. • TASS • National Surface Transportation Safety • OptimumG • University of Missouri- Columbia • Minnesota Department of Transportation Center for Excellence • RoadSafe • Tesla • OrbComm • University of Nevada, Reno • James A. Misener (Consultant) • National Transit Institute • ROHO, Inc. • Texas A&M Transportation Institute • OSRAM SYLVANIA • University of New South Wales • Mississippi Department of Transportation • National Transportation Research Center, • Rowan University • Texas Department of Transportation Inc. • Outdoor Advertising Association of America • University of North Carolina • The MITRE Corporation • Rutgers, The State University of New • TNO Defense, Security and Safety • NAUTO, Inc. • PACCAR, Inc. Jersey • University of North Carolina Highway • ModComp • Tom Tom Safety Research Center • Navistar International • Pacific Northwest National Laboratory • SAE International • Montana State University – Western • TORC Robotics • University of North Florida Transportation Institute • NEC Laboratories • Pacific-Sierra Research • Savari • Town of Blacksburg • University of Pennsylvania • Monterey Technologies, Inc. • Neusoft • Parsons Brinckerhoff • Schneider • Toyota • University of South Carolina • Montgomery County, Va. • New Orleans Amalgamated Transit Union • PB Farradyne, Inc. • Science Applications International Corporation • TransAnalytics • University of South Dakota • Morgan State University • New River Valley Planning District • PB World Commission • Science Museum of Western Virginia • Transecurity • University of South Florida • Motor Coach Industries • Peloton Technology • New York City Transit Authority • Scientex • Transport Canada • University of Texas at Austin • Motorcycle Safety Foundation • Penn State University • NEXCO- West Japan • Scitor Corporation • Transurban • University of Toronto • MRI Global • Pennsylvania Department of • Nexen Tire Transportation • SEA Limited • Travelers Insurance • University of Utah • Munich Reinsurance America, Inc. • Nissan • Performance Fuels System • Security Innovation Company • TrueMotion • University of Virginia • Nanosonic, Inc. LLC • Nissan Research Center, Silicon Valley • Philips Lighting • Shandong University • TUV Rheinland Mobility, Inc. • University of Washington • National Academy of Sciences • Noblis • Pierce Transit • Shenandoah Telephone • United Defense, L.P. • University of Wyoming • National Academy of Sciences Transportation Research Board • Norfolk Southern Railroad • Pitt Ohio • Shentel Service Company • University of Alabama at Birmingham • UPS

• National Chiao Tung University • North American Fatigue Management • Plymouth Rock Assurance • Siecor/Corning • University of Calgary • U.S. Air Force Program • National Cooperative Highway Research • Princeton Lightwave • Siemens • University of Central Florida • U.S. Army Research Laboratory Program • North Carolina A&T State University • Professional Truck Driving Institute • SmartCap Technologies • University of Idaho • U.S. Department of Agriculture • National Highway Traffic Safety • North Carolina Agricultural and technical ChooseMyPlate.gov Program Administration State University • PSMJ Resources, Inc. • Snow Economics • University of Illinois

32 33 • U.S. Department of Defense • Virginia Department of Rail and Public • Volvo Trucks North America Transportation Outreach and Community Engagement • U.S. Department of Energy • Washington State Department of • Virginia Department of Transportation Transportation During FY17, numerous representatives of current and potential sponsoring/partnering organizations, marketing groups, and conference groups • U.S. Department of Justice visited VTTI and/or the Smart Road, including: • Virginia Department of Transportation • Wayne State University • U.S. Department of Transportation Operations and Security Division • AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety • NASA Langley • Virginia Tech administration • Weigh-In-Motion • Valeo Comfort and Driving Assistance • Virginia Rail Policy Institute • AAA Mid-Atlantic • National Highway Traffic Safety • Virginia Tech Bridges, Builders, and Society Systems North America • West Virginia State Administration (student organization) • Virginia Tech Foundation • Center for Advanced Transportation • Vehicle Safety Communications 3 (VSC3) • WESTAT Mobility University Transportation Center • National Institute of Advanced Industrial • Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute • Virginia Tech Parking Auxiliary Science and Technology • Veridian • Western Research Institute • Engineering Research and Science Committee • Virginia Tech Civil and Environmental • Virginia Tourism Commission for the Canadian Deputy Ministers of • National Safety Council Engineering (students) • Virginia Center for Autonomous Systems • Windwalker Corporation Transport • Virginia Transportation Research Council • National and local media • Virginia Tech Corporate Research Center • Virginia Department of Conservation and • Wisconsin Department of Transportation • Federal Highway Administration Recreation • Visteon Corporation • Office of the Mayor of Roanoke • Virginia Tech Psychology Department • Wyle Laboratories • Flagger Force • Virginia Department of Environmental • Volkswagen-Audi • TORC • Virginia Tech University Relations Quality • ZF TRW • General Motors • Volvo • Transurban • Visitors from India • Virginia Department of Motor Vehicles • • Meridian International Center • Volvo Technology of America, Inc. • Vintage Motor Car Club of America • Montgomery County Regional Tourism

In partnership with employees from VDOT, the institute hosted an open house for the general public and a school day event (grades K-12) in April 2017, with nearly 400 in attendance.

The Smart Road and other VDOT/VTTI facilities (e.g., VAC/VCC) were well represented at several international and national industry conferences, including:

• 3rd International Street Lighting + Smart Controls Conference, • Lifesavers Conference Brisbane, Australia • Michigan Traffic Safety Summit • 10th International Conference on Managing Fatigue • National Capital Region/Fairfax County Autonomous Vehicles Event • Automated Vehicles Symposium • Ninth International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driving • Department of Energy LED R&D Workshop Assessment, Training, and Vehicle Design

• Fifth International Symposium on Naturalistic Driving Research • SAE Government/Industry Meeting

• Governors Highway Safety Association • SAE World Congress

• Illuminating Engineering Society Annual Conference • Sixth International Symposium on Naturalistic Driving Research, The Hague, Netherlands • International Association of Chiefs of Police • Street and Area Lighting Conference • ITS of Virginia Annual Meeting • Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting • ITS World Congress • VDOT Career Fair • ITSA Annual Meeting • VDOT Construction Inspectors Conference

34 35 • ParlamentníListy • Tech Target • The Virginian-Pilot* • WHIO

Media Coverage FY 2017 • PC Magazine • Technical.ly DC • Tidewater News • White Mountain Independent • 1asig.ro (Romanian) • CNN* • Government Technology* • Market Watch* • Pedien (Korean) • The Cavalier Daily (UVA) • TIME • Wicked Local (Cambridge) • 20 Minutos (Spanish) • Collegiate Times (VT) • Greater Greater • Marketwired* • Pekin Daily Times • The Chippewa Herald • Times of Oman • WIRED Magazine* • ABC WSET 13 • Commercial Carrier Washington • Mashable Journal* • PR Newswire* • The Chronicle Herald • Top Examiner • Wirtschafts Woche • Albuquerque Journal • Gulf Times (Qatar • McAlester News-Capital • Concord Monitor newspaper) • PR Web* • The Daily Herald • Traffic Technology Today • WJLA • Alexandria News • MilTech • Daily Ardmoreite • Hard News • PR.com • The Daily Times • Transport Topics* • WMAL • American Trucker • Monday Morning • Daily Sabah • Hartford Courant • Providence Journal • The Detroit News • Trenchless Technology • WRIC 8 • Anchorage Press • Motoblog • deasy (Greek) • Hello Giggles • Rambler News Service • The Drive • Trib Live* • WSAU • Augusta Free Press* • Motor Sports Newswire (Russian) • Digital Journal* • Herald Journal • The Globe and Mail • Trucking Info • WSET* • Auto Car Professional • Motorcycle & Passports • Rappler • Driverless Transportation* • Herald Mail Media* News • The Hillsdale Daily News • Tulsa World • WSLS 10* • Auto Evolution • rdnewsnow.com • Duluth News Tribune • Humboldt Journal • Motorcyclist • The Island Packet • Unión de Morelos (Spanish) • WTOP* • Autoflotte • Richmond Times-Dispatch • Durant Daily Democrat • iCarros (Spanish) • Mount Olive Chronicle • The Journal • USDOT • WUSA9 • AZ Central* • Ride Apart • Ekathimerini (Greek) • Idaho State Journal • myhorrynews.com • The Korea BizWire • UVA • WVTF • Benchmark Monitor • Saarbruecker-Zeitung • El Motor (Spanish)* • IEEE Spectrum • MyPalmBeachPost • The Morning Bulletin • Ventura County Star • Yahoo! News* • Blackburn News • San Francisco Chronicle • Equipment World • Inside Big Data • Naples Florida Weekly • The National Law Review • Verkeers Net (Dutch) • Yahoo! Tech • Bolivar Morning News • SCVNews.com • EurekAlert • Insurance Journal • Naples Herald • The New York Times* • Virginia Business Magazine* • YourWestValley • Brunswick-Times Gazette • Shreveport Times • Euro2Day (Greek) • KAST 1370AM • NBC 29 • The New Yorker • Virginia Tech News* Το Βήμα Online (Greek) • Bulgaria Sega (Bulgarian) • Slate Journal • Fairfax County • Knoxville City View • NBC News • The News & Observer • Wall Street Journal Сводка Украинских и Мировых • Burlington County News • South Peace News Новостей • Finanzen (German) • KSL.com • NBC Washington* • The News Herald • WalletHub • Business Wire • Sport Rider Magazine • Florida Record • La Prima Pagina (Italian) • NBC WSLS 10 • The Newtown Bee • WAMU • Canadian Urban Network • State Tech • Fort Madison Daily • Law Firm Newswire • News 4 Tucson • The Peninsula Qatar • Washington Post* • Cars.com • sUAS News Democrat • Lexology • News Leader (via WaPo) • The Register-Herald • WBUR 90.9 • CBC News (Canada) • S d deutsche • FOX5 News* • Lifehacker • News.de • The Roanoke Star* • WDBJ* • Charles River Analytics • Sun News Report • Fredericksburg.com • Lifehacker Australia • Newswise/Virginia Tech • The Roanoke Times* • WDIV Detroit • Charlottesville Tomorrow • Supply Chain Dive • FreightWaves • Likehacker India • NPR’s Morning Edition • The San Diego Union-Tribune • Wealth Daily • Chicago Tribune* • Tahlequah Daily Press • Fuel Marketer News • Liputan 6 (Indonesian) • NRV News • The Tech Portal • WFIR News • Chinchilla News • Tech Crunch • GCN • Loudon Now • Observer Tribune • The Telegraph • WFXR* • CNET • Tech News Gazette *Denotes media outlets • GoDanRiver* • Mann.tv • Overdrive Magazine* • The Trucker • WHAG that covered VTTI more than once during 2017

36 37 Bhagavathula, R and Gibbons, R. (2016). A Systems Level Approach to Intersection Lighting Design and its effects on Visibility. IES 2016 Street PRESENTATIONS, HONORS, AWARDS, and and Area Lighting Conference, Los Angeles, CA. SERVICES Blanco, M., Russell, S., Fitchett, V., Trimble, T., & Rau, P. (2017). Mixed-function automation naturalistic driving study. Poster presented at the Automated Vehicles Symposium 2017, San Francisco, CA. Retrieved from https://higherlogicdownload.s3.amazonaws.com/AUVSI/14c12c18- fde1-4c1d-8548-035ad166c766/UploadedImages/2017/PDFs/Proceedings/Posters/Wednesday_Poster%205.pdf

Blanco, M. (2017). Level 2 Mixed-Function Automation Naturalistic Driving Study. SAE 2017 Government/Industry Meeting, Washington, DC.

Blanco, M. (2016). Mixed-Function Automation Naturalistic Driving Study. 3rd SIP-Adus Workshop, Tokyo, Japan.

Blanco, M. (2016). Automated Vehicles: Tomorrow is Today. AAMVA Annual Conference, Williamsburg, VA.

Blanco, M. (2016). Transformational Technologies: Can Our Research Processes Keep Up?. Automated Vehicles Symposium, San Francisco, CA.

Blanco, M. (2016). Mixed-function Automation Naturalistic Driving Study. Poster presented at Automated Vehicles Symposium, San Francisco, CA.

Bowden, Z. (2016). Alertness in the Truck Driver Scheduling Problem. Decision Sciences Institute Annual Meeting, Austin, TX.

Bowden, Z. (2017). A Model for Truck Driver Scheduling with Fatigue Management. 10th International Conference on Managing Fatigue, San Diego, CA.

Camden, M. C. (2017). Invited webinar: Improving Fleet Safety with Driver Monitoring Systems. Fleetio, Inc.

Camden, M. C. (2017). Keynote address: Virginia Tech Transportation Institute’s Center for Truck and Bus Safety. Southwest Virginia PRESENTATIONS Transportation Council, Roanoke, VA.

Alden, A. (2017). The I-81 Corridor Coalition. Northern Shenandoah Valley Regional Commission. Camden, M. C., Hickman, J. S., Medina-Flintsch, A., Bryce, J., Flintsch, G., Williams, A. K., & Hanowski, R. J. (2017). Winter Maintenance Operators’ and Managers’ Opinions and Perceptions of Fatigue. Paper presented at the 10th International Conference on Managing Fatigue, San Alden, A. (2017). The I-81 Corridor Coalition. Metropolitan Area Planning Organization, Lakeway, TN. Diego, CA.

Alden, A. (2017). The I-81 Corridor Coalition. The New River Valley Planning District. Camden, M. C., Hickman, J. S., & Hanowski, R. J. (2016). A Guide to Effectively Implement Safety Monitoring Technologies. Presentation at the 2016 Fleet Safety Conference, Schaumburg, IL. Alden, A. (2017). The I-81 Corridor Coalition. Northeastern Pennsylvania Focus 81 Event. Chaka, M. (2017). Research Solutions to Safely Navigate the Route to Automated-vehicle Deployment. Presented at CSG Autonomous & Alden, A. (2017). The I-81 Corridor Coalition. I-81 Corridor Coalition Annual Meeting. Connected Vehicle Policy Academy, Detroit, MI.

Alden, A. (2017). Future Corridor. I-81 Corridor Coalition Annual Meeting. Chen, G. X., Fang, Y., Guo, F., & Hanowski, R. J. (2017). Truck driver sleep patterns influence driving performance. 10th International Conference on Managing Naturalistic Driving Research, San Diego, CA. Alden, A. (2017). Innovations in Infrastructure, Goods Movement and Vehicle Technologies. National Association of Counties: Keeping Counties Moving. Chen, G. X., Fang, Y., Guo, F., & Hanowski, R. J. (2016). The influence of daily sleep patterns of commercial truck drivers on driving performance. Fifth International Symposium on Naturalistic Driving Research, Blacksburg, VA. Alden, A. (2017). Webinar presentation: Innovations in Infrastructure, Goods Movement and Vehicle Technologies. National Association of Counties: Keeping Counties Moving. Chen, G. X., Fang, Y., Guo, F., & Hanowski, R. J. (2016). Trucker sleep patterns influence safety-critical events. Paper presented at the Fifth International Symposium on Naturalistic Driving Research, Blacksburg, VA. Alden, A. (2017). The I-81 Corridor Coalition. Roanoke Valley Regional Commission TPO Meeting. Dingus, T.A. (2017). Invited keynote: The automation (r)evolution in the U.S. VDA Automotive SYS Conference, Berlin, Germany. Antin, J. F., Guo, F., Fang, Y., Dingus, T. A., Hankey, J. M., & Perez, M. A. (2017). The influence of functional health on seniors’ driving risk and mobility using naturalistic driving study data. 6th International Symposium on Naturalistic Driving Research, Hague, Netherlands. Doerzaph, Z. (2017). Infrastructure Considerations for Connected and Automated Vehicles. Paper presented at the Transportation Research Board 93rd Annual Meeting, Washington, DC. AAtwood, J. (2017). Impact of Cell Phone Use on Crash Risk. Joint Statistical Meeting, Baltimore, MD. Dunn, N. J., Hickman, J. S., Soccolich, S. A., Medina, A., & Hanowski, R. J. (2017). A Quantitative Assessment of Driver Detention Times in Atwood, J. (2017). Evaluating Driver Response to Active Warning Systems in L2 Automated Vehicles. Transportation Review Board Annual Meeting, Commercial Motor Vehicle Operations. Paper presented at the 10th International Conference on Managing Fatigue, San Diego, CA. Washington, DC. Druta, C., Alden, A., & Donaldson, B. (2017). Evaluation of a Buried Cable Sensor for Animal Detection. TRB 96th Annual Meeting, Washington, Bhagavathula, R. & Gibbons, R. B. (2017). The Effect of Work Zone Lighting on Drivers’ Visual Performance and Perceptions of Glare. In DC. Transportation Research Board 96th Annual Meeting (No. 17-04641). Druta, C. (2016). Utilization of Intrinsic Vehicle Sensors to Enhance Winter Maintenance Operations. TRB 2016 Summer Workshop Program, Bhagavathula, R. & Gibbons, R. B. (2017). Toward Modeling the Effect of Vertical Illuminance on Perceived Glare in Work Zones. In Transportation Session 7A, Asheville, NC. Research Board 96th Annual Meeting (No. 17-04650).

38 39 Eiríksdóttir, H., Engström, J., & Bärgman, J. (2017). The perfect mismatch: Analysis of rear-end crash causation mechanisms based on naturalistic Hanowski, R. J. (2017). Invited presentation: Heavy Vehicle Safety Research: Moving from Findings to Countermeasures. Qatar Transportation crash data. Extended abstract presented at the Sixth International Naturalistic Driving Research Symposium, The Hague, the Netherlands. and Traffic Safety Center.

Elhenawy, M., El-Shawarby, I., & Rakha, H. (2016). Modeling the Perception Reaction Time and Deceleration Level for Different Surface Conditions Hickman, J. S., Camden, M. C., & Hanowski, R. J. (2017). Safety Benefits via Electronic Monitoring of Hours-of-Service Regulations: An Using Machine Learning Techniques. Seventh International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2016), Orlando, FL. Observational Approach. Paper presented at the 10th International Conference on Managing Fatigue, San Diego, CA.

El-Shawarby, I., Rakha, H., Amer, A., & McGhee, C. (2016). Characterization of Driver Perception-Reaction Time at the Onset of a Yellow Hickman, J. S., Camden, M. C., & Hanowski, R. J. (2016). A Pilot Naturalistic Driving Study on Fatigue in Winter Maintenance Operations. Paper Indication. Seventh International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2016), Orlando, FL. presented at the annual International Conference & Workshop on Winter Maintenance and Surface Transportation Weather, Colorado.

Engstrom, J. (2017). What does it mean to be in the loop? 10th International Conference on Managing Fatigue, San Diego, CA. Klauer, S. G. (2017). Crash Risk Associated with Driver Distraction and Drowsiness: The Latest Findings from Naturalistic Driving Studies. Accident Reconstruction Conference, Nashville, TN. Engstrom, J. (2017). Understanding and preventing crashes: An overview of truck and bus safety research at VTTI. Edulog User Conference, Las Vegas, NV. Klauer, S. G. (2017). Evaluating Driver Drowsiness Using ORD Ratings: Preliminary Findings from the Canada Naturalistic Driving Study. 10th International Conference on Managing Fatigue, San Diego, CA. Engstrom, J. (2017). Why do trucks crash? I-81 Consortium Meeting, Martinsburg, WV. Klauer, S. G. (2017). Distracted Driving and Crash Risk Across Drivers of Different Age Groups. LifeSavers Conference, Charlotte, NC. Engström, J., Markkula, G., & Merat, N. (2017). Modeling the effect of cognitive load on driver reactions to a braking lead vehicle: A computational account of the cognitive control hypothesis. Paper presented at the Fifth International Conference of Driver Distraction and Inattention, Paris, Klauer, S. G. (2017). Teen Driving Research: How to Reduce Teen Crash Rates. New Hampshire Transportation Safety Conference, Concord, NH. France. Klauer, S. G. (2016). Distracted Driving and Risk of Road Crashes Across Drivers of Different Age Groups. Governor’s Highway Safety Association, Flintsch, G., Tighe, S., & Zarghampour, H. (2017). Challenges and Opportunities for Incorporating Sustainability into Pavement Management. Seattle, WA. Presented at the World Conference on Pavement and Asset Management, Baveno, Italy. Klauer, S. G. (2016). Analysis of Run-Off Road Safety Critical Events in Southwest Virginia. Fifth International Symposium on Naturalistic Driving Flintsch, G. W. (2017). Keynote: The Virginia Smart Road. Ontario Road Builders Association - Innovation Convention, Toronto, Canada. Research, Blacksburg, VA.

Flintsch, G. (2017). Webinar: Use of Traffic-Speed Deflection in Network-Level PMS Applications. Transportation Research Board. Klauer, S. G. (2016). Using Real-Time and Post Hoc Feedback to Improve Driving Safety for Novice Drivers. Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, Washington, DC. Flintsch, G. W., Santos, J., & Ferreira, A. (2016). Multi-objective Optimization Approach for Sustainable Pavement Maintenance and Rehabilitation Programming. 11th National Conference on Transportation Asset Management, Minneapolis, MN. Klauer, S. G. (2016). Distracted Driving and Risk of Road Crashes Across Drivers of Different Age Groups. VA Distraction Summit, Newport News, VA. Flintsch, G. W., & Qiao, Y. (2016). Impact of Climate Change on the Performance, Maintenance, and Life-Cycle Costs of Flexible Pavements. 11th National Conference on Transportation Asset Management, Minneapolis, MN. Klauer, S. G. (2016). Partnering for the Privilege: Parent-Teen Driving Contracts. Parent-Teen Safe Driving Meeting, Northside High School, Roanoke, VA. Flintsch, G. (2016). One-week graduate course: Advanced Pavement Design. Universidad de Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia. Klauer, S. G. (2016). Future of Teen Driving Safety Research at VTTI. STSCE Fall Meeting, Blacksburg, VA. Flintsch, G. (2016). Webinar: Measurement and Evaluation of Pavement Splash and Spray. Transportation Research Board. Krum, A. J. (2017). Webinar: Report 185: Bus Operator Workstation Design for Improving Occupational Health and Safety; Part II, Design Flintsch, G. W. (2016). Invited presentation: The Role of the US in Road Research, Contributions from the Virginia Tech Transportation Institute. Guidance Tools: Ergonomics Engineering and Bus Design Focus. National Transit Institute (NTI). Retrieved from https://ce-catalog.rutgers.edu/ First European Road infrastructure Congress, Leeds, UK. courseDisplay.cfm?schID=63875.

Flintsch, G. W. (2016). Invited presentation: Road Safety, Role of Research and Innovation. First European Road infrastructure Congress, Leeds, Larsson, P., Engström, J., & Wege, C. (2017). Virtual eye height and display height influence visual distraction measures in simulated driving UK. conditions. Paper presented at the 5th International Conference of Driver Distraction and Inattention, Paris, France.

Glaser, Y., Guo, F., Fang, Y., Deng, B., & Hankey, J. (2016). Investigate moped-vehicle conflicts in China using a naturalistic driving study approach. Mabry, J. Erin. (2017). Evaluation of Research on Commercial Motor Vehicle Drivers with Moderate-to-Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Fifth International Symposium on Naturalistic Driving Research, Blacksburg, VA. Literature Review to Inform Industry Regulations. Presented at the 10th International Conference on Managing Fatigue, San Diego, CA.

Guo, F. (2016). Invited session: Statistical Challenges in Evaluating the Impact of Driver Behavior for Naturalistic Driving Study. Using the Markkula, G., & Engström. J. (2017). Simulating effects of arousal on lane keeping: Are drowsiness and cognitive load opposite ends of a single Extraordinary Power of Statistics for Transportation Safety Research, Federal Highway Administration, Joint Statistical Meeting. spectrum? Paper presented at the10th International Conference on Managing Fatigue, San Diego, CA.

Guo, F. (2016). The Impact of Driver Behavior on Safety: Results from Naturalistic Driving Study. Traffic Safety Symposium, Shanghai. McCall, R. (2017). How Naturalistic Data Adds to our Understanding of Motorcycle Rider Behavior. 2017 Michigan Traffic Safety Summit, East Lansing, MI. Hammond, R., Soccolich, S., & Hanowski, R. (2017). The Impact of Driver Distraction in Tractor-Trailers and Motorcoach Buses. Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Managing Fatigue, San Diego, CA. McCall, R. (2017) Relevant Research for Protecting Motorcyclists from the Virginia Tech Transportation Institute. Fort Lee, VA.

Hammond, R., Perez, M., & Hanowski, R. (2017). FMCSA Data Repository. Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Managing McCall, R., McLaughlin, S., Rainey, C., & Williams, V. (2017). Invited talk: MSF 100 study results and recent connected motorcycle efforts at the Fatigue, San Diego, CA. VTTI. Michigan Traffic Safety Summit, East Lansing, MI.

Hanowski, R. J. (2017). Invited keynote address: Commercial Motor Vehicle Driver Fatigue, Health, and Safety: New Research, Promising McCall, R., Rainey, C., Williams, V., & McLaughlin, S. (2016). Curves as a Risk Factor for Motorcyclists. Podium presentation, Fifth International Countermeasures, and Areas of Opportunity. First Annual SmartDrive Customer Conference, Atlanta, GA. Symposium on Naturalistic Driving Research, Blacksburg, VA.

40 41 McCall, R., McLaughlin, S., Fritz, S., & Buche, T. (2016). Riding-day Motorcyclists Riding Frequencies. Motorcycle Research and Technology Williams, V., McLaughlin, S., & Buche, T. (2016). Selected Lane Position as Motorcyclists Approach and Traverse Intersections. Paper presented at Workshop. Podium Presentation, Fifth International Symposium on Naturalistic Driving Research, Blacksburg, VA. the Fifth International Symposium on Naturalistic Driving Research, Blacksburg, VA.

McClafferty, J. (2017). Personality Characteristics and Driving Habits Associated with Frequency of Seatbelt Use. Transportation Research Board Williams, V., McLaughlin, S., McCall, R., & Buche, T. (2016). Motorcyclists’ Self-Reported Riding Mileage Versus Actual Riding Mileage in the Annual Meeting, Washington, DC. Following Year. Paper presented at the Fifth International Symposium on Naturalistic Driving Research, Blacksburg, VA.

Neurauter, M. L., Roan, M., Song, M., Harwood, L., Moore, D., & Glaser, D. (2017). Electric Vehicle Detectability by the Vision Impaired: Quantifying Williams, V., McLaughlin, S., Atwood, J., & Buche, T. (2016). Factors that Increase and Decrease Motorcyclist Crash Risk. Paper presented at The Impact of Vehicle Generated Acoustic Signatures on Minimum Detection Distances. 25th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced International Motorcycle Safety Conference, Köln, Germany. Safety of Vehicles (ESV), Detroit, MI. Student Presentations Owens, J. M. (2017). Opportunities & Risks for Automated Vehicle/Pedestrian Interactions. Lifesavers 2017 Conference, Charlotte, NC. Includes presentations made in collaboration with student author(s)

Owens, J. M. (2016). What is the Current State of VRU/Vehicle Interaction? Breakout Session #14, Automated Vehicles Symposium, San Chen, H., Rakha, H. A., Loulizi, A., Almannaa, M., & El-Shawarby, I. (2016). Development and Field Testing of an Eco-Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Francisco, CA. Control System in the Vicinity of Signalized Intersections. Presented at ITS America, San Jose, CA, June 12-16.

Perez, M. (2016). Seminar: Human Factors and Ergonomics Research at the Virginia Tech Transportation Institute. HFES Penn State Student Jahangiri, A., Elhenawy, M., Rakha, H., & Dingus, T. (2017). Studying Cyclist Violations at Stop Sign Controlled Intersections using Naturalistic Chapter, State College, PA. Cycling Data. Presented at the 96th Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting, Washington DC, Jan. 7-12. [Paper # 17-00214]

Perez, M. (2016). Seminar: SHRP 2 NDS: Database Content, Access, Analyses. Pennsylvania State Police Crash Reconstruction Seminar, State Jahangiri, A., Elhenawy, M., Rakha, H., & Dingus, T. (2016). Investigating Cyclist Violations at Signal Controlled Intersections Using Naturalistic College, PA. Cycling Data. 19th IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Nov. 1-4.

Rainey, C., & McLaughlin, S. (2016). Deceleration Differences Between Novice and Experienced Riders. Presentation at the Motorcycle Research Noble, A. M., Kusano, K. D., Scanlon, J. M., Doerzaph, Z. R., & Gabler, H. C. (2016). Driver Approach and Traversal Trajectories for signalized and Technology Workshop, Blacksburg, VA. Intersections Using Naturalistic Data. Paper presented at the Transportation Research Board 95th Annual Meeting, Washington DC.

Rainey, C., & McLaughlin, S. (2017). Invited talk: MSF 100 Motorcyclists Naturalistic Study Update. Connecticut Rider Education Program, Sarkar, A., Abbott, L., & Doerzaph, Z. (2016). Towards Skin Detection from Grayscale Image Using Local Texture Features. Paper presented at the Cromwell, CT. Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Las Vegas, Nevada.

Rainey, C., & McLaughlin, S. (2017). A Naturalistic Look at Motorcyclist Acceleration and Deceleration Behaviour. Presentation at the 6th Sarkar, A., Abbott, L., & Doerzaph, Z. (2016). Skin detection for SHRP2 face video. Paper presented at the Fifth International Symposium on International Naturalistic Driving Research Symposium, The Hague, Netherlands. Naturalistic Driving Research, Blacksburg, VA.

Roan, M., Neurauter, M. L., Moore, D., & Glaser, D. (2017). Electric Vehicle Detectability: a Methods-Based Approach to Assess Artificial Noise Sarkar, A., Abbott, L., & Doerzaph, Z. (2016). Biometric Authentication Using Photoplethysmography Signals. Paper presented at the 9th IEEE Impact on the Ability of Pedestrians to Safely Detect Approaching Electric Vehicles. SAE 2017 Noise and Vibration Conference and Exhibition, International Conference on Biometrics: Theory, Applications, and Systems. Grand Rapids, MI. Sarkar, A., Abbott, L., Doerzaph, Z., & Sykes, K. (2016). Evaluation of Video Magnification for Nonintrusive Heart Rate Measurement. Paper Schaudt, W. A., Shutko, J., & Russell, S. (2017). Judging a Car by its Cover - Human Factors Implications for Automated Vehicle External presented at the Control, Measurement, and Instrumentation, Kolkata, India. Communication. 2017 Automated Vehicles Symposium: Human Factors Breakout Session, San Francisco, CA. Sarkar, A. (2017). Universal Skin Detection Without Color Information. Paper presented at the IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Schaudt, W. A. (2017). Keynote speaker: What we Know we Don’t Know about Automated Vehicles on our Roadways. Intelligent Transportation Computer Vision - 2017, Santa Rosa, CA. Society of Virginia Annual Meeting, Richmond, VA. Song, M. (2016). Crash Warning Systems for Connected Vehicles: Motorcycle Applications. Presented at the Motorcycle Research and Technology Schaudt, W. A. (2017). Implications of Roadway Design on the Successful Deployment of Automated Vehicles. Northern Virginia District, Virginia Workshop, Fifth International Symposium on Naturalistic Driving Research, August 30-September 1, Blacksburg, VA. Department of Transportation Construction Inspectors Conference, Herndon, VA.

Schaudt, W. A. (2017). Automated Vehicles and Implications for Roadway and Infrastructure Design. Lynchburg District, Virginia Department of Transportation Construction Inspectors Conference, Farmville, VA. HONORS, AWARDS, AND SERVICE TO THE PROFESSION

Schaudt, W. A. (2017). Keynote speaker: Collaborative Approach for Generating Economic Opportunity in Automation. Jacobs Technology Days, Andy Alden held in conjunction with the Virginia AeroSpace Business Association and the Hampton Roads Unmanned Systems Opportunity Exchange, Appointed to the National Academies Transportation Research Board ADC30 Committee on Roadside Ecology Hampton Roads, VA. Appointed Vice-Chair of the National Academies Transportation Research Board ADC60 Resource Conservation and Resource Conservation Schaudt, W. A. (2017). Panel member: In-Depth Unmanned Systems Market Analysis. Jacobs Technology Days, held in conjunction with the Committee Virginia AeroSpace Business Association and the Hampton Roads Unmanned Systems Opportunity Exchange, Hampton Roads, VA. TRB Project Panel, Comparison of Cost, Safety, and Environmental Benefits of Routine Mowing and Managed Succession of Roadside Schaudt, W. A. (2017). Invited speaker: Virginia Tech’s Automated Vehicle Research Program. Virginia Department of Transportation District Vegetation, 2017 Meeting, Culpeper, VA. Virginia State Legislature Virginia Department of Transportation Briefing on Interstate 81, 2017 Williams, V., & McLaughlin, S. (2017). Invited talk: Using New Research to Understand & Address Motorcyclist Behavior, Attitudes & Crashes. Lifesavers National Conference on Highway Safety Priorities, Charlotte, NC.

42 43 Myra Blanco Kathy Oliver 2017 U.S. Government Award for Safety Engineering Excellence Virginia Tech Diversity Ally Certificate

Tom Dingus Virginia Tech Diversity Advocate Certificate Member, Board of Directors, Intelligent Transportation Society of America Hesham Rakha Member, Board of Directors, Association for Unmanned Vehicle Systems International Best Paper Award, 2nd International Conference on Vehicle Technology and Intelligent Transport Systems (VEHITS), Rome, Italy, 2016

Moderator, International Naturalistic Driving Research – Challenges and Solutions, Fifth International Symposium on Naturalistic Driving Research, Associate Editor, IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems Blacksburg, VA Associate Editor, Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems: Technology, Planning and Operations Cristian Druta Member, AH010 Committee on Surface Transportation Weather Editorial Board, Transportation Letters: The International Journal of Transportation Research

Johan Engstrom Editorial Board, IET Intelligent Transport Systems Journal Voting member, SAE Safety and Human Factors Standards Steering Committee Editorial Board, International Journal of Transportation Science and Technology Chair, SAE DVI Task Force 4: Evaluation Approaches, Prioritization and Mitigation Scientific Committee, 19th EURO Working Group on Transportation Meeting, Istanbul, Turkey, 2016 Liaison member, SAE On-road Automated Driving Committee Associate Editor, 19th IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2016 Member, U.S. delegation of the US-EU-JP Trilateral Working Group on Human Factors Associate Editor, IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium, Gothenburg, Sweden, 2016 Gerardo Flintsh Associate Editor, International Journal of Pavement Engineering, Taylor & Francis Member, ITS America Benefits Evaluation and Cost Committee

Secretary and Vice-Chair, Committee TC D.1 Road Asset Management (representing AASHTO), World Road Association/Permanent International Friend, Transportation Research Board Committee on Highway Capacity and Quality of Service (AHB40) Association of Road Congresses (PIARC) Friend, Transportation Research Board Committee on Artificial Intelligence (ABJ70) Chair, Subcommittee AFD00(1) on Sustainable Pavements, Transportation Research Board Member, Professional Engineers of Ontario (PEO) Chair (founding), Committee AFD30 General and Emerging Pavement Design, Transportation Research Board Member, Egyptian Syndicate of Engineers (No. 281/14) Member, Committee AFD80 Strength and Deformation Characteristics of Pavement Sections, Transportation Research Board Member, American Society for Civil Engineers (ASCE) Member, Committee AFD20 Pavement Data Collection, Transportation Research Board Member, Institute for Transportation Engineers (ITE) Member, Committee AFD40 Full Scale/Accelerated Pavement Testing, Transportation Research Board Member, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Member, Committee ABC40 Transportation Asset Management, Transportation Research Board Member, Transportation Research Board (TRB) Co-Chair, World Conference on Pavement and Asset Management, Pushing the evolution of transportation infrastructures: let’s shape the future of pavement and asset management, Baveno, Italy, 2017. Member, Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE)

Rich Hanowski Member, Transportation Research Board Committee on Air Quality Invited to serve on the Advisory Committee of the Occupational Injury Prevention Research Training program, University of Utah, 2017 Andy Schaudt Invited by the National Safety Council to serve on the ANSI Subcommittee for the development of standards to address automated vehicles in Moderator and Organizer, Human Factors Breakout Session, Automated Vehicles Symposium, San Francisco, CA fleets (Z15.3), 2017 Co-Convener, Automated Vehicles Terms & Definitions Task Force, ISO TC22/SC39 (Road Vehicle Ergonomics) Invited to serve on the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) COMVEC Executive Council, 2016 Reviewer, Journal of Safety Research Lead organizer for the 10th International Conference on Managing Fatigue, 2017

Jeff Hickman Chair, ANB70 Health and Wellness subcommittee

Member, Transportation Research Board’s Committee on Truck and Bus Safety (ANB70)

44 45 Bhagavathula, R., & Gibbons, R. B. (2017). Effect of Work Zone Lighting on Drivers’ Visual Performance and Perceptions of Glare. Publications Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, (2617), 44-51. Includes technical reports, journal articles, and conference proceedings. Bhagavathula, R., Gibbons, R. B., & Nussbaum, M. A. (2017). Effects of Intersection Lighting Design on Nighttime Visual Performance of Drivers. LEUKOS, 1-19.

Blanco, M., Hickman, J. S., Olson, R. L., Bocanegra, J. L., Hanowski, R. J., Nakata, A., Greening, M., Madison, P., Holbrook, G. T., & Bowman, D. (2016). Investigating critical incidents, driver restart period, sleep quantity, and crash countermeasures in commercial vehicle operations using naturalistic data collection. Report No. FMCSA-RRR-13-017. Washington, DC: Federal Motor Carrier and Safety Administration, USDOT.

Bocanegra, J., Hickman, J. S., & Hanowski, R. J. (2016). Comparative Analysis of the Large Truck Crash Causation Study and Naturalistic Driving Data. Report No. FMCSA-RRR-13-018. Washington, DC: Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration.

Boyle, L. N., Guo, E. H., Hammond, R. L., Hanowski, R. J., & Soccolich, S. A. (2016). Performance assessment of an onboard monitoring system for commercial motor vehicle drivers: A field operational test. Report No. FMCSA-RRR-15-019. Washington, DC: Federal Motor Carrier and Safety Administration, USDOT.

Bryce, J. M., Katicha, S. W., Diefenderfer, B. K., & Flintsch, G. W. (2016). Analysis of Repeated Network-Level Testing by the Falling Weight Deflectometer on I-81 in the Virginia Department of Transportation’s Bristol District (No. FHWA/VTRC 17-R6).

Burks, S. V., Anderson, J. E., Bombyk, M., Haider, R., Ganzhorn, D., Jiao, X., Lewis, C., Lexvold, A., Liu, H., Ning, J., Toll, A., Hickman, J. S., Mabry, J. E., Berger, M., Malhotra, A., Czeisler, C. A., & Kales, S. N. (2016). Nonadherence with employer-mandated sleep apnea treatment and increased risk of serious truck crashes. Sleep, 39(5), 1-9.

Camden, M. C., Medina-Flitch, A., Hickman, J. S., Miller, A. M., & Hanowski, R. J. (in press). Leveraging Large Truck Technology and Engineering to Realize Safety Gains: Automatic Emergency Braking Systems. Washington DC: AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety.

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Abdelmegeed, M., & Rakha, H. (2017). Heavy-Duty Diesel Truck Emission Modeling. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, (2627). doi:10.3141/2627-04.

Almannaa, M., Chen, H., Rakha, H., Loulizi, A., & El-Shawarby, I. (2017). Reducing Vehicle Fuel Consumption and Delay at Signalized Intersections: Controlled-Field Evaluation of Effectiveness of Infrastructure-to-Vehicle Communication. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2621.

Amarh, E. A., Fernandez-Gómez, W., Flintsch, G. W., Diefenderfer, B. K., & Bowers, B. F. (2017). Nondestructive In Situ Characterization of Elastic Moduli of Full-Depth Reclamation Base Mixtures. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, (2641), 1-11.

Bryce, J., Katicha, S., Flintsch, G., & Diefenderfer, B. K. (2016). Developing a Network-Level Structural Capacity Index for Composite Pavements. Journal of Infrastructure Systems, 23(1), 04016020.

Chen, C., & Guo, F. (2016). Evaluating the influence of crashes on driving risk using recurrent event models and Naturalistic Driving Study data. Journal of applied statistics, 43(12), 2225-2238.

Dehghani, M. S., Flintsch, G., & McNeil, S. (2017). Parametric Analysis of Roadway Infrastructure Vulnerability to Disruptions. Journal of Infrastructure Systems, 23(4), 04017017.

52 53 VTTI Stakeholders

Name Department/College

Thanassis Rikakis Office of the Provost Dwight Shelton Office of the Vice President for Finance and Chief Financial Officer Theresa Mayer Office of the Vice President for Research and Innovation Julia Ross Engineering Pam VandeVord Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics Sam Easterling Civil and Environmental Engineering Azim Eskandarian Mechanical Engineering Luke Lester Electrical and Computer Engineering Eileen Van Aken Industrial and Systems Engineering Robert Sumichrast Pamplin College of Business Paul Herr Marketing Sally Morton Science Ron Fricker Statistics Robert Schubert College of Architecture and Urban Studies Hunter Pittman Architecture + Design Anne Khademian Public Administration & Policy Tom Dingus Virginia Tech Transportation Institute Pascha Gerni Virginia Tech Transportation Institute Jon Hankey Virginia Tech Transportation Institute

54 55 fiscal year 2017

www.vtti.vt.edu