2020 FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT

Advancing Transportation Through Innovation ANNUAL REPORT 2020 FISCAL YEAR TABLE OF CONTENTS Mission & Vision 03

Message from the Director 05

Facilities & Institute Infrastructure 07

Project Highlights 13

Centers, Groups, & Initiatives 47

Sponsors, Clients, & Partners 57

Outreach, Community Engagement, & Media 65

Presentations, Honors, Awards, & Services 71

Publications 83

Stakeholders 101

01 02 The Virginia Tech Transportation Institute (VTTI) conducts research to save lives, save time, save money, and protect the environment. Researchers and students from multiple fields are continuously developing the techniques and technologies to solve transportation challenges from vehicular, driver, infrastructure, and MISSION environmental perspectives.

As one of seven premier research institutes & VISION created by Virginia Tech to answer national challenges, VTTI has effected significant change in public policies for driver, passenger, and pedestrian safety and is advancing the design of vehicles and infrastructure to increase safety and reduce environmental impacts.

03 04 Keep moving forward 2020 has been a tough fiscal year, given COVID-19 and its impact on our ability to conduct research that is largely based on human interactions. But now, not only are we safely resuming operations to lead critical transportation research efforts, we are seeing award numbers surpass those of previous years. Externally sponsored awards at VTTI exceeded $50 million in just over a year. Achieving this milestone, particularly in the midst of a global pandemic, is a testament to the extraordinary talent, hard work, and determination of our team of researchers. Major research advancements for fiscal year 2020 include: $15 million U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT) Automated Driving System Demonstration Grants VTTI received two $7.5 million grants from the USDOT to advance automated driving system research. The Automated Driving System Demonstration Grants program provides federal funding to projects that test methods for safely incorporating automated driving systems on U.S. roads. This funding is supporting research on managing mixed fleets and safely operating automated driving systems in challenging dynamic scenarios. Virginia Smart Roads Expansions The institute continued to expand the Virginia Smart Roads, which provide advanced vehicle testing capabilities on every road type (highway, surface, and rural) found in the United States. The final component of this effort, the Rural Roadway Expansion, will be complete by the fall. The Rural Roadway is designed to recreate the challenges of driving on rural roads and will be the first test bed of its kind built with automation and other MESSAGE FROM THE DIRECTOR advanced testing in mind. Automated Mobility Partnership (AMP) Program VTTI continued to advance AMP, a large, private industry, multi-sponsor initiative led by the institute and directed by industry steering committee members. AMP provides its members with access to a variety of real-world driving data and a suite of support tools TOM DINGUS focused on the development and evaluation of automated driving technologies. Drivers’ Knowledge and Correct Use of New Technology Features in Vehicles Sponsored by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, VTTI is partnering with ph.d., chfp Dunlap & Associates to study ways to maximize the safety and fatigue-reducing benefits of automated systems for older drivers. Refining Testable Cases and Scenarios Concepts Recently awarded, this project will develop and refine methods for evaluating models of SAE level 3 through 5 automated driving systems. Safety Implications of Potential Advanced Driver Assistance Systems Sensor Degradation Awarded last fall, the goal of this study is to understand the safety implications of sensor degradation in advanced driver assistance systems over a vehicle’s lifetime. While we recognize our year-end accomplishments, we are also planning for the future Director of VTTI and strictly following public health and university guidelines. Despite the challenging President of VTT, LLC realities that we all now face, our institute is looking forward to getting back to significant growth and helping the Virginia Tech research enterprise. We will continue to identify Endowed Professor of Engineering at Virginia Tech new solutions to transportation issues.

05 06 SURFACE STREET HIGHWAY SECTION

VTTI has an infrastructure worth more than $120 million that includes multiple test beds used extensively for real-world, impactful transportation research across both broad and edge-and-corner scenarios; more than 120,000 square feet of building space in Blacksburg and FACILITIES Alton, Va.; and more than 100 owned and leased institute infrastructure instrumented vehicles, including connected- automated light and heavy vehicles. VTTI also recently purchased an autonomous micro-transit shuttle that has been instrumented and deployed for a variety of automation research projects.

LIVE ROADWAY CONNECTOR RURAL ROADWAY EXPANSION 07 08 FACILITIES

01. Test Beds traffic and the closed test tracks of the Smart road safety research to provide efficient Roads while bringing the total length of the THE 15,000-SQUARE-FOOT AUTOMATION solutions to automated-vehicle testing. The Headquartered at VTTI, the Virginia Smart highway section to 2.5 miles; 3) The Rural HUB INCLUDES A FIVE-BAY GARAGE, A VAC was developed in answer to the Virginia Road is a controlled-access facility managed Roadway (Phase 1 opened Fall 2019, Phase II is governor’s 2015 proclamation declaring by the institute and owned and maintained opening in Fall 2020), which will be the first of MACHINE AND WELDING WORKSHOP, AND Virginia “open for business” in the realm of by the Virginia Department of Transportation its kind to facilitate advanced-vehicle testing AN EXTENSIVE TOOL SET automated vehicles. The proclamation allows (VDOT). The road is built to Federal on a controlled rural roadway environment, the testing of any automated vehicle on Highway Administration specificationswith hilly, winding roads; short site distances; Virginia roads under the guidance of VTTI. and features seven roadside equipment and infrastructure built to 1965 standards; The Virginia Smart Roads are designed to The Virginia Department of Motor Vehicles (RSE) units and two mobile roadside and 4) The Automation Hub (open now), complement the public testing capabilities will support research efforts performed by equipment sites that facilitate connected- located on-site at the Virginia Smart Roads offered by the Virginia Connected and VTTI in accordance with the proclamation. vehicle communications; an optical fiber and facilitating short turnaround projects Automated Corridors. In 2014, VTTI With assistance from the Commonwealth communication system; Ethernet fiber focused on advanced-vehicle testing in partnered with VDOT to unveil the Virginia of Virginia, the VAC will advance the transceivers and Ethernet switches; a collaboration with VTTI researchers, industry Connected Corridors (VCC), which comprise development, testing, and deployment of connected-vehicle-compatible intersection leaders, and Virginia Tech students, among the Smart Road and Interstates 66 and 495, automated-vehicle technology, with the controller model; varying pavement sections others. as well as U.S. 29 and U.S. 50 (one of the most ultimate goal of helping stakeholders create and in-pavement sensors; 75 weather- congested corridors in the U.S.). The VCC is robust automated and autonomous vehicles. making towers capable of producing snow, facilitating the real-world development and rain, and fog; a differential GPS base station virginia smart roads deployment of connected-vehicle technology Faculty and students associated with for precise vehicle locating; a signalized via dedicated short-range communications the U.S. Department of Transportation- intersection with complete signal phase and cellular technology. Using more than awarded Safety through Disruption National HIGHWAY (2.5 MILES LONG) 60 RSEs located along the corridors, VDOT University Transportation Center (Safe-D and timing control; a wireless mesh network ability to create rain, snow, fog, and ice variable control system; and variable pole and researchers from multiple institutes National UTC)—a consortium led by VTTI spacing designed to replicate more than 90% across the Commonwealth are implementing with partners Texas A&M Transportation of national highway lighting systems. connected applications that include traveler Institute and San Diego State University— information, lane closure alerts, and work have access to the Virginia Smart Roads In 2017, the institute held a ribbon cutting/ SURFACE STREET SECTION zone and incident management. and the VAC/VCC to perform research into groundbreaking ceremony with partners reconfigurable urban test bed disruptive technologies, such as automated VDOT and Virginia Tech to unveil four unique In 2015, VTTI partnered with VDOT, and connected vehicles, big data analytics, expansion projects, each building upon the Transurban, the Virginia Department and transportation as a service. Current UTC Smart Road testing capabilities and now of Motor Vehicles, and HERE (a high- projects include assessing the impacts of collectively known as the Virginia Smart RURAL ROADWAY EXPANSION definition mapping business) to unveil the connected-vehicle technology on automated- Roads: 1) The Surface Street (open now), first of its kind to test advanced vehicles Virginia Automated Corridors (VAC). This in a controlled rural environment vehicle safety, developing a connected smart which features a residential/urban layout initiative provides an automation-friendly vest for improved roadside work zone safety, with real and reconfigurable buildings, environment that government agencies, using disruptive technologies to support roundabout/stop-controlled intersections, auto manufacturers, and suppliers can use safety analyses, modeling driver responses automation-compatible pavement markings, LIVE ROADWAY CONNECTOR to test and certify their systems, providing during automated-vehicle failures, and and connectivity to the Smart Road; 2) allows seamless transitions between live a system migration path from test-track determining the safety perceptions of The Live Roadway Connector (open now), traffic and controlled test beds to real-world operating environments. The transportation network companies by the providing a seamless transition between live VAC leverages extensive experience in on- blind and visually impaired. 09 10 FACILITIES

02. Blacksburg Facilities seven-bay, 12,600-square-foot garage. This and storage operations. Computational testing environment that includes both facility is used to store the VTTI instrumented systems in the Andrews facility can also be closed-course and open traffic conditions. The traditional laboratories at VTTI are vehicle fleet and the equipment necessary dynamically configured to virtually reside The raceway track can be configured to five housed in four buildings totaling more than for research and Smart Roads operations. within the VTTI secure network, creating different courses ranging from 1.1 miles to 90,000 square feet. Building I is 30,000 an “Algorithmic Enclave.” Additional data 6.8 miles and includes such topography as Information Technology (IT) at VTTI square feet and houses office, laboratory, and centers at Steger Hall on the Virginia Tech hairpin curves and blind passes. provides end-to-end systems development garage facilities. Low-service laboratories campus and at the Fralin Biomedical Research and support that enable and enhance the include facilities dedicated to driver interface Institute in Roanoke, Va., provide redundancy research mission and vision of the institute. 04. Accelerated Pavement Testing development, eye-glance data reduction, and operate to ensure data retention and Services provided include support for daily lighting research, accident analysis, accident resiliency. Continually growing capacities VDOT and VTTI launched an accelerated information technologies, comprehensive database analysis, pavement research, and include a 4.2 PB database and associated pavement testing program in 2015, which uses computational and data analytics systems traffic simulation. The National Surface storage, 10.2 PB Network Attached Storage a heavy-vehicle simulator that continuously engineering, advanced application Transportation Safety Center for Excellence (NAS), and 7 PB archive storage. Compute applies a weighted load to test pavements development, computational systems and building comprises 22,000 square feet of processing is driven by 1,920 cores and 37 for several months. This testing simulates the database administration, and information office and laboratory space. VTTI expanded Graphical Processing Units (GPUs). natural wear and tear caused by heavy trucks its on-site capacity by 7,000 square feet of security expertise. VTTI IT experts on road surfaces. The program is expected warehouse space and housing for a paint continually work with research groups to 03. Southern Virginia Facilities to result in cost savings in road maintenance booth facility and a lighting lab. An additional develop and optimize solutions that support and will enable VDOT to determine how 24,400 square-foot annex opened in 2013. ongoing projects and research, establish Affiliated with VTTI and Virginia Tech is the different pavement designs and materials data analysis pipelines for production-level Global Center for Automotive Performance respond to load testing prior to integration To supplement and support the research research, and create custom solutions for Simulation (GCAPS), located in Alton, Va. on the road. Since its inception in 2015, the endeavors of the institute, facilities special projects. IT is the core of the data- GCAPS is a world-class facility that provides program has resulted in nearly $2.16 million feature a fully staffed garage and machine intensive research program at VTTI, with revolutionary services for both vehicle and tire, in expenditures. shop to instrument experimental vehicles. “Big Data” computational and storage including testing, simulation, and modeling. Technicians and engineers use full-scale infrastructure leveraging four data center GCAPS comprises the National Tire Research machine and welding shops, electronics 05. VTTI Vehicle Fleet facilities. The main VTTI facility houses Center (NTRC), the Southern Virginia Vehicle laboratories, and garage facilities to systems to support institute operations Motion Labs (SoVa Motion), and the Virtual The VTTI vehicle fleet is uniquely instrumented customize transportation hardware and and provides network segmentation to Design and Integration Laboratory (VDIL). for specific experiments. Researchers use software designed to collect large amounts secure data reduction labs and a secure Collectively, these initiatives provide the the vehicle fleet for Smart Roads tests, of data. These facilities are also used to data enclave. A second data center located full range of services essential for creating a and experimental test vehicles are used to support the maintenance and expansion of at the Virginia Tech Andrews Information more dynamic product through both virtual develop new instrumentation packages and the Smart Roads systems and capabilities. Systems Building houses the bulk of the VTTI and physical development. GCAPS also works complement research endeavors. Several Additionally, VTTI occupies an adjacent high-performance computational, database, closely with amateur, semi-pro, and pro race vehicles are long-term loaners from vehicle teams to provide cutting-edge services that manufacturers, VDOT, and other partnering help race cars perform at the top levels. organizations. All vehicles are maintained in-house when possible with fully functional Located adjacent to GCAPS is the Virginia garages and a machine shop. Loaned vehicles International Raceway, to which VTTI has are maintained in cooperation with the access for the performance of connected organization that provided the vehicle. and automated projects in a multi-use

11 CONTROL ROOM AUTOMATION HUB 12 PROJECT highlights

13 14 PROJECT highlights

VTTI and the University of automotive, legal, and research sectors awards of more than $16.4 million under and evaluation of automated driving 01 Massachusetts Traffic Safetyto examine the current FMVSS and this contract. technologies. A library of crashes, near- Research Program (UMassSafe), a division develop technical translation options crashes, and driving cases have been RESEARCH PROJECTS of the UMass Transportation Center and associated testing procedures for VTTI continued to propose task developed,enabling the discovery of rare (UMTC) completed An Examination emerging innovative vehicles designed 05 orders released under a contract cases.Interactive analytics have been of Emergency Response Scenarios for to be operated exclusively by an ADS. The from the Transportation Research created, providing prevalence of events, Automated Driving Systems funded Phase 1 Volume 1 report has recently been Board (TRB) of the National Academy of norms, and outliners and quantification by the Automation and Public Safety published by NHTSA and is available here: Sciences potentially worth an initial $2 of the range of cases that ADS will Common Solutions (APSCS) Consortium FMVSS Considerations for Vehicles With million, with the possibility of additional experience. Lastly, the cases have been organized through CAMP LLC. This work Automated Driving Systems: Volume 1. funds. The task orders are designed reconstructed in simulation, – facilitating considered the interactions of vehicles The work is ongoing and future reports to: 1) Identify critical issues associated the testing of many more case variations. equipped with public safety officials (e.g., will be posted when available. with connected and automated vehicles law enforcement, fire and rescue). The that state and local transportation VTTI and partners Texas A&M research analyzed common scenarios The VTTI-affiliated Center for agencies and the American Association 07 Transportation Institute and where public safety officials must engage 03 Injury Biomechanics continued of State Highway and Transportation San Diego State University — with in several different interactions and to conduct groundbreaking research Officials (AASHTO) will face, 2) Conduct support from the Virginia Department interaction types with a broad spectrum into injury biomechanics, injury research to address those issues, and of Transportation (VDOT) — continued of public and private vehicles, protocols modeling, and transportation-related 3) Conduct related technology transfer to conduct cutting-edge research via used during those scenarios and the injury biomechanics. Transportation- and information exchange activities. the Safety through Disruption National different interactions and interaction related projects awarded included the VTTI is completing work on the National University Transportation Center types, and how the current operations NHTSA-funded FMVSS Considerations Cooperative Highway Research Program (Safe-D UTC). The Safe-D UTC grant may change due to the introduction of for Vehicles with Automated Driving (NCHRP) 20-102(07) Implications of totals approximately $28 million across ADS-equipped vehicles in driverless Systems project (VTTI serves as the PI) Automation for Motor Vehicle Codes, a 5-year span, funding the study of how operation (DO). and providing biomechanics findings which explored the impact of automated best to maximize the safety benefits for ATD design and responses in ADS- driving systems on motor vehicle codes of integrating technologies such as Many Federal Motor Vehicle equipped vehicle crashworthiness. and other related domains. automation and connectivity into the 02 Safety Standards (FMVSS) were transportation system. Motivated by created with the underlying assumption VTTI continued to collaborate The VTTI Automated Mobility an overall desire to promote safety on that vehicles include standard equipment 04 with 38 organizations, including 06 Partnership (AMP) program U.S. roadways, the Safe-D UTC focuses such as steering wheels, brake pedals, Booz Allen Hamilton, Bosch, Continental, was officially launched in 2018. This on three key areas: 1) Performing and driver’s seats. However, innovative GM, Waymo, Honda, Mercedes-Benz, program is a precompetitive, private innovative research that is led by the vehicle designs tailored for higher levels Nissan, Southwest Research Institute, collaboration led by VTTI and directed largest consortium of transportation of automated driving systems (ADS) and Volkswagen/Audi, under the NHTSA by the 9 industry Steering Committee safety researchers in the nation and is RESEARCH PROJECTS RESEARCH may not require physical steering wheels Vehicle Electronic Systems Safety IDIQ members (Vehicle Manufacturers, Tier 1 largely focused on advanced-vehicle or brake pedals or have a designated contract. This team was organized to Suppliers and Tech Companies) with 13 technologies, transportation as a driver’s seat. In 2017, VTTI was awarded respond to all aspects of the NHTSA total industry members. AMP provides service, and “big data” analytics; 2) a project by the National Highway project, including electronics safe members with access to a variety of real- Education and workforce development; Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) reliability, cybersecurity, vehicle world driving data and a suite of support and 3) Sharing research findings with to led a team of experts from the automation, and related human factors tools focused on the development the broader transportation community considerations. To date, VTTI has received 15 16 PROJECT highlights

through a robust technical transfer The Virginia Smart Roads also and use partial vehicle automation with will fulfill the requirements for VDOT process. The Safe-D UTC award is 09 includes the Automation Hub, different capabilities. This unique project work zone management. The prototype representative of the hard work and located adjacent to the Surface uses a vehicle customized by VTTI that has matured significantly and WZB is RESEARCH PROJECTS dedication VTTI researchers have Street expansion. The building houses operates at different capability levels being pilot-tested in VDOT operations in collectively put into studying the future advanced-vehicle initiatives to facilitate to manipulate capability independently the Salem District. of transportation. It provides a continued cutting-edge collaborations focused from driver expectation. opportunity to work toward the safe and on advanced-vehicle research and VTTI was awarded a $7.5M grant efficient development and deployment development. The Automation Hub In conjunction with VDOT, 14 to demonstrate Safely Operating of the next generation of vehicles and also serves as home to the InternHUB 12 VTTI continued its connected Automated Driving System in Dynamic technologies, inform national discourse program. The InternHUB fosters and automated vehicle development Scenarios on an Optimized Corridor about how best to mitigate rapidly collaboration between industry partners, initiatives on the Virginia Connected (SOADS) with partners Collision growing transportation challenges, offer VTTI researchers, and leading students and Automated Corridors (VCC/VAC), Avoidance Metrics Partners (CAMP, students unique hands-on experience from Virginia Tech. Student interns work with expenditures during FY19 of LLC), Transurban, LLC, and the Global in the field of transportation research, for industry partners while in Blacksburg more than $738,000, which includes Center for Automotive Performance and and provide more opportunities in the through collaborative sponsored VTTI’s contribution ($4.86 million from Simulation. The project will result in the workforce. research with VTTI faculty. Each summer, inception to date). VTTI extended the development of a Level 4 ADS that can the interns leave Blacksburg for positions VCC architecture to support a predictive safely interact with police, fire, EMS, VTTI continued to serve an integral at their respective industry employer for real-time model that helps determine work zones, and cooperative driving 08 role in the Virginia Tech Intelligent a direct integration into the company’s when traffic lights will change on actuated scenarios. Infrastructure initiative, particularly in business and engineering processes. traffic signals. The system is used to VTTI worked with Qualcomm, Audi, the area of advanced-vehicle research and broadcast predicted signal phasing and American Towers, and VDOT to development. In partnership with VDOT, VTTI continued to develop timing data for 30 intersections on the 15 develop Cellular Vehicle to Everything the institute is expanding its Smart Road 10 relationships with both public Route 7, US 29, and US 50 corridors in (C-V2X) applications for several use testing capabilities. The Surface Street and private sponsors. This year, VTTI Arlington County, Va. Expansion and Live Roadway Connector initiated several new relationships with cases including work zone interactions were both completed during FY18, and proprietary sponsors, which are likely In partnership with VDOT, VTTI between vehicles and workers in work completion of the first two phases of to result in continued funding in future 13 created a prototype work zone zones and Traffic Light Information the Rural Roads expansion is anticipated years. builder (WZB) application. The WZB is (TLI). TLI applications include Red during 2020. Collectively, the expansions a tablet application that allows VDOT Light Violation Warning and Green are dubbed the Virginia Smart Roads and VTTI concluded work on a contract maintenance contractors, work zone Light Optimized Speed Advisory. The will facilitate edge-and-corner, tailored, 11 sponsored by NHTSA to study how inspectors and construction contractors concepts were developed on the Smart advanced, unique test-bed options for driver expectations for partial vehicle to lay out their work zone designs over a Roads and will be migrated to the self-driving ground vehicles. automation change how drivers interact photo map while suggesting placement Virginia Connected Corridor in Northern RESEARCH PROJECTS RESEARCH of various work zone features based on Virginia. C-V2X is a precursor to 5G the requirements of the Virginia Work communications technologies. Area Protection manual. WZB compiles the completed work zone design into a data package that is published to the VCC Cloud, where it can be made available to connected and automated vehicles and 17 18 PROJECT highlights

VTTI worked with Spin, LLC and Metrics Partnership LLC. VTTI continued its work on a U.S. roadways in consideration of dynamic Ford Motor Company to conduct Department of Energy project vehicle queue predictions. 4) Develop 16 23 RESEARCH PROJECTS the first of its kind naturalistic driving VTTI continued to serve as a to develop a novel Eco-Cooperative an Eco-CACC-U controller that provides study (NDS) for shared eScooters. VTTI 20 subcontractor to Morgan State Automated Control (Eco-CAC) system local longitudinal energy-optimal control developed a data acquisition system that University on its Tier 1 UTC, Urban that integrates vehicle dynamics control in consideration of the homogenous and was deployed on 50 eScooters that were Mobility & Equity Center (UMEC). with connected- and automated- non-homogeneous vehicle platooning of part of the eScooter fleet deployed by UMEC is federally funded as a Tier 1 vehicle applications. The approach is ICEVs, BEVs, PHEVs, and HEVs. Spin on the Virginia Tech campus. VTTI research center through the Fixing revolutionary in that it develops a next- is evaluating the impacts of mobility America’s Surface Transportation generation, vehicle dynamics-controlled VTTI continued to work with the and safety that result from eScooter (FAST) Act. UMEC seeks to bolster the connected- and automated-vehicle 24 Federal Highway Administration deployment. scientific foundation and discern equity system that builds on existing connected- (FHWA) and AASHTO to support to several implications for policies that focus on and automated-vehicle technologies state department of transportation VTTI was awarded a project by urban mobility. UMEC will contribute to to reduce the energy/fuel consumption research teams working on Phase III 17 Ford Motor Company to design the body of knowledge on which planning of internal combustion engine vehicles Implementation Assistance Program a safer eScooter based on information and policies are based by researching (ICEVs), battery-only electric vehicles projects. The goal of these efforts is to learned during the Spin eScooter NDS. transit/paratransit and freight planning (BEVs), plug-in hybrid electric vehicles identify safety problems and generate The project is being used as a sensor and operations; buyers’ acceptance, (PHEVs), and hybrid electric vehicles countermeasures that reduce risk and design project and will culminate in the affordability, and government promotion (HEVs). The development of the Eco-CAC prevalence. As these projects move into development and test of new eScooter of connected and automated vehicles; system will involve the following key steps the implementation phase, deployment prorotypes. and the distribution of transportation and components: 1) Develop a connected- of research-driven countermeasures to costs and benefits, including user fees vehicle eco-routing controller that can improve traffic safety is expected. VTTI is partnering with VDOT and taxes. Research focus areas include be used with the above vehicle types. This and Fairfax County to collect VTTI worked with FHWA to 18 increasing access to opportunities, smart unique eco-router will compute vehicle naturalistic driving data (NDD) from an provide data sets to several cities, novel modes of transport, systems routings optimized for the individual 25 EasyMile Gen 3 low speed shuttle that is research teams working in the second integration, analytical tools to optimize user and entire system. 2) Develop a being deployed in Fairfax County between phase of the FHWA Broad Agency movement, and regional planning. speed harmonization controller that the Dunn-Loring Metro Station and the Announcement related to traffic safety regulates the flow of traffic approaching Mosaic District. VTTI will develop a data VTTI was awarded two competitive countermeasures. These efforts have bottlenecks in the network. This reduction protocol, analyze safety data, projects as part of UMEC; the first transitioned from a pilot research phase 21 controller will be fully integrated with and make recommendations about the project focuses on devising eco-driving into full investigations and continue to the vehicle router, resulting in a unique safety of operations during this program. and traffic signal optimization strategies leverage the VTTI NDD to decrease risks strategic controller that can route traffic while the second project focuses on the across all roadway users. away from congested areas and regulate VTTI completed the Event modeling of bicycle longitudinal motion. RESEARCH PROJECTS RESEARCH 19 Data Configurable Message the flow of traffic entering congested As part of its role as operator of project. This project developed and VTTI continued its work with areas. 3) Develop a multi-modal 26 the Second Strategic Highway evaluate dconnected-vehicle message 22 the Ford Motor Company to (ICEVs, BEVs, PHEVs, and HEVs) Eco- Research Program Naturalistic Driving architecture for flexible vehicle-to- develop tools to evaluate the mutual Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control-I Study (SHRP 2 NDS) data set, VTTI infrastructure (V2I) communications in interdependencies and interactions (Eco-CACC-I) controller that computes provided data to support dozens of partnership with vehicle manufacturers of transportation and communication and implements optimum vehicle research projects, primarily geared represented by the Crash Avoidance systems. trajectories along multi-intersection toward advancing transportation safety, 19 20 PROJECT highlights

as sponsored and performed by academic support and expand the capabilities of a Communication from Automated into pavement management decision institutions, state departments of secure data enclave at the Safety Training Vehicles to Other Road Users was making, the research team is developing transportation, the federal government, and Analysis Center, which allows secure published by the ISO. VTTI contributed guidance on: 1) Data collection protocols, RESEARCH PROJECTS research organizations, and private access to the SHRP 2 NDS data for to this technical report, which provides 2) Data interpretation guidelines for industry partners. VTTI is currently ina federal employees, state departments guidance for developers of visual external network- and project-level applications, transition stage for the next phase in of transportation, and their research communication systems for automated and 3) Development of a framework the operation of this data set, which partners. Work undertaken during FY20 vehicles. to implement continuous deflection will begin in October 2020. The Phase I expanded access within the center to measurements as part of the agency’s contract with the National Academies, include the National Institutes of Health VDOT and VTTI continued its pavement management system and funded at over $17M over 5 years, was (NIH)-funded Supervised Practice 33 accelerated pavement testing pavement rehabilitation design successfully completed this year. During Driving study. program, which uses a heavy-vehicle practices. that period VTTI has supported the simulator that continuously applies a research of hundreds of researchers and The ISO Road Vehicle Ergonomics weighted load to test pavements for VTTI has partnered with the students around the world. 30 subcommittee—on which several several months. This testing simulates 35 Virginia Transportation Research VTTI researchers serve as contributing the natural wear and tear caused by heavy Council (VTRC) to instrument and VTTI completed its work on several members—continued to work in trucks on road surfaces. The program monitor two sections on Interstate 64 27 projects to increase accessibility developing a standard vocabulary for is expected to result in cost savings in to quantify the response of recycled to and improve the research value of coding characteristics of safety-critical road maintenance and will enable VDOT pavement sections subjected to known the SHRP 2 NDS data. These projects events and is currently preparing an to determine how different pavement loadings and to monitor the performance included de-identification of trip origin updated technical report to add a designs and materials respond to load for one year. This will facilitate a better and destination, integrating weather vocabulary for the assessment of driver testing prior to integration on the road. understanding of the behavior of the data with NDS data, developing an NDS behaviors and conditions. This cycle, the program is supporting the recycled materials and facilitate their machine-learning training data set and statewide effort to implement asphalt use throughout the state. cataloging of eye-glance behaviors ISO Technical Report ISO/TR 21959- mix design methodology. during crashes, near-crashes, and sample 31 1:2018: Road Vehicles – Human VTTI continued to work on a VDOT periods of normal driving within the Performance and State in the Context In partnership with VDOT, 36 project to document the early SHRP 2 NDS. of Automated Driving – Part 1: Common 34 VTTI has continued to lead a functional and structural performances Underlying Concepts was published by $4 million pooled-fund project that of various pavement recycling projects VTTI continued to operate its own the ISO. The report introduces basic is supporting the implementation of in Virginia and to quantify the life-cycle 28 Dataverse repository, providing common underlying concepts related traffic speed deflectometers (TSDDs) cost and environmental benefits of indexing, citation, and storage for to driver performance and state in the across the United States. To facilitate different treatments in comparison with transportation data sets generated context of automated driving. VTTI effective implementation of TSDDs traditional rehabilitation approaches. within the initiatives of the institute. contributes to this task force as a co- and incorporation of the TSDD data RESEARCH PROJECTS RESEARCH The repository provides direct access to convener and is currently supporting over 30 data sets, along with metadata efforts for a second part to this technical for nearly 110 SHRP 2 data sets that can report, to be published in 2020. be accessed with a data use license. . SO Technical Report ISO/TR Institute researchers continued 32 23049:2018: Road Vehicles – 29 work with the FHWA to provide Ergonomic Aspects of External Visual 21 22 PROJECT highlights

VTTI developed a pilot pavement Institute researchers collaborated automation) in order to prolong the an application development platform friction management program with Virginia Tech departments, time before senior drivers are required to assist VRUs in moving through any 37 39 RESEARCH PROJECTS for the North Dakota Department of including Biomedical Engineering and to cease driving based on diminished space from a current location to a Transportation under Pavement Surface Mechanics (BEAM), to foster dual physical and cognitive capabilities. The destination; and surveying VRUs to Properties Consortium–Managing the appointment opportunities among VTTI stakeholder group will be assisting the better understand their unique mobility Pavement Properties for Improved Safety. faculty where strategically advantageous. research team in a data gathering effort problems, perspectives, needs, and Five VTTI researchers now hold such to understand the potential impact of hoped-for solutions. In 2014, VTTI began work in appointments. this application, identify and sidestep 38 collaboration with several potential roadblocks, and establish a VTTI continued to work with departments across campus to develop VTTI researchers finalized their framework for a future deployment. 44 the University of Alabama at a health and injury control center. 40 work with colleagues at the The project features collaborators from Birmingham (UAB) and the NIH-National This evolving center is designed to Carilion Institute for Orthopaedics and Nagoya University in Japan. Eye Institute on an NDS assessing enhance research opportunities that Neurosciences to assess the impact of vision impairment among older drivers. promote driver health and wellness and Carpal Tunnel Decompression Surgery on VTTI continued as a subcontractor Driving is a highly visual task, and older reduce injuries. To date, collaborating driving performance. The results of the 43 to North Carolina A&T State adults have a high prevalence of vision departments include Fralin; Psychology; study, published in The Journal of Bone University on its Tier 1 Center for impairment compared to other ages. Biomedical Engineering; Human & Joint Surgery, will allow physicians to Advanced Transportation Mobility Most studies addressing visual risk Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise; the make evidence-based recommendations (CATM) UTC. CATM is a consortium factors for MVCs by older drivers use Virginia Tech Center for Autism Research; to their patients in terms of their consisting of three higher education vehicle accident reports as the primary Computer Science; Gerontology; resumption of post-surgery driving – in institutions: North Carolina Agricultural outcome, an approach that has several Construction; the Virginia Tech Carilion some cases allowing that resumption and Technical State University (lead), methodological limitations. Naturalistic Research Institute; the Virginia Tech right after surgery. Virginia Tech, and Embry-Riddle driving research methods overcome these Child Study Center; and the Virginia Tech Aeronautical University – Daytona challenges and involve installing a high- Child Development Center. During FY19, VTTI researchers, in collaboration Beach. These institutions collaborate on tech yet unobtrusive data acquisition faculty and researchers working under 41 with colleagues at the Carilion projects focused on identifying solutions system (DAS) in an older driver’s own this initiative submitted white papers Institute for Orthopaedics and to mobility concerns within two primary vehicle, operating whenever the vehicle and proposals to several organizations, Neurosciences, were funded by iTHRIV areas: 1) Enabling safe and efficient is turned on. The DAS continuously including the Center for Transformative to study the functional progression of mobility for vulnerable road users and records multi-channel video of driver Research on Health Behaviours, the driving after Rotator Cuff Tear Repair. 2) Optimizing mobility in emergencies. and roadway, sensor-based kinematics, Motor Carrier Safety Assistance Program, The goal of the project, is to provide The center conducts research, outreach, GPS location, and presence of nearby NSTSCE, the Federal Motor Carrier guidance to physicians that need to and educational activities to address the objects in front of the vehicle, providing Safety Administration (FMCSA), NIH, provide indications to their patients transportation needs of an extremely an objective measure of driving exposure related to the resumption of driving

RESEARCH PROJECTS RESEARCH the National Institute of Occupational broad spectrum of the U.S. population, (miles driven), which are all recorded onto Safety and Health (NIOSH), the NCHRP post-surgery. thereby helping the nation maintain its a data drive in the DAS. In this NDS, the of the TRB, and the Federal Transit competitive advantage in the global purpose is to examine the relationship VTTI researchers were funded by Administration (FTA). Through these economy. VTTI researchers are leading between seniors’ vision and crashes the National Science Foundation efforts, the team continues to search 42 CATM UTC studies focused on providing and near-crashes, lane-keeping, turning to es tablish a group of local stakeholders for funding opportunities and possible first- and last-mile connectivity for at intersections, driving performance to foment research on the use of collaborations. vulnerable road users (VRUs); providing during secondary task demands, and the advanced assistance systems (including 23 24 PROJECT highlights

role of front-seat passengers. Results drivers. This study uses a unique dual- available within this naturalistic driving high-risk secondary tasks in the presence of the on-road driving evaluation are methodology interface, where the same data set. of a monitoring and feedback system. compared to objective indicators participants drive in a driving simulator Analysis for the project is complete, RESEARCH PROJECTS of driving safety derived from the followed by driving an instrumented VTTI researchers conducted and a final report has been submitted to naturalistic data. Data collection for vehicle on a similar course on real roads. 49 additional data coding to better NSTSCE for review. this project was completed in November Results have been analyzed, and multiple assess parent/teen interactions and 2018; analysis efforts are ongoing. journal articles have been submitted or secondary task engagement by teen An onboard multimedia training are in preparation. . drivers using the Uniform Naturalistic 52 program was developed by VTTI VTTI collaborated with Teenage Driving Database. This researchers to teach drivers about the 45 researchers from the Texas A&M VTTI partnered with the University additional data coding was performed automated-vehicle systems that are Transportation Institute and partners 47 of Michigan Transportation by VTTI researchers in collaboration with present and available on a vehicle. This in the rideshare industry to identify Research Institute and Chalmers researchers at the National Institutes of multimedia presentation used a tablet factors that affect when parents of University on a project sponsored by the Child Health and Human Development display on the center stack and an young children use or do not use child Automobile Alliance that is evaluating and EMMES, Corp. Data reduction is instrument panel display. This project safety seats in rideshare vehicles. This various epidemiological methods of complete, with plans to pursue additional was conducted for the Safe-D UTC. information is being used to create estimating crash risk using NDD. The funding for analysis. VTTI completed an FMCSA project an informational website designed to final project report was submitted VTTI researchers evaluated the to research how developers of educate both parents and rideshare in November 2018, and the research 53 prevalence of the engagement of highly automated commercial vehicles drivers about existing laws and team is working on several additional 50 driver assistance systems by drivers and (HACVs) and their applications can regulations across the country, as well publications. secondary task engagement and errors ensure safe testing and deployment. VTTI as the benefits and guidelines for usage VTTI researchers worked with when using driver assistance systems. used existing performance data from of child safety seats. The final report is the Transportation Association This work is sponsored by the State Farm commercial vehicle drivers to develop currently under revision, and a journal 48 of Canada and the Canadian Council of Mutual Automobile Insurance Company. performance baselines that may be article is in preparation. Additionally, Deputy Ministers of Transport to develop Data reduction is complete, and the applied to future HACVs. These baselines the research team conducted significant a website for the Canada Naturalistic research team is working on data analysis are specific to both operational domains media outreach for the project. Driving Study. This website provides and a final report to be submitted in in which HACVs are expected to be VTTI worked with researchers a public portal to allow researchers October 2019. deployed and how their capabilities are 46 at the University of Virginia to and interested safety professionals a expected to develop. The investigation investigate the driving performance of method to assess what type of data are The impact of driver monitoring and assessed which drivers should be used to newly licensed teen drivers with autism available within this public data set, as 51 feedback on teen driver secondary define a baseline across each operational compared to newly licensed drivers well as a query tool to assess not only the task engagement was evaluated for an design domain and different vehicle without autism and experienced adult type of data but also the quantity of data NSTSCE project. This study used the conflict types (i.e., low-level conflicts, RESEARCH PROJECTS RESEARCH Driver Coach Study database where case- near-crashes, and crashes). VTTI also cohort control segments were identified investigated how developers plan to and coded by trained data coders. Using ensure sensor integrity and performance, these newly coded data, the prevalence how vehicle maintenance and inspection of secondary task engagement was will be handled, and the roles FMCSA evaluated as compared to the control may have in these processes. study, which indicated a decrease in 25 26 PROJECT highlights

VTTI completed an FMCSA understand how drivers interact with the the behavior of a following vehicle and own operations (or use national averages 54 project to research the barriers systems, and provide data for modeling the potential safety concerns related to if they are unsure) to understand the ROI RESEARCH PROJECTS that are limiting the adoption of the safety benefits of the technology. such behaviors. that different technologies may have automatic emergency braking (AEB) within a five-year window. The purpose of VTTI partnered with the Texas VTTI continued working on technology on commercial vehicles. This this study is to create a web-based version A&M Institute and San Diego technology has the potential to mitigate 56 58 FTA-funded research with the of the calculator to ease dissemination State University on the development of or prevent heavy-vehicle crashes and New York City Transit Department of efforts and to eliminate complexity Bayesian and other models for predicting reduce fatalities on U.S. roadways. VTTI Buses designed to enhance pedestrian, associated with an Excel-based version. individual crash involvement based on investigated both technology barriers bicyclist, and vehicle operator safety by driver characteristics (e.g., driving style, VTTI developed training materials and market barriers that affect fleets’ identifying the limitations of current demographics, behavioral history) using about defensive driving and safe perceptions, return on investment, mirror configurations that accommodate 61 naturalistic driving data. The research driving for snowplow operators. Each and decision making on AEB. VTTI also a range of operators. During this period, team identified enduring personality winter, snowplows are struck by other developed strategies for overcoming VTTI analyzed the number and severity of characteristics and behaviors of drivers vehicles, costing agencies money in repair those barriers to accelerate the adoption transit bus incidents in 2019 comparing to predict the likelihood of future crashes and replacement costs and affecting of AEB systems. incidents by side-of-bus and vehicle/ and other high-risk behaviors. mirror configuration. This project is traveler safety due to lost plowing time. VTTI, working with NHTSA, expected to lead to the development of Rear-end collisions and crashes during VTTI collaborated with NSTSCE received approval from the U.S. a uniform set of guidelines for low-floor turning movements are two common 55 to investigate truck following Office of Management and Budget to 57 transit buses and demonstrate a mirror types of crashes. Although snowplow distances and car cut-in behavior in proceed with the Field Study of Newer solution set in New York City. operators are rarely at-fault in these naturalistic conditions. Cut-in is often Generation Heavy Vehicle AEB Systems. crashes, training operators on defensive mentioned as one of the possible VTTI leased a new power unit with the VTTI continued working with driving practices—and reviewing general hurdles for wide-scale deployment of latest AEB technology equipped for 59 the Washington State Transit safe driving practices—may help reduce truck platoons. Even if a platooning testing and has been working with AEB Insurance Pool, Pierce Transit, and the the likelihood of collisions caused by application can safely handle cut-ins, suppliers to interpret the signals of University of Washington in a project other drivers. This project has been they can disrupt the platoon and greatly each system. While data collection has funded by FTA to demonstrate collision developed by Clear Roads, an ongoing reduce benefits in terms of fuel savings, been delayed due to COVID-19 safety avoidance performance on buses in pooled-fund research project aimed at safety, and transport efficiency. This concerns VTTI developed mitigation Washington. As a subcontractor, VTTI rigorous testing of winter maintenance project used existing naturalistic driving procedures for reducing exposure with will evaluate driver attitudes and trust materials, equipment, and methods for data housed at VTTI to study car cut-in interacting with participants and their in warning-only collision avoidance use by highway maintenance crews. behavior. A cut-in detection algorithm vehicles. VTTI has also been developing systems and evaluate the systems in based on the radar data was developed. VTTI researchers worked on an analysis plan to address the impacts a sample of real-world active braking A major focus of this study is analyzing system avoidance events. an NSTSCE-funded project to RESEARCH PROJECTS RESEARCH of different data collection scenarios. 62 the gap between the lead vehicle and the The study involves the instrumentation conduct a literature review of Pediatric host vehicle (i.e., subject vehicle of the VTTI developed a tool to help of 150 heavy vehicles equipped with Vehicular Heatstroke (PVH) and the study) before and during cut-in events fleets calculate the return- AEB systems during revenue-producing 60 current systems available to help to quantify the probability of a possible on-investment (ROI) on advanced operations. The study will use the data counteract this occurrence. Researchers cut-in during real traffic. The project also safety technologies. This ROI tool is to evaluate real-world performance, also designed a study to evaluate investigates how a cut-in event changes a customizable calculator that allows currently available OEM and aftermarket fleets to enter information about their systems for PVH. 27 28 PROJECT highlights

VTTI partnered with the Virginia includes conducting a cognitive work highway section using drivers and on attention to the illuminance, duration, 63 Tech Psychology Department and analysis on the organizational work the Surface Street Expansion using both and spectral power distribution of LED Texas A&M Transportation Institute to domain as well as building the human- adult and child pedestrians. The findings lighting; 2) compares these effects to RESEARCH PROJECTS evaluate tacit communication behaviors machine interface for the automated of those combined efforts resulted in those of high-intensity discharge (HID) of drivers at pedestrian crosswalks. The shuttle car controller. pedestrian lighting recommendations to lighting and the absence of roadway data collected in this project were used benefit all road users, including children lighting; and 3) suggests methods to to successfully defend a psychology The VTTI-affiliated Global Center who may walk to school. mitigate the effects, if any, of LED department dissertation. 68 for Automotive Performance roadway lighting on sleep health and Simulation (GCAPS) has established VTTI is continuing its U.S. alertness. VTTI researchers worked on many new clients in the India tire and 71 Department of Energy efforts 64 an NSTSCE-funded project transportation market. GCAPS is also to consider the limitations of the VTTI is continuing its efforts on to investigate risky behaviors of realizing significant growth in China acceptance of solid-state lighting 73 a project by the Illinois Center pedestrians. Researchers will use relative to tire testing, tire modeling, (SSL) through an investigation of the for Transportation to study the effects previously collected data sets, with the and vehicle modeling, thereby providing impact of adaptive lighting in a city of intersection and midblock crosswalk goal of developing new sets of video great upside potential. GCAPS has also environment. Using Cambridge, Mass., lighting designs on pedestrian visibility. reduction protocols for future use. completed joint tire test research with as an example where adaptive lighting The results will inform the development UAB. has been implemented in a city, the team of new lighting standards for crosswalks VTTI researchers worked on is planning to investigate the public at intersections and midblock locations. an NSTSCE-funded project to acceptance of a lighting system that 65 Through the U.S. Department of investigate the rate at which different dims at certain points during the day. VTTI has performed data collection Energy project Investigating the conditions and maneuvers in automated- 69 While delayed by the COVID-19 pandemic, on a small project to investigate Health Impacts of Outdoor Lighting, 74 vehicle operational design domains the data collection and analysis will be the safety benefits of narrow-beam LEDs VTTI has measured the impact of occur. completed in the coming year. for lighting crosswalks. lighting on melatonin levels in realistic VTTI researchers worked on outdoor lighting levels. Over a 14-week VTTI continued its efforts on an VTTI has completed a project in 66 an NSTSCE-funded project to period, 29 participants were evaluated 72 NCHRP project to investigate the 75 partnership with WSP to develop leverage naturalistic driving data to for melatonin in driving, pedestrian, impact of LED roadway lighting on driver guidelines for the implementation of analyze vehicle kinematic variables and sleeping conditions, resulting in sleep health and alertness. The objective SSL in roadways. This project was funded toward the evaluation of roadway collection and analysis of more than 1,800 of this research is to develop a guidance as NCHRP Project 5-22. infrastructure design. melatonin samples. The final results of document for state departments of this research effort are due for publiaton transportation that: 1) describes the VTTI was awarded a follow VTTI and the Virginia Center for in the coming year. This project is a effects of LED roadway lighting on the 76 on project to NCHRP 05-22 67 Coal and Energy Research at partnership between VTTI and Thomas sleep health and alertness of drivers, with to consider the impact of lighting on

RESEARCH PROJECTS RESEARCH Virginia Tech were awarded a subcontract Jefferson University. automated vehicles, flora and fauna and under the University of Kentucky to introduce an autonomous shuttle car VTTI concluded a federal project to into room-and-pillar coal mines. Funding 70 consider pedestrian lighting, both originates from the Alpha Foundation, to provide visibility of and for pedestrians. which was established to improve mine The work included 3 experiments that safety and health. VTTI’s involvement were split between the Smart Road 29 30 PROJECT highlights

the development of Crash Modification and received new lighting and markings Factors. added to their vehicles to assess visibility and officer comfort. One journal article RESEARCH PROJECTS VTTI completed an investigation has been successfully published through 77 of lighting at intersections for Accident Analysis and Prevention on the VDOT. 25 urban and rural intersections observation of traffic adherence to the will be investigated using in situ lighting Move Over law in Virginia. levels and crash statistics to consider the required lighting levels at intersections. VTTI completed a project to The results were analyszed and using 82 investigate contributing factors models of crash modification factors and and their impacts on fixed-object minimum performance requirements, crashes. The project used the SHRP 2 lighting levels were able to be developed. NDS data, which included detailed video files, time-series data, and roadway VTTI continued to investigate information for nearly 2,000 events 78 the impact of lighting on driver relevant to fixed-object crashes. The behavior through continued studies of results provided insights into how and measured lighting in Washington and why fixed-object crashes occurred and North Carolina, along with California what countermeasures could be used to data. This effort is in its third phase prevent such crashes. and considers a variety of lighting alternatives. VTTI continued working on an 83 FHWA project to quantify the lives VTTI has developed a group of saved and injuries prevented nationwide 79 ighting designs for a project by the due to the use of a selected number of Illinois Department of Transportation to safety infrastructure categories. This consider high-mast lighting applications. is the first attempt made nationwide These designs are currently being to estimate the safety benefits of key implemented and will be monitored transportation safety infrastructure over the coming months. This effort devices. The project will enable federal will include crash assessments, in situ and state transportation agencies to lighting assessments, and alternative qualitatively demonstrate the fatalities design developments. used during this project where in the likely to induce driver failure to yield and injuries prevented by transportation

RESEARCH PROJECTS RESEARCH vehicle path and behaviors are analyze at roundabout exist and to develop infrastructure investments and provide VTTI continues to support the to identify different types of violations. appropriate countermeasures. justification for needed infrastructure. 80 FHWA in the implementation Additional data collection include of roundabouts and the assessment of crash history data and operational and VTTI concluded its efforts in VTTI partnered with researchers their performance. Data was collected geometric data collected on the field. 81 working with the visibility of 84 at North Carolina State University on roundabout in Indiana, Ohio, and These data are being use to understand police vehicles. 8 agencies, including on a CATM project focused on the use New York. Flying drone videos are being the prevailing field conditions that are state police in Virginia, participated of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) for 31 32 PROJECT highlights

optimizing the routing of emergency VTTI is conducting work on behalf conspicuity of TMAs, including changes signs, pavement markings (edge, vehicles to avoid congestion and 89 of the VTRC to identify and in markings, colors, or lighting; changes centerline, 4” and 6“ width, material obstructions. demonstrate unmanned aerial system in traffic control devices (TCDs); changes type), rumble strips and stripes (shoulder RESEARCH PROJECTS (UAS) applications in support of ground in the location, staging, or setup of TMAs and center lane), and safety edge.. VTTI continues its research on the traffic and how UAS should be integrated for different work zone configurations; 85 use of a low-speed autonomous into VDOT operations. improvements in operator training; VTTI submitted the report for the vehicle (LSAV) shuttle for last-mile methods to improve the safety of the 96 project to evaluate the impact of integration with bus transit for the VTTI entered into a Space Act TMA operator in the event a collision access spacing standards on crash risk mobility of VRUs, such as seniors and the 90 Agreement Addendum with does occur; and connected vehicle after controlling for access volumes. disabled. NASA Langley Research Center with applications that provide vehicle-to- Several existing databases and tools were a focus on Advanced Air Mobility, vehicle warnings and pre-collision alarms used to determine roadway geometric Nanosonic has contracted VTTI atmospheric sensing, and the or advance notice of the TMA’s location attributes, operational attributes, and researchers for assistance with 86 integration of low altitude air space for oncoming drivers. traffic volume data for the selected an SBIR project focused on use of lane with ground traffic operations. corridors and access points. A new Linear markings for vehicle-to-infrastructure VTTI was awarded a project by Referencing System was generated communications. VTTI was awarded a project by 94 FHWA to produce the FHWA to enable correlations between the 91 FHWA to study the driver behavior Pedestrian and Bicycle Safety Program different databases. A custom in-house VTTI conducted VTRC-sponsored at complex interchanges and how guide Strategic Plan. The Strategic Plan application was developed that use research involving the use of 87 signs at such locations can be improved will explicitly address the knowledge, satellite imagery to collect database automated placard readers to effectively based on the driver behavioral findings. research, and deployment gaps identified attributes for 397 full access points, provide advance notifications to critical The project uses the VTTI SHRP2 safety through a review of literature and through 1370 partial access points, 710 full access facility operators. The project assessed data. stakeholder engagement, relying heavily pairs, and 817 partial access pairs. VTTI the readiness of automated hazardous on data to prioritize future research and used Poisson and Negative Binomial material placard readers for their reliable LED Roadway Lighitng of Canada, deployment activities will reflect the Models to evaluate the effects of access and effective roadside deployment. A has contracted VTTI to evaluate 92 vision, mission, and goals of FHWA and spacing and access traffic volume on second, follow on project was initiated its Dynamic Lighting System as a smart will be reasonable to accomplish in a five- crash risk. to perform, real-world, roadside testing city technology in realistic evironments. year time frame by FHWA’s Pedestrian of a placard reading system. VTTI is leveraging its partneships with and Bicycle Safety Program. VTTI submitted for review the final the town of Blacksburg and Virginia Tech report of a speed management VTTI finished its work with 97 Electric to evaluate the Dynamic Lighting VTTI continues to investigate the project to identify gaps, opportunities, 88 the Appalachian Regional System within the town of Blacksburg. 95 impact of low-cost delineation and delivery mechanisms for selected Commission on a project that evaluates systems to reduce roadway departure group f stakeholders. The project includes VTTI was awarded a project to the extent and impact of the Interstate crashes. The project is focusing in Crash an analysis of speeding risk, causes of

RESEARCH PROJECTS RESEARCH to identify the most promising 81 corridor and its relevance to the 93 Modification Factors and the impact of speed behaviors, and the effectiveness methods that could reduce the Appalachian Development Highway several type of low cost treatments on for different speeding countermeasures. occurrence and severity of TMA crashes System (ADHS). The intent of this project driver’s performance in a wide variety The project also proposed potential in construction and maintenance work is to use more objective sources of data of applications ranging from interstate delivery mechanisms for several user zones, including both stationary and (e.g., origin-destination traffic data) to roadways to rural applications. groups by evaluating typical media mobile operations. The research team better define the corridor. Treatments considered include different exposure (formal publications, social will consider methods to improve the type of delineators (post, chevrons), media, internet, information exposure 33 34 PROJECT highlights

time (low, moderate, high), how the data archive storage. Compute processing is personal vehicles, reduced availability for Heavy Vehicles.” The purpose of this will be used (self-evaluation, research, driven by 1,920 cores and 37 Graphical of public transportation, fewer friends project is to move ADS and advanced policy), the types of information Processing Units. and family to rely on for rides, and driver assistance systems (ADAS) heavy RESEARCH PROJECTS consumed (research, public acceptance, longer travel distances. This research vehicle industry/government/research design criteria), and the level of detail VTTI will work with NHTSA to effort entailed expert interviews and activities from concept/demonstration required (low, moderate, high). User 100examine the feasibility of using a search to determine what types of to implementation/operations. The groups include engineers, police officers, publicly available data to analyze the programs currently exist in rural or objective is to develop a systematic government officials , general public, performance of ADS-equipped vehicles. urban environments that might enable framework of the direct and indirect senior drivers, and teen drivers. rural seniors to retain mobility. Results impacts of ADS/ADAS-equipped heavy In collaboration with DBi Services illustrated a wide variety of programs, vehicles across the implementation and Transurban, VTTI continued VTTI completed the project 101 many of which offered multiple types stages of development, test/ working on an automated truck- 98 on how VDOT conveys travel of services. Among these, there were demonstrate, deployment, licensure, mounted attenuator (TMA) study. The information to Commercial Vehicle also minute but important differences. operation, and maintenance/repair. project, which receives support from Operations (CVO). VTTI followed a multi Several gaps between users requiring Safe-D, seeks to develop an automated pronged approach in order to provide rides and available mobility options for VTTI is working on a video control system for TMA vehicles using a recommendations for improvements of seniors were noted. Suggestions for 106analytics project with FHWA short following distance, leader-follower the current system and developed the an implementation to bridge the gap that will develop a system that can control concept which will remove the framework for a comprehensive Virginia were explored. Researchers discovered analyze naturalistic driving videos and driver from the at-risk TMA vehicle. CVO Information system that include all that many law enforcement training automatically produce annotations the stakeholders. The project included and descriptors for events, behavior, VTTI researchers collaborated programs appeared to no longer be a review and evaluation of current and and driving scenarios that relate to with Dunlap and Associates functional. Additionally, gaps related to potential technologies and applications, 102 transportation safety. Using large (prime) and Battelle to establish a the use of GPS technologies as well as truck drivers surveys, industry leaders datasets obtained in naturalistic driving NHTSA-sponsored NDS of how seniors expansions of current implementations interviews and stakeholders workshops. situations, the system will be trained use Level 2 Automation-equipped are discussed. using state-of-the-art machine-learning vehicles (i.e., those vehicles equipped VTTI maintains a small data center VTTI continues working with techniques to recognize safety-related with autonomous vehicle control features 99 on its campus and has a much NHTSA to synthesize the aspects of the driver (e.g. distraction, operating simultaneously in the lateral 104 larger high performance computing literature and state of knowledge secondary tasks), passengers, and the and longitudinal dimensions). infrastructure co-located at the Virginia surrounding drugged driving. This outside environment (object, driving Tech Andrews Information Systems VTTI collaborated with comprehensive and systematic review condition). Researchers will study the Building to take advantage of internal will cover a variety of topics, including interrelation between events taking and external high-speed networking 103NSTSCE Stakeholders on a project evaluating the provision of detection and measurement of drugs place inside and outside of the vehicle and the physical space required to in drivers, prevalence, crash risk, (e.g. driver gaze at a pedestrian crossing).

RESEARCH PROJECTS RESEARCH mobility solutions for rural seniors. The house clustered servers, multi-petabyte experimental effects of drugs on driving- population of older adults is increasing VTTI was awarded a $7.5 million high performance computing storage related tasks and performance, and and is expected to represent a larger grant from FHWA/FMCSA to systems, and a multi-petabyte (PB) potential countermeasures. 107 DB2 data analytics system. Continually proportion of the population over the develop a Trucking Fleet Concept of growing capacities include a 4.2 PB next several decades. Those who live in VTTI initiated a project funded Operations (CONOPS) for Managing database and associated storage, 10.2 rural areas face many transportation 105by NHTSA entitled, “Special ADS/ Mixed Fleets. As part of this study, PB Network Attached Storage, and 7 PB challenges, including a reliance on ADAS Implementation Considerations VTTI will be demonstrating a “realistic 35 36 PROJECT highlights

autonomous” deployment that relies Perform an air flow test of the barrier follow-up ADAS adoption survey. for crash surrogates. on a mixed-fleet model, where truck to determine impacts on ventilation for fleets simultaneously own and operate bus operators and passengers. The goal VTTI is working with Transport VTTI is examining the role that RESEARCH PROJECTS trucks with different levels of ADS. This of the project is to demonstrate the 112Canada to develop driver 114a supervisor’s coaching has in project focuses on the development and feasibility of the barrier and share the training material and fleet management the relationship between driver and demonstration of a CONOPS for ADS- results to maximize the positive impact guidelines aimed at mitigating Driver in-vehicle monitoring system. VTTI equipped trucks, which will ensure the to the public transportation system Distraction in the motor carrier industry partnered with an oil and gas fleet results translate to real-world settings throughout the U.S. in Canada. The three main objectives of operation to collect data and evaluate that are of practical importance to the the project are to: 1) Develop commercial an industry-recommended practices trucking industry, regulators, and the VTTI is working with TRB to vehicle driver training material aimed at previously created by the research team public at large. 110evaluate transit vehicle brake addressing driver distraction; 2) Develop from 33 subject matter experts across 16 inspection through ultrasonic emissions fleet management guidelines to help industries. VTTI is working with FMCSA to analysis. This project proposes a new motor carriers mitigate distracted This year VTTI was awarded two study Electronically Controlled approach for improving transit safety driving, and 3) Develop a strategy to 108 very competitive Automated Braking Systems (ECBS). A key part of by analyzing ultrasonic sounds emitted promote and disseminate this material to 115 Driving System grants. The Safe this study is engaging with industry to by the brakes to detect problems. achieve maximum industry penetration. Operating ADS through Complex Dynamic provide FMCSA with valuable insight Ultrasonic‐based brake monitoring A literature review, survey of Canadian Scenarios is a $10M project focused on into industry concerns about market systems consist of non‐invasive sensors motor carriers, and a gap analysis of development and demonstration of how or regulatory barriers and future placed roadside near exits of transit existing driver distraction training and ADS can overcome difficult scenarios integration potential with ADAS and ADS. vehicle facilities. The sensors can be education programs was performed to in which robotic systems must interact VTTI provided FMCSA a draft report that automated to provide daily analysis of inform the development of the driver with public services such as police, fire, surveyed current ECBS technology, how brakes for every vehicle and issues alerts training material and fleet management and rescue as well as navigate work industry got to its current position, and if problems are detected. The study guidelines. zones and respond appropriately to industry’s future plans for development collected transit bus sound emission truck operators. This effort is being and deployment. VTTI will conduct data and maintenance records in order VTTI is working with Safe-D UTC accomplished in collaboration with another round of industry engagement to try to correlate emissions to known 113to develop automatic traffic major vehicle manufacturers through focusing on the costs of ECBS, a failure maintenance issues. VTTI is working monitoring strategies using existing the Crash Avoidance Partnership LLC as modes and effects analysis, and a high- with BrakeAudit to analyze the data and traffic infrastructure. The project well as Transurban, VDOT, and the public level analysis of test procedures that develop new procedures to improve data mainly focuses on traffic cameras services community. are applicable despite the uncertainty collection and apply the technique to deployed at the traffic intersections in Virginia Beach area. The project uses surrounding deployment and integration. new domains. VTTI is working with NHTSA on deep learning based computer vision VTTI is working with the VTTI is working with Noblis on a algorithms to train object detectors that 116a project to evaluate the impact

RESEARCH PROJECTS RESEARCH of sensor degredation over the lifetime University of South Florida and project to accelerate the adoption help in improving the tracking efficacy 109 111 of advanced vehicles. The goal is to the FTA on a COVID-19 feasibility study for of ADAS. Serving as a subcontractor to of roadway agents. Using the GPS based maximize the performance of ADAS, a transit bus operator temporary barrier. Noblis, VTTI helped research technical point mapping, algorithms are developed which rely on advanced perception The purposes of this project are to 1) and market barriers to adoption of to compute the speed and acceleration sensors, by ensuring their capabilities Demonstrate the production of a durable ADAS. VTTI will also perform a crash of the vehicles. This in turn helps to study are retained despite harsh exposure to physical barrier between the front and analysis feasibility assessment based traffic dynamics including traffic volume, the elements in the real world. rear passenger compartment; and 2) on data collected during a baseline and average speed of traffic, and measures 37 38 PROJECT highlights

This year VTTI expanded our In partnership with VDOT, VTTI of pavement and asset management VTTI started a collaboration with work with Ford and Spin through initiated and has continued to systems, including support for MAP21- Fugro to support the verification

117 120 122 RESEARCH PROJECTS development of a collaboration with the lead the transportation pooled-fund related initiatives. of their pavement profiling systems at BEAM (Bioengineering and Mechanics) TPF-5(345) Pavement Surface Properties the Virginia Smart Road. senior design team. The team, along with Consortium – Managing the Pavement VTTI initiated a collaboration with support from VTTI faculty and graduate Properties for Improved Safety, which 121the US Army Corps of Engineers VTTI began work on a study students, is evaluating injuries from focuses on optimizing pavement surface Engineer Research and Development 123entitled “CRISP Type 2: collisions on e-scooters and developing texture characteristics. This second Center (ERDC) and completed a first Collaborative Research: Towards countermeasures to improve scooter phase of the consortium is addressing project that provided support to the Resilient Smart Cities”. Sponsored by design. some of the emerging challenges in ERDC to conduct friction testing using the National Science Foundation, the the evaluation of pavement surface various friction measuring devices at the purpose of this multi-departmental VTTI completed a VDOT- properties and the changes needed Virginia Smart Road in collaboration with project is to break new ground in the 118sponsored project that to best support the next generation Applied Research Associates, Inc. understanding of synergies between determined that the structural condition multiple cyber-physical infrastructure information collected with the the traffic and resilient resource management, thus speed deflectometer on bituminous catalyzing the global deployment of smart pavement sections was appropriate to cities. This research will contribute to use in the VDOT pavement management the fostering of trust between residents system . The project collected data and the various technological processes on more than 4000 miles of interstate that are fundamental to the operation and primary road and the data were of a smart city. The VTTI portion of this used to augment pavement treatment project explored how individuals reacted selection in a manner similar to the to a simulated vehicle hack under manual current VDOT procedure using falling or SAE J3016 Level 2 driving automation weight deflectometer-based structural system conditions. condition data on interstate roads.

VTTI has continued to support the 119development and implementation of a statewide pilot pavement friction management program in Virginia. This effort included the measurement of approximately 7000 miles of continuous

RESEARCH PROJECTS RESEARCH pavement friction, macrotexture, and other roadway characteristics on the Virginia Corridors of Statewide Significance and the implementation of a methodology to rank friction safety improvements based on benefit-cost analysis. 39 40 PROJECT highlights

Additional information may be found in the Outreach & Community Engagement, Media development of experimental design Northern Virginia District Annual Coverage, and Presentations sections of this report. and study protocols, assisting in Transportation Career Fair, the Virginia executing a research experiment, Tech Science Festival, and outreach EDUCATION & OUTREACH VTTI houses close to 90% of national In collaboration with TRB of the contributing to project reports and performed with K-12 teachers and directly 01 and international naturalistic 03 National Academy of Sciences, publications, and presenting research with students in their classrooms. driving data in the world. With onsite data VTTI generated and made available results at conferences and seminars. reduction labs and extensive analysis transportation data sets that were Most research projects funded The Safe-D National UTC supported experience, the institute realized the delivered free-of-charge to several through Safe-D also contribute to a 10 the collaborative summer role it could play in helping others graduate students around the country, student’s thesis or dissertation. internship program held at the Texas mine and reduce its data to answer selected through a competitive process, A&M Transportation Institute during subsequent research questions about to support their theses and/or dissertation Safe-D National UTC researchers 2020. Through this program, interns driver behavior and performance. The research. 07 were actively engaged in teaching are matched with mentors and research labs provide abundant opportunities for efforts at each of the consortium projects, including many led by Safe-D undergraduate and graduate students to At the request of VDOT, VTTI universities. faculty, to gain hands-on experience in receive advanced training and participate 04 administered a connected- and transportation research. in data reduction and analysis activities automated-vehicle training program At all levels of education, Safe-D conducted at VTTI. During FY20, the Data for VDOT employees. The program was 08 UTC activities aim to inspire With support from public and private Reduction Group at VTTI employed 43 designed to provide information about and educate the next generation of 11 sponsors and the Safe-D National current Virginia Tech students, of which connected- and automated-vehicle transportation professionals. Safe-D UTC, the VTTI InternHUB is providing 42 (97%) were undergraduates. development relative to VDOT operations. research projects must include an advanced training and practical hands- on experience to students in a variety VTTI maintained a VCC website education and workforce development In collaboration with affiliated component as an output of each project. of transportation-related areas and the 02 faculty in the departments of civil 05 that describes all aspects of This requires project teams to identify opportunity to collaborate with faculty and environmental engineering, industrial the VCC, including the purpose, goals, specific education and workforceacross Safe-D consortium universities. and systems engineering, psychology, technical description, and how interested development products from their projects Safe-D National UTC researchers and statistics, VTTI is offering the third parties can become involved. More for development and dissemination. These presented at various science fairs Human Factors of Transportation Safety information is available at https://www. products can include K-12 curriculum 12 and science nights held at schools across Graduate Certificate Program (HFTS vtti.vt.edu/vcc/. modules to be used by teachers at various GCP). The certificate program is designed Virginia and in partnering states. The Safe-D National UTC levels to educate students about the to create and deliver to students in-depth results of project research, full university- knowledge and marketable skills applied 06 is dedicated to fostering VTTI researchers visited Sudley education and workforce development level course development, outreach to Elementary in Manassas, VA, to the research, evaluation, maintenance, the public, and educating the public 13 improvement, and protection of all opportunities. Each research project to showcase transportation research, funded through the Safe-D UTC must about various aspects of research and and to demonstrate advanced-vehicle ground transportation users and their transportation safety. communities, all from a human factors include student support at any level technologies to five classes of elementary school students. The demonstrations perspective. Students enrolled in the (i.e., undergraduate and/or graduate). Safe-D National UTC researchers included explanations of how advanced program will become leaders in the Safe-D encourages project teams to focused on encouraging students 09 vehicles work and how they can improve field of transportation safety within the include students in every aspect of to pursue STEM fields and enter the driving safety. EDUCATION & OUTREACH EDUCATION Commonwealth, across the nation, and research, such as reviewing literature transportation workforce through internationally. and methods, assisting with the outreach at events such as the VDOT 41 42 PROJECT highlights

VTTI researchers visited Falling VTTI will participate in the Global 14 Branch Elementary in Christiansburg, 19 Entrepreneur Partnership hosted by VA to showcase transportation research, Virginia Tech Outreach and International EDUCATION & OUTREACH particularly how autonomous vehicles Affairs and VT KnowledgeWorks. Student work and how they can improve driving teams and faculty representing 14 safety. institutions from 12 countries will explore resources for entrepreneurs, insights VTTI hosted a researcher from the on starting a business, considerations 15 University of the Basque Country in of expanding into new markets, and Spain for a period of one week. During this entrepreneurship support programs and week, the researcher was exposed to the innovations. Student teams will present methods and approaches used at VTTI to their business concepts for $45,000 in mine and analyze naturalistic driving data. cash prizes. We expect to host this researcher again once the COVID-19 crisis eases in order to The Driving Healthy website complete a joint research project related 20 was updated to provide tips to advanced data analytics. and information for commercial motor vehicle drivers. The information includes VTTI maintained membership within Eating & Living Healthy and Prevention & 16 the ISO Road Vehicle Ergonomics Screening. The website is useful not only subcommittee and coordinated the to professional drivers but also to the development and publication of two general public.. technical reports: 1) Automated-vehicle terms and definitions and 2) Automated- VTTI continued the development vehicle visual external communication. 21 of the FMCSA Data Repository, which, when opened, will host a number of VTTI continued an FMCSA project FMCSA data sets that researchers can use 17 to provide key information to driver to improve traffic safety and operations. education students on how to safely share These data sets will be available to the road with commercial motor vehicles. researchers at no cost. This project will involve onsite education and hands-on demonstrations at 25 high VTTI continued to operate the school driver education programs. 22 InSight website, which makes information and data elements of the VTTI co-organized the Automated SHRP 2 NDS available to researchers 18 Vehicles Symposium breakout around the world at no cost. Version 3.3 session on Automated Vehicle External of the website, including functionality and Communication and Human Factors data updates, was prepared for release Implications in San Francisco, Calif. EDUCATION & OUTREACH EDUCATION during FY20.

43 44 PROJECT highlights

VTTI began work on a Data A VTTI researcher served as the Through the BEAM department, Dr. ADDITIONAL ACCOMPLISHMENTS 23 Visualization Portal, which will 28 conference chair of the 2019 33 Zac Doerzaph taught the Advanced New Horizon Graduate Scholar

EDUCATION & OUTREACH provide several free-access analytics sets Quadrennial meeting of the International Vehicle Safety Systems Research and Eileen Hurbers for use, along with private credentialed Commission on Illumination (CIE). Development course, a hands-on minds- Liviu Librescu Memorial Fellowship access for sponsors. on class taught at VTTI to provide students Greg Beale, Faculty Advisor Miguel Perez VTTI worked the National Safety with immersive research and development VTTI hosted several research groups 29 Council’s Road to Zero program to learning experience. SAE Award for Excellence in Oral Presentation 24 in its secure data enclave, which conduct outreach for the Sharing the Road 2019 SAE World Congress allows for access to sensitive portions of with Trucks program. This project involved VTTI continued working with the Luke Riexinger, Faculty Advisor Clay Gabler the naturalistic driving data housed at the in-person demonstration at 15 high school 34 Transportation Research Board to institute. driver education programs, developing a evaluate the efficacy of Predictive Coach’s Gundolf Beier Foundation Award virtual Sharing the Road with Trucks video online driver training program. The purpose International Research Conference on the Biomechanics of The InSight Canada Data Access series, and creating an implementation of this project is to evaluate the ability Injury (IRCOBI) Conference 25 website continues to be operated. guide for driver education programs to of Predictive Coach’s innovative driver Luke Riexinger, Faculty Advisor Clay Gabler The website makes data elements from replicate the program. training delivery method to reduce transit Best Student Scientific Paper in Student Symposium, the Canada Naturalistic Driving Study bus operators’ risky driving behavior. This Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine available to researchers around the world VTTI co-organized the Automated project is funded through the Transit 2018 Conference at no cost. Vehicles Symposium breakout 30 Innovation Deserving Exploratory Analysis Samantha Haus, Faculty Advisor Clay Gabler session on Trucking Automation: Highly program. VTTI researchers serve on Automated and Platooning Cargo Galileo Galilei Visiting Professor 26 multiple TRB committees Transport in San Francisco, Calif. VTTI VTTI co-organized the Automated University of Florence and subcommittees—including the is coordinating the same session for 35 Vehicles Symposium breakout H. Clay Gabler Committees on Statistical Methods; presentation in Orlando, Fla. session on Trucking Automation: ABME Best Paper Award, 2020 Safety Data, Analysis, and Evaluation; Deployment Challenges and Opportunities Stemper, B. D., Shah, A. S., Harezlak, J., Rowson, S., Duma, S., Winter Maintenance; Traffic Flow Theory; VTTI researchers are involved in Orlando, FL. This two-session event Mihalik, J. P., . . . Giza, C. C. (2019). and Air Quality and the Subcommittee 31 with the Illuminating Engineering featured speakers from the US DOT, on Unmanned Aerial Systems—providing Society Roadway Lighting Committee, trucking fleets, state regulators, and US ABME Best Student Paper 2020 valuable input into a broad range of the Vision Science Committee, the and International automation developers Eamon Campolettano, Advisor Steve Rowson transportation concerns. Discomfort Glare in Outdoor Nighttime on the topics of truck platooning and ABME Best Student Paper 2020 Environment Committee, the Resilient driverless followers, as well as, Level 4 A VTTI researcher serves on the Megan Bland, Advisor Steve Rowson Lighting Committee, and the Outdoor stand-alone operations. selection committee for the 27 Environmental Lighting Committee. IEEE Fellow (Class of 2020) Alphonse Chapanis award given by the VTTI researchers hosted a group Hesham Rakha Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. A VTTI researcher was elected 36 of high school students enrolled The award recognizes the best student 32 as a representative for research in the North Carolina A&T Summer User Information Systems (AND20) 2019 Best Paper paper submitted to the annual meeting of faculty to the Virginia Tech Commission Transportation Institute. An overview of Award the society. on Research. VTTI was presented along with detailed Transportation Research Board 2020 Annual Meeting insight into teen driving safety. Osama Osman, Hesham Rakha EDUCATION & OUTREACH EDUCATION

45 46 Center for Advanced Automotive Research

Center for Automated Vehicle Systems

Center for Data Reduction and Analysis Support

Center for Infrastructure-based Safety Systems

Center for Injury Biomechanics

Center for Public Policy, Partnerships, and Outreach

Center for Sustainable Mobility

Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure

Center for Technology Development CENTERS Center for Technology Implementation groups & initiatives Center for Truck and Bus Safety Center for Vulnerable Road User Safety

Global Center for Automotive Performance Simulation

I-81 Corridor Coalition

International Center for Naturalistic Driving Data Analysis at Virginia Tech

Motorcycle Research Group

National Surface Transportation Safety Center for Excellence

Safety through Disruption (Safe-D) National University Transportation Center (UTC)

47 48 CENTERS groups & initiatives

Center for Advanced Automotive Research about real-world driver behavior and performance. Users Zac Doerzaph, Director include researchers within and outside of the institute, government entities, and automotive manufacturers and The Center for Advanced Automotive Research focuses suppliers. Center services include coding of video and on the development, research, and evaluation of next- audio data, data quality assurance, data standardization, generation automotive systems. The center is staffed by a data mining, event selection, and data analysis. The center multidisciplinary team of dedicated individuals who are actively supports data analysis collaborations with external passionate about improving the safety and efficiency of institutions. our nation’s transportation system. This team strives to solve a broad set of challenges associated with integrating Center for Infrastructure-based Safety Systems cutting-edge technologies into the vehicles of tomorrow. Ron Gibbons, Director Primary research areas of the center include crash warning/avoidance/mitigation systems, connected vehicles, The Center for Infrastructure-based Safety Systems ZAC DOERZAPH driver-vehicle interfaces, crash causation, and vehicle focuses on roadway-based safety systems, such as lighting, automation. visibility treatments, pavement markings, signage, signals, barriers, the interaction of visibility with roadway design, Center for Automated Vehicle Systems and weather considerations. The center houses the Lighting Shane McLaughlin, Director Infrastructure Technology Group, which conducts research into such topics as sign legibility in foggy conditions and The Center for Automated Vehicle Systems uses an the effects of lighting sources, and the Eco-Transportation interdisciplinary approach to studying all aspects related and Alternative Technologies Group, which represents a to the automation life cycle in the field of transportation. partnership between the institute, the Virginia Department The center conducts pragmatic research based on a of Transportation/Virginia Transportation Research Council, scientific approach that emphasizes the importance of the Virginia Tech Institute for Critical Technology and safety, security, reliability, and user acceptance. The center Applied Science, the Virginia Tech College of Engineering, is anchored in applied research and is strengthened by and the Virginia Tech Office of the Vice President for collaborations with national and international partners in Research and Innovation. SHANE MCLAUGHLIN vehicle automation, including Google, General Motors, and MIGUEL PEREZ other groups involved in the research, planning, policy, and Center for Injury Biomechanics production of automated vehicles. The goal of this center is Warren Hardy, Director RON GIBBONS to strengthen the safety benefits of automation across all The Center for Injury Biomechanics is a partnership between levels of the transportation industry. the institute, the Virginia Tech Department of Mechanical Engineering, and the Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University Center for Data Reduction and Analysis Support School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences. The center Miguel Perez, Director conducts research into injury biomechanics, injury modeling, The Center for Data Reduction and Analysis Support and transportation-related injury biomechanics. Center provides standardized access to and analysis of naturalistic work includes an in-depth study of 1,000 road-departure driving study data sets housed at the institute. These crashes at 24 sites across the U.S. to determine conditions data sets currently comprise 2.5 petabytes of information such as speed and topography. Other transportation- 49 50 CENTERS groups & initiatives

WARREN HARDY related injury research includes car crash tests, large-scale knowledge and processes, and educates qualified tissue testing, NASCAR-Indy restraint testing, advanced engineers to meet today’s transportation demands and restraint tests, guardrail evaluations, child seat evaluations, tomorrow’s transportation challenges in the areas of airbag-induced eye injuries, the development of a synthetic transportation network control, large-scale transportation eye, elbow joint injuries from side airbags, wrist injuries, system modeling, traffic state prediction using large data upper extremity dummy design, posterior rib fractures from and artificial intelligence techniques, transit bus real-time side airbags, child dummy neck evaluations, small female routing and scheduling, vehicle energy and environmental neck interactions with side airbags, airbag out-of-position modeling, transportation system modeling, and eco- testing, and the development of a pregnant occupant model. transportation applications. Center for Public Policy, Partnerships, and Outreach Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure Myra Blanco, Director; Michelle Chaka, Interim Director Gerardo Flintsch, Director The Center for Public Policy, Partnerships, and Outreach as- The Center for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure sists with the needed models of regulations for advanced focuses on asset management; pavement design, analysis, vehicles, such as driver assistance systems and connected rehabilitation, and safety; infrastructure management; civil and/or automated vehicles. The center provides research to engineering materials; nondestructive testing; and life- ensure state and federal policies are based on relevant data, cycle cost analyses. The center houses the Infrastructure develops partnerships to assist in the advancement of new Management Group and the Sensing, Modeling and systems, and enhances the research areas and sponsorship Simulation Group. The center initiated a consortium of diversity of the institute. The center works with stakehold- state highway agencies and equipment manufacturers ers whose interests are affected by governmental decisions dedicated to enhancing pavement surfaces. The center also on federal, state, local, or international levels in the devel- tested a product that extends the life of the road surface opment and implementation of automated vehicle systems. and retains de-icing chemicals on the surface, giving road crews time to deploy during inclement weather. The Myra has taken a sabbatical to work for Daimler Torc as a center was instrumental in developing a way to include the Senior Technical Fellow, helping to develop and evaluate environmental impact of road materials in the decision- the safety of its automated driving systems and implement MYRA BLANCO HESHAM RAKHA safety methods and policies. Michelle Chaka, appointed In- making processes during road construction. terim Director, continues to lead Center research that helps Center for Technology Development informs policymakers, developers, and other stakeholders on transportation technologies. Mike Mollenhauer, Interim Director Center for Sustainable Mobility The Center for Technology Development specializes in developing, implementing, and maintaining innovative Hesham Rakha, Director systems for transportation research. The center includes The Center for Sustainable Mobility conducts research the Mechanical Systems Group, which is responsible for relevant to society’s transportation mobility, energy, mechanical fabrication to suit the needs of all research environmental, and safety needs. The center translates the projects; the Data Acquisition Group, which is responsible results of research into realistic and workable applications, for electronic hardware design and is a pioneer in distributed creates and provides tools needed to apply developed data acquisition systems; and the Advanced Development

51 MICHELLE CHAKA 52 CENTERS groups & initiatives

Group, which is responsible for software development and vulnerable road users, including senior and teen drivers, includes specialists in machine vision, road tracking, and bicyclists, and pedestrians. Vulnerable road users comprise data analysis. all age groups and a variety of demographics; their one shared trait is an increased risk of suffering a traffic-related Center for Technology Implementation crash or injury. The center includes the Teen Risk and Injury Mike Mollenhauer, Director Prevention Group and the Senior Mobility Awareness, Safety, and Health Group. Research includes a naturalistic driving The Center for Technology Implementation was created to study of novice teen drivers with the goal of providing real- facilitate technology deployment and to leverage existing time feedback, gathering information for driver training, and research investments. The center makes it possible for keeping teens’ parents informed. The center has conducted the institute and its sponsors and clients to participate in outreach initiatives designed to provide recommendations early-stage technology implementation programs. Center for coordinating public and private services for the aged, GERARDO FLINTSCH personnel can help develop a toolbox of modular software disabled, and indigent populations. solutions that can be applied in new jurisdictions, building smart solutions that combine the best commercial products Global Center for Automotive Performance Simulation with customization that can fully address agency goals. Frank Della Pia, Director Center for Truck and Bus Safety The Global Center for Automotive Performance Simulation Rich Hanowski, Director is a world-class facility that provides revolutionary services for both vehicle and tire, including testing, simulation, and The Center for Truck and Bus Safety focuses on the modeling. The center comprises the National Tire Research research, development, and evaluation of heavy-vehicle Center, the Southern Virginia Vehicle Motion Labs (SoVa systems. The center is dedicated to the design, delivery, and Motion), and the Virtual Design and Integration Laboratory. implementation of leading-edge research and development Collectively, these initiatives provide the full range of efforts aimed at improving the health and safety of heavy- services essential for creating a more dynamic product vehicle drivers. The center comprises the Behavioral Analysis through both virtual and physical development. The center and Applications Group, the Human Factors and Advanced is affiliated with Virginia Tech, and it is located in Southern MIKE MOLLENHAUER System Testing Group, and the Safety and Human Factors Virginia. JON ANTIN Group. Center research includes refining and testing rear- lighting configurations to reduce the number and severity I-81 Corridor Coalition of rear-end crashes, determining safe hours of service for Andy Alden, Executive Director commercial motor vehicle drivers, evaluating causes of The I-81 Corridor Coalition is a consortium of stakeholders drowsiness and providing countermeasures, and developing dedicated to improving the safety, continuity, and efficiency education programs to keep drivers healthy and alert. of commercial and personal travel along the I-81 corridor Center for Vulnerable Road User Safety that extends from Tennessee to the Canadian border in Jon Antin, Director New York. This partnership comprises state Departments of Transportation, Metropolitan and Regional Planning The Center for Vulnerable Road User Safety conducts Organizations, non-governmental organizations, and research and outreach designed to enhance safety for all private entities from the six corridor states. The focus of the

53 RICH HANOWSKI 54 CENTERS groups & initiatives

coalition is to study and implementinnovative solutions to National Surface Transportation Safety Center for Excellence challenges specific to travel on a freight-intensive highway Jon Hankey, Director serving a variety of geopolitical regions and users. Current focus areas include incident management, development The National Surface Transportation Safety Center planning, and truck parking. for Excellence was established by the Federal Public Transportation Act of 2005 to develop and disseminate International Center for Naturalistic Driving Data Analysis at advanced transportation safety techniques and innovations Virginia Tech in both rural and urban communities. Center research Mike Mollenhauer Interim Director focuses on four major objectives: 1) To develop and test transportation devices and techniques that enhance driver The International Center for Naturalistic Driving Data performance; 2) To evaluate the roadway environment Analysis incorporates Virginia Tech’s petabyte-scale, and infrastructure-based safety systems; 3) To address high-performance data storage system into the data mobility for vulnerable road users; and 4) To examine driver FRANK DELLA PIA infrastructure of the institute. This allows analyses of impairment issues. data from multiple naturalistic driving studies using high performance computational systems to perform more Safety through Disruption (Safe-D) National University complex computational algorithms and data mining. The 48- Transportation Center (UTC) node compute cluster of the institute moves data between Zac Doerzaph, Director the field and the data center, decrypts data, prepares data files for ingestion to a 500-terabyte scientific data Fueled by the inevitable changes in our transportation warehouse, processes video files, and provides a platform system, the Safety through Disruption (Safe-D) National for advanced analytical processing. A peta-scale archive file University Transportation Center (UTC)—which comprises the system will ultimately facilitate the long-term storage of institute, the Texas A&M Transportation Institute, and San numerous petabytes of data while maintaining data in an Diego State University—endeavors to maximize the potential online state. safety benefits of disruptive technologies through targeted research that addresses the most pressing transportation Motorcycle Research Group safety questions. The center focuses on four potential ANDY ALDEN Shane McLaughlin, Group Leader disruptive technologies: connected vehicles, automated ANDY PETERSEN vehicles, transportation as a service, and big data analytics. The Motorcycle Research Group was born from a history The U.S. Department of Transportation awarded the center JON HANKEY in transportation research; concern about an increasing in November 2016 as a highly competitive national UTC number of motorcyclist fatalities and injuries; and the grant. The national grant entails a planned $2.8 million excitement of a large number of institute engineers, staff, each year in federal funding for five years, matched by an researchers, and family who are riders. The group focuses on equal amount of cost-share funds from university, state, riders and their machines while considering other factors in and private sources. The nation’s top safety researchers will the surrounding transportation system. Group researchers perform work under the center while leveraging existing conducted the first large-scale naturalistic driving study and upcoming world-class research facilities across the of motorcycles, which was designed to explore motorcycle universities, such as the Virginia Automated and Connected crash causation and develop crash countermeasures. Corridors and the Virginia Smart Roads, all of which will collectively enable robust real-world testing of automated 55 and connected vehicles. 56 The continued success of VTTI is due, SPONSORS, in large part, to its sponsors, partners, clients, and stakeholders. VTTI would like CLIENTS, to acknowledge the contributions and & PARTNERS support of the following organizations:

57 58 SPONSORS clients & partners • 33M • Blackberry • Corning Cable Systems • Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration • 5G Automotive Association • BMW • Crack Sealant Consortium • Federal Railroad Administration • AAA • Booz Allen Hamilton • Crash Avoidance Metrics Partnership (CAMP) • FEV • AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety • Bosch • Crash Safety Research Center • Fleetmatics • AAA Mid-Atlantic • BP Amoco • CSAA Insurance Group • Florida A&M University • Acclaro Research Solutions, Inc. • BrakeAudit • CUBRC • Fluor, Va. • ACF • Bridgestone • CVSA • Ford Driving Skills for Life • Aioi Nissay Dowa • Brigham Young University • DBi Services • Ford Motor Company • Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers • California Department of Transportation • Delaware Department of Motor Vehicles • Foundation for Outdoor Advertising Research and Education • Alpha Foundation • California Energy Commission • Delaware Technical and Community College • Fugro Roadware • American Association of Motor Vehicle Administrators • Calspan • Delft University of Technology • General Motors • American Association of State Highway and Transportation • Cambridge Mobile Telematics • Deloitte • General Motors OnStar Division Officials • Cambridge Systematics • Delphi Electronics • George Mason University • American Transportation Research Institute • Canadian Council of Motor Transport Administrators • Drexel University • Georgia Department of Transportation • American Towers • Capital Area Transit System in Baton Rouge • Drivewyze • Glenwood Consulting • Amoco • Carilion Institute for Orthopaedics and Neurosciences • Robert Denaro • Global Human Body Models Consortium • The Appalachian Regional Commission • Carnegie Mellon Robotics Institute • DENSO • Goodyear • Applied Research Associates • Carnegie Mellon University • DGE, Inc. • Google • Arete Associates • CARPI USA • District of Columbia Department of Transportation • Guard Rail of Roanoke, Inc. • Arity (a subsidiary of Allstate Insurance) • Case Western Reserve University • DLA Piper • Halifax County, Va. • Arizona State University • Catapult Transport Systems • DMD & Associates • Hankook Tire • Arkansas State Police • Center for Advanced Transportation Mobility University • Donovan Hatem • Harmonia • Arlington County, Va. Transportation Center • Draper Laboratory • HERE • Asia University • Center for Innovative Technology • Drexel University • Honda • Association for Unmanned Vehicle Systems International • Centers for Disease Control • DRP Performance • Honda R&D • Association of Global Automakers • Cernet Corp. • Duke University • Honda Research Institute – Europe • Assured Information Security • Chen Ryan Associates • Dunlap and Associates, Inc. • Hoosier Racing • Atkins Global • Chrysler • Dynamic Research, Inc. • Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc. • Atlantic Construction Fabric • Cisco Systems • Eaton • Hubbell Lighting, Inc. • Attention Technologies, Inc. • City of Flagstaff • eDriving • Human.ai Ltd. • Auburn University • City of Richmond • Education Logistics, Inc. • Human Factors North • Audi • Civilogix, Inc. • EMMES • Hume Center • Autoliv • Clanton & Associates, Inc. • Enercon Services, Inc. • Hyundai Fire and Insurance • Automotive Events • Clean Air Tech International • Energy Systems Network • Hyundai Kia • B&W Pantex • Clear Roads • Engineering & Software Consultants, Inc. • Hyundai Motor Company • Battelle • Clemson University • Ergonomic Analysis, Inc. • IAOV Chemnitz • B-Con Engineering, Inc. • Cohda Wireless • Erie Insurance • IDEA Programs • Beam Brothers • Colorado Department of Transportation • ERTICO • Illinois Department of Transportation • Bedford County, Va. • Commercial Vehicle Safety Alliance • Escrypt • Illuminating Engineering Society of North America • Bekaert • Commonwealth Cyber Initiative • European Commission • Indianapolis Motor Speedway • Ben-Gurion University • Continental Automotive Systems, Inc. • Fairfax County Transit • Institute for Critical Technology and Applied Science • Betty Serian and Associates • Con-Way • Fairfax County, Va. • Institute for Transportation Research and Education at • Bishop Consulting • Cooper Tire • Federal Highway Administration North Carolina State University 59 60 SPONSORS clients & partners • Institute for Work Organizational and • Meritor WABCO • National Institute of Child Health & • Northern Virginia Regional Transport Research • Merritt C. Becker, Jr. University of Human Development Commission • Insurance Institute for Highway Safety New Orleans Transportation Institute • National Institute for Occupational • Nutonomy • Intelligent Automation, Inc. • Mesilla Valley Transportation Safety and Health • Nuro • Intelligent Transportation Society of • Michelin • National Institute of Advanced • Oak Ridge National Laboratories America • Michigan State University Industrial Science and Technology in • Office of the Assistant Secretary for • Interactive Design and Development • Mid-Atlantic Aviation Partnership Japan Research and Technology • Iowa State University • Mid-Atlantic Broadband • National Institute of Aerospace • Office of the Secretary of • Iran University of Science and • Minnesota Department of • National Institutes of Health Transportation Technology Transportation • National Parks • Ohio State University • Iteris, Inc. • James A. Misener (Consultant) • National Private Truck Council • Oilcom • iTHRIV • Mississippi Department of • National Renewable Energy • Old Dominion University • Jacobs, Edwards, and Kelcey, Inc. Transportation Laboratory • Omni Weight Corporation • Jaguar/Landrover • The MITRE Corporation • National Safety Council • Optimal CAE • John Horsley and Associates • Marine Corps Base Quantico • National Science Foundation • OptimumG • Johns Hopkins University • Mobis • National Surface Transportation • OrbComm • Johnson Controls, Inc. • ModComp Safety Center for Excellence • OSRAM SYLVANIA • Kapsch TrafficCom • Montana State University – Western • National Transit Institute • Outdoor Advertising Association of • Kimley-Horn and Associates Transportation Institute • National Transportation Research America • Korea Advanced Institute of Science • Monterey Technologies, Inc. Center, Inc. • PACCAR, Inc. and Technology • Montgomery County, Va. • NAUTO, Inc. • Pacific Northwest National Laboratory • Kumho Tire • Morgan State University • Navistar International • Pacific-Sierra Research • Last Resource • Motor Coach Industries • NEC Laboratories • Parsons Brinckerhoff • LED Roadway Lighting • Motorcycle Safety Foundation • Neusoft • PB Farradyne, Inc. • Leidos • MRI Global • New Orleans Amalgamated Transit • PB World • Lisboa, Inc. • Munich Reinsurance America, Inc. Union • Peloton Technology • Litton Network Access Systems • Nanosonic, Inc. LLC • New River Valley Planning District • Penn State University • Long Road Racing • Nanyang Technological University Commission • Pennoni • Lord Corporation • NASA – Langley Research Center • New York City Transit Authority • Pennsylvania Department of • Loughborough University • NASCAR • NEXCO-West Japan Transportation • Louisiana Public Transit Association • National Academy of Sciences • Nexen Tire • Performance Fuels System • Maccaferri • National Academy of Sciences Transit- • Nissan • Petron Malaysia • MaineWay Services IDEA Program • Nissan Research Center • Philips Lighting • Malaysian Institute of Road Safety • National Academy of Sciences • Noblis • Pierce Transit Research Transportation Research Board • Norfolk Southern Railroad • Pitt Ohio • MAN Truck & Bus AG • National Advanced Mobility • North American Fatigue Management • Plymouth Rock Assurance • Massachusetts Institute of Consortium Program • Potomac and Rappahannock Technology • National Archive of Brazil • North Carolina A&T State University Transportation Commission • Maverick Trucking • National Chiao Tung University • North Carolina Agricultural and • Princeton Lightwave • Mazda • National Cooperative Highway Technical State University • Prince William County • MCI Federal Research Program • North Carolina Department of • Professional Truck Driving Institute • MEA Forensics • National Highway Traffic Safety Transportation • PSMJ Resources, Inc. • Mercedes-Benz Administration • North Carolina State University • Purdue University 61 62 SPONSORS clients & partners • Qatar National Research Fund • Stantec International, Inc. (Dubai branch) • University of Maryland • Virginia Center for Coal and Energy Research • Qualcomm • State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Company • University of Massachusetts/Amherst • Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation • Queens University • Swift Malaysia • University of Massachusetts – Lowell • Virginia Department of Environmental Quality • Realtime Technologies, Inc. • SwissRe • University of Massachusetts Medical Center • Virginia Department of Motor Vehicles • REI Safety Services, Inc. • Systems Technology, Inc. • University of Melbourne • Virginia Department of Rail and Public Transportation • Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute • Takata • University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute • Virginia Department of Transportation • Research and Special Programs Administration • TASS • University of Minnesota • Virginia Department of Transportation Operations and • RGS Associates, Inc. • Technische Universität Dresden • University of Missouri Security Division • Ricardo, Inc. • Tesla • University of Missouri – Columbia • Virginia Rail Policy Institute • Road to Zero • Texas A&M Transportation Institute • University of Nevada, Reno • Virginia Railway Express • RoadSafe • Texas Department of Transportation • University of New South Wales • Virginia Tech Foundation • ROHO, Inc. • Thomas Jefferson University • University of North Carolina • Virginia Tech Parking Auxiliary • Rowan University • Thoroughbred Construction • University of North Carolina Highway Safety Research • Virginia Tourism Commission • Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey • TNO Defense, Security and Safety Center • Virginia Transportation Research Council • SAE International • Tom Tom • University of North Florida • Visteon Corporation • San Diego State University • TORC Robotics • University of Pennsylvania • Volkswagen-Audi • Saskatchewan Government Insurance • Town of Blacksburg • University of Siegen • Volpe National Transportation Systems Center • Savari • Toyota • University of South Carolina • Volvo • Schneider • Toyota – InfoTechnology Center • University of South Dakota • Volvo Technology of America, Inc. • Science Applications International Corporation • TransAnalytics • University of South Florida • Volvo Trucks North America • Science Museum of Western Virginia • Transecurity • University of Tennessee • Washington State Department of Transportation • Scientex • Transport Canada • University of Texas at Austin • Waymo • Scitor Corporation • Transportation Research Center, Inc. • University of Toronto • Wayne State University • SEA Limited • Transurban • University of Utah • Weigh-In-Motion • Security Innovation Company • Travelers Insurance • University of Virginia • West Virginia State • Sfara, Inc. • Trimble Transportation Mobility • University of Washington • WESTAT • Shandong University • Trucking Alliance • University of Wyoming • Western Research Institute • Shenandoah Telephone • TrueMotion • UPS • Windwalker Corporation • Shentel Service Company • TruWeather Solutions • U.S. Air Force • Wisconsin Department of Transportation • Siecor/Corning • Tsinghua University • U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Research and Development • WSP USA • Siemens • TUV Rheinland Mobility, Inc. Center • Wyle Laboratories • SmartCap Technologies • United Defense, L.P. • U.S. Army Research Laboratory • Xiaoju Science and Technology Limited • SmartDrive • Universidad del Pais Vasco • U.S. Department of Agriculture ChooseMyPlate.gov Program • Yale University • Snow Economics • University of Alabama at Birmingham • U.S. Department of Defense • ZF TRW • Software Technology, Inc. • University of Applied Sciences Dresden • U.S. Department of Energy • South Carolina Department of Transportation • University of Calgary • U.S. Department of Justice • South Dakota Department of Transportation • University of Central Florida • U.S. Department of the Navy • South Dakota State University • University of Connecticut • U.S. Department of Transportation • Southeast University • University of Florida • Valeo Comfort and Driving Assistance Systems North • Southwest Research Institute • University of Idaho America • SovaMotion • University of Illinois • Valoriza • Spin • University of Iowa • Vehicle Safety Communications 3 (VSC3) • Spire Innovations • University of Kentucky • Veridian • Virginia Center for Autonomous Systems 63 64 During FY20, numerous representatives OUTREACH, of current and potential sponsoring/ partnering organizations, marketing community engagement, groups, and conference groups visited & media coverage VTTI and/or the Virginia Smart Roads, including, but not limited to:

65 66 OUTREACH community engagement, & Media

• 3E • Dbi Services • Institute for Critical Technology and • OARC • University of New Brunswick • AARP • Defense Counter-Intelligence Applied Science • Office of Senator Tim Kaine • University of Nottingham • Acuity Brands Security Agency • Institute of Forensic Engineering: • Old Dominion University • U.S. Army ERDL • DDHCA Industrial Systems Engineering • Adams • IT ES • Onward NR • U.S. Department of Energy • AEDP • Dell • ORNL • Virginia Department of Motor Vehicles • Dominion Door • Itron • Aeroprobe • Jamison Electric • Otis • VAA • Aflac • Dominion Energy • Pillar • Virginia Department of Transportation • DRI • JARI • ALPA • JBGS • PNNL • Vmware • APEX • DRPT • Precision Glass • VSWCC • Duncan/Ford • Keyper • Apple • Keyshop • Pronto • Virginia Tech Biomedical and Mechanical Engineering • ARA • Dynamic Research Inc. • PSI Department • Eastern Montgomery High School • Leadership Roanoke Valley • Virginia Tech Bradley Department of Electrical and • AS • LSIE • PTI Computer Engineering • Auburn University • EasyMile • Qumrlo • ECS • Lutron • Virginia Tech Civil and Environmental Engineering • Association for Unmanned Vehicle • R & K Solutions Department • EDGEMOON • Lyft Systems International (AUVSI) • Radford City Schools • Virginia Tech Computer Science Department • EHS • Marshall University • AVSS • REI Engineers • Virginia Tech Corporate Research Center • Embassy of France • Measurement Instruments • AWS • Ricoh • Virginia Tech Environmental Health and Safety • Fairfax County (DOT, Fire, and Police) • Michelin • AXA XL BRC • Roanoke College • Virginia Tech Industrial Systems Engineering • FBRI • Mid-Atlantic Aviation Partnership • Barrows • Roush • Virginia Tech President Tim Sands • Federal Motor Safety Carrier • MMG • BEI • RTC/CRC • Virginia Tech Roanoke Center • Blacksburg Fire & Rescue Administration • MOOG • FLSA • NAMC • RTW • Vulvan Materials • Bolivia Middle School • South Carolina Department of Transportation • Wattstopper • Boxley • Ford • Nano Sauz • Fugro • Nano Sonic • SEA • WFXR News • Cambridge Computer • State Electric • WUDOH • CCS • GE Current • National Aeronautics and Space • Global Center for Automotive Administration • Subaru • Yinnovation LLC • Christiansburg RMS Performance Simulation • National Institute of Advanced • SUNY Poly • Cimcom • General Motors Industrial Science and Technology • Synapse • Citizens for Sensible Dev • GGB • New River Community College • Techsburg • City of Alexandria • GJ Hopkins • Next Level • TORC • City of Virginia Beach • Global Entrepreneur Challenge by • NGLS • Transport Research Center • Columbus McKinnon (CMCO) Virginia Tech • NI&S • Transurban • Comm Scope • Grant Thornton • NIT Laraical • Travelers • Congressman Morgan Griffith • Hybrid Electric Vehicle Team at • NITS • TRC Virginia Tech • CRC MCDOT Myers • National Safety Council • Trustpoint • HRPP • D.T.S. • Oak Ridge Nation Lab • TV Brunschweig 67 68 OUTREACH community engagement, & Media VTTI and its facilities were well represented • SAE Government/Industry Meeting MEDIA COVERAGE FY20 * Denotes media outlets that covered VTTI more than once during FY20 at several international and national industry • School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences Symposium • 13 ABC News Now • Collegiate Times* Technology • Pittsburgh Business • Transport Topics* conferences, symposia, and meetings, including, • SIP-adus Workshop 2019 but not limited to: • AAA Foundation • Collision Repair Mag • GPS World Magazine Times • Transportation • Sleep Scientific Meeting • 3rd Annual UTC Conference for the Center for Advanced • ABC 13 Lynchburg • Commercial Carrier • Heavy Duty • POLITICO* Today Transportation Mobility • TECH.AD USA • ABC Columbia Journal Trucking* • PR Newswire* • Troy Daily News • 5th International Traffic Safety Forum • TMC Annual Meeting 2020 • Adventure Rider • Community Idea • Huntsville Item • Prime Mover • Truck News • 7th Annual Distracted Driving Summit • Transportation Research Board 99th Annual Meeting • AJMC Managed Stations • I’Automobile • PRNewswise • UMN News • 14th Annual Transportation Leadership Conference • TU Connected Fleets Markets Network • Connection • ICT • Produce News • Urbana Daily Citizen • 16th International LS-DYNA Conference • Virginia Film Festival • Alexandria Living • Construction • INSC Magazine • PsychCentral • USA Today Magazine Equipment Guide • Inside NOVA • 24th Annual Underground Stone Safety Seminar, Louisville, • Voxxed Days Banff 2019 • Record-Courier • Venture Beat • Atlanta Journal • Culpepper Star- KY • 2019 ACM International Symposium on Wearable Computers • Insurance Business • Richmond Times • Virginia Business Constitution Exponent • IT World Dispatch* Magazine • 26th ESV • 2019 Annual Fleet Safety Conference • Daily Progress • 26th World Road Congress, Abu Dhabi, UAE • Audi • La Vanguardia • Roanoke Star* • Virginia Tech News* • 2019 Collegiate Student Safety Technology Design • Augusta Free Press* • Datacenter • AAAM 2020 Student Symposium (virtual) Competition • Lakewood-JBLM • Roanoke Times* • Virginia Tech • Auto Mobilsport Dynamics • Landline Media • Safety and Health Transportation • Arc Network Appalachia Meeting • 2020 International CES • Auto Motor & Sport • Dayton Daily News • Law 360 Magazine Institute • Automated Vehicle Symposium • 2019 IRCOBI Conference • Autoblog • DMTA eNews • LEDs Magazine • Safety.BLR.com • Volonte • Autonomous Vehicle Test and Development Symposium 2019 • 2020 IRCOBI Asia Conference • AutoMobilSport. • Dogwood Daily • Legal Advocate • Salina Post • Washam Weekly • ASCE T&DI International Airfield & Highway Pavements com* • EC&M • Sankei News • Washington Post* Conference • LehighValleyLive • Automotive News • EdScoop • Lexology • Saskatoon Star • WDBJ* • ASME-IDETC Conference • Autonomous Cars • Eetasia • Mass Transit Phoenix • WDVM • Azuga webinar with Marc Hoag • EIN News Magazine • Sen. Warner’s • WebWire • Biomedical Engineering Society Annual Meeting • Autonomy • ELE Times • Massive Science website • WFXR* • Delaware Driver’s Education Instructor Symposium (Malcolm Gladwell • Electronics360 • Metro Magazine • Sentinel • WHIO • Fleet Owner webinar documentary) • Enid News and Eagle • MetroWest Daily • SF Gate • WHSV • Fort Collins Coders • Autoproveit • EurekAlert!* News • Silive.com • WIRED • Future Active Safety Technology Towards Zero Traffic • Autoweek • Fierce Electronics • Motofakty • SlashGear • WRIC Accidents 2019 • Axios* • FierceWireless • NBC4 Washington • StateTech Magazine • WSET • Governor’s Transportation Conference 2019 • Baltimore Sun • Fleet Forward* • New Kerala • Suburban Times • WSLS* • IEEE GLOBECOM 2019 • Car and Driver • Fleet Owner* • New York Times • SupplyChainBrain • WSMV • IEEE Intelligent Transportation System Conference • Car Complaints • Forbes • Newswise • Technical.ly • WTOP* • Illumination Engineering Society Annual Conference 2019 • CBS Pittsburgh • Ford Authority • Nova • Telecompetitor • WVTF • InSight webinar • Charleston Post • Fredericksburg. • NPR Richmond • TODAY Show • Yahoo News • International Research Council on Biomechanics of Injury Courier com* • Overton County • Torque News* Australia • Chronicle of Higher • JSAE Human Factor Committee Meeting 2019 • Freelance Star News • Traffic Technology • ZDNet Education • Glass on Web • NORA Winter Meeting and Environmental Health and Safety • Pakistan Today Today • Ziua Cargo Forum 2020 • Claims Journal • Globe and Mail • Patch.com • Trailer-Bodybuilders • Pavement Evaluation 2019 • CNET • Government • Phys.Org • Transport Routier 69 70 PRESENTATIONS HONORS awards & services

71 72 PRESENTATIONS honors, awards, & services Presentations, Conference Papers, and Proceedings Bhagavathula, R., Gibbons, R., & Lutkevich, P. (2019). Chaka, M. (2019). Development of Safety Testing for Automated Should We Illuminate Areas Adjacent to the Roadway? The Driving System-Equipped Vehicles. Proceedings of the SIP- Need for Surround Ratios in the Age of LEDs. 2019 Illumination adus Workshop 2019, Japan. Albert, D. L., Hardy, W. N., & Kemper, A. R. (2019). An Amarh, E. A., Flintsch, G. W., Fernandez-Gomez, W., Engineering Society Annual Conference, Louisville, KY. Investigation of the Efficacy of Using Strain Gage Arrays to Diefenderfer, B., & Bowers, B. (2019). Eight-Year Field Chaka, M. (2019). Potential of Naturalistic Driving Data for ADS Measure Axial and Shear Femur Forces in Post-Mortem Human Performance of Portland Cement and Asphalt Stabilized Full- Blanco, M., Chaka, M., Gabler, C., Stowe, L., Hardy, W. Safety Assurance. Proceedings of the SIP-adus Workshop 2019, Subjects. Proceedings of the International Research Council on Depth Reclamation Projects. ASCE T&DI International Airfield & N., McNeil, J., Fitchett, V., Lee, E. L. (2019). Assessment, Japan. Biomechanics of Injury, Florence, Italy. Highway Pavements Conference. Chicago, IL. Evaluation, and Approaches to Technical Translations of FMVSS Chaka, M. (2019). ADAS and ADS Naturalistic Driving Data and Test Procedures that may Impact Compliance of Innovative Alden, A. (2019). Automated Last Mile Connectivity for Amarh, E. A., Santos, J., Flintsch, G. W., & Diefenderfer, B. Research: Current Results and Ongoing Activities. Proceedings New Vehicle Designs Associated with Automated Driving Vulnerable Road Users – Project Update. CATM 2019 K. (2020). Development of pavement performance prediction of the JSAE Human Factor Committee Meeting 2019, Japan. Systems. Proceedings of the 26th ESV, Paper Number 19-0261, Symposium. Daytona Beach, FL. models for in-situ recycled pavements in Virginia. Pavement, Eindhoven, Netherlands. Custer, K. (November, 2019). InSight Webinar: Data Sharing Alden, A. (2019). Low-Speed Autonomous Vehicle Research. Roadway, and Bridge Life Cycle Assessment 2020. (Postponed with Dataverse. AUVSI Symposium. Blacksburg, VA. to January 2021). Camden, M. C. (2020). Reducing Unsafe Driving with a Driver Safety Playbook. Webinar hosted by Azuga. Decker, J. A., Haus, S. H., & Gabler, H. C. (January 2020). Alden, A. (2019). Smart Regions and Cities Building Blocks. Anderson, R. M., Haus, S. H., & Gabler, H. C. (January 2020). Potential Benefits of AnimalAEB Systems based on US Driving A Smart Region: Building A Human-Centered Knowledge Estimated Effectivenessof Bicycle-Automatic Emergency Camden, M. C. (2020). Research Proven Technologies to Data. Proceedings of the 2020 Transportation Research Board Commons. Blacksburg, V. A. Braking using the WATS Dataset. Proceedings of the 2020 Reduce Commercial Vehicle Crashes. Invited presentation to Conference. Transportation Research Board Conference. be given at the 2020 NORA Winter Meeting and Environmental Alden, A. (2019). Work Zones: Advances and obstacles Health and Safety Forum, Dallas, TX. Dinges, D. F., Maislin, G., Hanowski, R. J., Mollicone, D. to Introduction of AVs. Proceedings of the Pennsylvania Ashqar, H., Elhenawy, M., Masoud, M., Rakotonirainy, A., J., Hickman, J. S., Maislin, D., Kan, K, Hammond, R. L., Automated Vehicle Summit. Pocono Manor, PA. & Rakha, H. A. (2019). Vulnerable Road User Detection Using Camden, M. C. (September, 2019). Engage Drivers with an Soccolich, S. A., Moeller, D. D., Trentalange, M., Cordoza, Smartphone Sensors and Recurrence Quantification Analysis. Effective Safety Strategy. Webinar hosted by Fleet Owner. Alden, A. and Druta, C. (2019). Defining the Extent and Impact M., & Kaizi-Lutu, M. (2019). Sleep quantity and quality, PVT-B Presented at the IEEE Intelligent Transportation System Camden, M. C. (October, 2019). Research and Practical performance, and subjective sleepiness, fatigue, and stress of the I-81 Corridor and its Relevance to the Appalachian Conference (ITSC19). Auckland, New Zealand. Development Highway System (ADHS). Proceedings of the Arc Findings to Reduce Distracted Driving. Invited presentation at in commercial motor vehicle (CMV) drivers: On-duty days vs. Network Appalachia Meeting, Washington, DC. Bareiss, M. & Gabler, H. C. (September 2019). Optimizing the 7th Annual Distracted Driving Summit, Roanoke, VA. restart (off-duty) days. Paper presented at the Sleep Scientific Pre-Crash Steering Systemswith Reinforcement Learning. Camden, M. C., Hickman, J. S., & Hanowski, R. J. (October, Meeting, San Antonio, TX. Ali, G. (2020). valuating Roads Using Kinematic Variables. Proceedings of the Future Active Safety Technology Towards Proceedings of the 2020 Transportation Research Board Joint 2019). Research-Proven Strategies to Significantly Improve Doerzaph, Z. (2020). A Simple Method for Standardized zero traffic accidents (FAST-zero) 2019 Conference, Blacksburg, Fleet Safety: Results from Nine Companies. Paper presented at Performance Evaluation of Vehicles with Automated Driving Subcommittee Meeting AND10(2): Human Factors Road Design VA. Guides. the 2019 Annual Fleet Safety Conference, Henderson, NV. Features. Invited Presentation to: Verification and Validation Basantis, A., Rossi-Alvarez, A., Novotny, A., Bloomquist, E., Camden, M. C. (September, 2019). Sifting Through the Data on Task Force under SAE’s On-Road Automated Driving (ORAD) Aljamal, M., Abdelghaffar, H., & Rakha, H. A. (2019). Kalman Greatbatch, R., Riexinger, L., . . . Doerzaph, Z. (2019). Poster Committee. Filter-based Vehicle Count Estimation Approach Using Probe Large Truck Advanced Safety Systems: Examining the Research Presentation: Pre Rear-End Positioning and Risk Extenuation on Effectiveness, Cost, and Benefits. Invited presentation at Doerzaph, Z. (2019). Engaging the Next Generation Workforce: Data: A Multi-lane Road Case Study. Presented at the IEEE System (PREPARES). SBES Symposium. Intelligent Transportation System Conference (ITSC19). Hudson Insurance’s 14th Annual Transportation Leadership Advancing Transportation through Interdisciplinary Student Auckland, New Zealand. Bhagavathula, R., Gibbons, R., & Nussbaum, M. (2020). Does Conference, Indianapolis, IN. Talent. Promoting Innovation through Virginia Higher Ed. the Interaction between Vehicle Headlamps and Roadway Chaka, M. (2019). Development of Safety Testing for Automated Governor’s Transportation Conference/2019 Innovation Almannaa, M., Elhenawy, M., Masoud, M., & Rakha, H. A. Lighting Affect Visibility? A Study of Pedestrian and Object Summit. (2019). A New Mathematical Approach to Solve Bike Share Driving Systems. Proceedings of the Autonomous Vehicle Test Contrast. In SAE Technical Papers, 2020. doi:10.4271/2020-01- and Development Symposium 2019, Novi, MI. Druta, C. & Alden, A. (2020). Preventing Animal-Vehicle System Station Imbalances Based on Portable Stations. 0569. Presented at the IEEE Intelligent Transportation System Crashes Using a Smart Detection Technology and Warning Conference (ITSC19). Auckland, New Zealand. System (20-04130). Proceedings of the Transportation Research Board 99th Annual Meeting, Washington, D. C. 73 74 PRESENTATIONS honors, awards, & services

Elbery, A., Hassanein, H. S., Zorba, N., & Rakha, H. A. (2019). Hankey, J. (February 2020). A Comprehensive Review of Iverson, S. (September 2019). Introduction to Encryption McCarthy, R., Flintsch, G., de Leόn Izeppi, E., Katicha, S., VANET-based Smart Navigation for Emergency Evacuation and Naturalistic Driving Study Outcomes –Key recommendations Concepts. Voxxed Days Banff 2019, Banff, Alberta Canada. & Guo, F. (2020). A Mathematical Approach for Determining Special Events. Presented at IEEE International Workshop on for Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Invited keynote, Fifth International Justo-Silva, R., Ferreira, A., & Flintsch, G. W. (2019). Investigatory Levels of Friction. 99th Annual Meeting of the Computer Aided Modeling and Design of Communication Links Traffic Safety Forum, Saudi Arabia. Development of Accident Prediction Models to Incorporate Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC. and Networks. Limassol, Cyprus. Haus, S. H. & Gabler, H. C. (September 2019). The Potential Road Safety into Pavement Management. 26th World Road Meng, Y., & Untaroiu, C. D. (2020). Occupant Injury Risk Elbery, A., Hassanein, H. S., Zorba, N., & Rakha, H. A. (2019). for Active Safety Mitigation of U.S. Vehicle-Bicycle Crashes. Congress. Abu Dhabi, UAE. Assessment during a Car–to-End Terminal Crash under Crash VANET-based Smart Navigation for Vehicle Crowds: FIFA World Proceedings of the Future Active Safety Technology Towards Kang, K., Bichiou, Y., Rakha, H. A., Elbery, A., & Yang, H. (2019). Test Conditions and Extended Scenarios, 16th International LS- Cup 2022 Case Study. Presented at IEEE GLOBECOM 2019. zero traffic accidents (FAST-zero) 2019 Conference, Blacksburg, Development and Testing of a Connected Vehicle Optimal Dyna, Detroit, MI. Waikoloa, Hawaii. VA. Lane Selection Algorithm. Presented at the IEEE Intelligent Miller, A. (December 2019). Vehicle Automation and Operator Flintsch, G. W., Katicha, S., & Shrestha, S. (2019). Enhancing Hernandez-Taylor, B. & Camden, M. C. (2019). Introducing TransportatiOn System Conference (ITSC19). Auckland, New Autonomy. Presented at the 24th annual Underground Stone Network-Level Pavement Management Using Traffic Speed Azuga SafetyCam: The Technology You Need at a Price You Can Zealand. Safety Seminar, Louisville, KY. Deflectometers. 26th World Road Congress. Abu Dhabi, UAE. Afford. Webinar hosted by Azuga. Katicha, S., Shrestha, S., Flintsch, G. W., & Diefenderfer, B. Miller, A., Owens, J. M., Seong, Y., & Yi, S. (November 2019). Flintsch, G. W., Medina, A., Pereyra, A., & Uechi, L. (2019). Hickman, J. S. (2019). Panel on Reassessing the ELD Mandate (2020). Development of an Approach to Incorporate Pavement Vulnerable Road User Mobility Assistance Platform Updates Evaluación del Nivel de Madurez en la Gestión de Activos as the Compliance Deadline comes to an End. TU Connected Structural Condition into the Treatment Selection Process at and Highlights. Presented at the 3rd Annual UTC Conference Viales en América Latina (Evaluation of the Asset Management Fleets, Atlanta, GA. the Network Level. 99th Annual Meeting of the Transportation for the Center for Advanced Transportation Mobility, Daytona Maturity Level). 26th World Road Congress. Abu Dhabi, UAE. Hickman, J. S. (2019). Report of Safety Compliance Study by Research Board. Washington, DC. Beach, FL. Flintsch, G. W., Xue, W., Diefenderfer, B., & Bowers, B. (2019). Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Presented Klauer, S. (2019). Crash Risk Associated with Driver Distraction Mollenhauer, M., White, E., & Talledo Vilela, J. P. (2020). Rutting Performance of Cold Central-Plant Recycling (CCPR) at South Central Motorcoach Association Annual Operator and Drowsiness: The Latest Findings from Naturalistic Driving Operating ADS in Dynamic Scenarios on an Optimized Corridor. under Accelerated Pavement Testing. ASCE T&DI International Meeting, Lafayette, LA. Studies. Pennsylvania Accident Reconstruction Conferences. SAE Government and Industry Meeting. Washington, DC. Airfield & Highway Pavements Conference. Chicago, IL. Hickman, J. S. (2019). Distraction and Automated Truck Gettysburg, PA. Mollenhauer, M., White, E., & Talledo Vilela, J. P. (2020, Gabler, H. C., Daniello, A. L., Tatem, W. M., Sink, J., Harris, Research. Presented at the annual Pennsylvania Motor Truck Klauer, S. (2019). Canada Naturalistic Driving Study: virtual). Virginia Connected Corridor Smart Work Zone S., & Stitzel, J. (2020). Preliminary Investigation of Serious Association, Camp Hill, PA. Comparison of Prevalence of Secondary Tasks with U. S. Initiatives. Federal Highway Administration Talking Tim Webinar. Injuries in Motorcycle-Roadside Barrier Crashes in the USA. Hickman, J. S., Soccolich, S. A., & Hanowski, R. J. (2019). Drivers. VA Distraction Summit. Roanoke, VA. Mollenhauer, M., White, E., & Talledo Vilela, J. P. (2020). Proceedings of the 2020 IRCOBI Asia Conference, Beijing, China. Truck and Bus Driver Distraction using Naturalistic Driving Lizasoain-Arteaga, E., Castro-Fresno, D., Flintsch, G. Virginia Connected Corridor Smart Work Zone Initiatives. IACP/ Glenn, L. (2020). Pediatric Vehicular Heatstroke: Why it Crash Data. Paper presented at the annual Naturalistic Driving W. (2020). Effect of durability on fiber-reinforced asphalt NHTSA Quick Safety Clearance Workshop. Peachtree City, GA. Happens, and Prevention Efforts. SAE Government and Industry Research Symposium, Melbourne, Australia. mixtures sustainability. Pavement, Roadway, and Bridge Life Mollenhauer, M., White, E., & Talledo Vilela, J. P. (2020). Meeting, Washington, DC. Iverson, D. (October 2019). State Management in Reactive Cycle Assessment 2020. (Postponed to January 2021). American Traffic Safety Services Association Annual Grindle, D., Meng, Y., & Untaroiu, C. D. (2020). Further Applications. Fort Collins Internet Pros, Fort Collins, CO. Mabry, J. E., Hickman, J. S., Glenn, L., & Soccolich, S. (2020). Convention and Traffic Expo. New Orleans, LA. Validation of the Global Human Body Model Consortium 50th Iverson, D. (September 2019). Introducing Flutter: A New Estimating the Prevalence of Undiagnosed Sleep Apnea among Mollenhauer, M., White, E., & Talledo Vilela, J. P. (2020, Percentile Male Pelvis Finite Element Model. 16th International Way to Write Fast and Beautiful Mobile Applications. Voxxed Truck Drivers using the STOP-Bang Questionnaire. Paper to be virtual). American Association of State Highway and LS-Dyna Conference, Detroit, MI. Days Banff 2019, Banff, Alberta Canada. presented at the 11th International Conference on Managing Transportation Officials Safety Summit. Fatigue, Perth, Australia. Grove, K. (2020). ROI of In-cab Vehicle Technologies Name. Iverson, D. (September 2019). Introducing Flutter: A New Way Mollenhauer, M., White, E., & Talledo Vilela, J. P. (2019, Proceedings of the TMC Annual Meeting 2020, Atlanta, GA. to Write Fast and Beautiful Mobile Applications. Fort Collins Mabry, J. E., Hickman, J. S., Soccolich, S., Glenn, L., & virtual). Spin Research Pilot. Presented virtually at Virginia Grove, K. (2019). Commercial Vehicle Collision Mitigation Coders, Fort Collins, CO. Durmer, J. (2020). Safety Benefits of a Sleep Apnea Program Tech and at Ford Robotics and Mobility EMM/SAR. Systems. Proceedings of the SAE Truck and Bus Active Safety for Truck Drivers. Paper to be presented at the 11th International Iverson, S. (December 2019). Introduction to Encryption Conference on Managing Fatigue, Perth, Australia. Systems Committee Meeting, webinar. Concepts. Fort Collins Coders, Fort Collins, CO. 75 76 PRESENTATIONS honors, awards, & services

Musick, R. & Flintsch, G. (2020). Friction-based Safety Sarkar, A., Engstrom, J., & Hanowski, R. (September 2019). Tidwell, S. (October 2019). Safely Sharing the Road with Heavy Student Presentations, Conference Performance Functions for the West Virginia Division of A comprehensive study on the impact of cut-in events in Vehicles. Presented during the Delaware Driver’s Education Highways Roadway Network. 99th Annual Meeting of the deployment of truck platooning. Paper presented at the 5th Instructor Symposium, Camden, DE. Papers, and Proceedings Transportation Research Board. Washington, DC. International Symposium on Future Active Safety Technology includes those made in collaboration with Valente, J. T. & Perez, M. A. (October 2020). Emergency virginia tech student author(s) Pak, W., Grindle, D., & Untaroiu, C. D. (2020). The influence toward Zero Accidents (FAST-zero), Blacksburg, VA. response to vehicle collisions: Feedback from emergency of gait stance and vehicle type on pedestrian kinematics and Sarkar, A., Stowe, L., Petersen, A. (September 2019). medical service providers. Accepted for presentation at AAAM Basantis, A., Doerzaph, Z., Harwood, L., & Neurauter, L. injury risk, ASME-IDETC Conference, St. Louis, MO. Tractor Trailer BSM parameters Estimation for Smart Tractor 2020 Student Symposium, virtual. (2019) Developing a Standardized Performance Evaluation of Perez, M. A. (January 2020). Key Findings and Publications V2V deployment using Cameras. Presented during the 5th Wusk, G. C., Abercromby, A. F., & Gabler, H. C. (September Vehicles with Automated Driving Features. 5th International from the SHRP2 NDS Program. Proceedings of the Transportation International Symposium on Future Active Safety Technology 2019). Psychophysiological monitoring of aerospace crew Symposium on Future Active Safety Technology toward Research Board 99th Annual Meeting, Washington, DC. towards Zero Accident (FAST-zero), Blacksburg, VA. state. Proceedings of the 2019 ACM International Joint Zero Accidents (FAST-zero-19). Blacksburg, VA: Accepted for Presentation Only. Perez, M. A., Valente, J. T., & Sudweeks, J. M. (November Schaudt, W. A. (November 2019). How to Leverage Data Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing and 2020). Determining characteristics of speeding behavior using Analytics to Accelerate the Development of Automated Driving Proceedings of the 2019 ACM International Symposium on Novotny, A., Doerzaph, Z., & Basantis, A. (2019). Pre-Rear naturalistic driving data. Accepted for presentation at Safer Systems. Moderator, Challenge Your Peers Roundtable. TECH. Wearable Computers. End Positioning and RiskExtenuation System. 5th International Roads 2020 International Conference, Richmond, VA. AD USA, 2019. Dearborn, MI. Yates, K., & Untaroiu, C. D. (2020). Symposium on Future Active Safety Technology toward Zero Accidents (FAST-zero-19). Blacksburg, VA: Accepted for Schaudt, W. A., Desiderato, D., & Chen, D. (October 2019). Rani, A., & Camden, M.C. (October, 2019). The Real Benefits Finite element modeling of reconstructed vehicle rear seats Presentation Only. of Safety: The Science & the Art of Developing a Safety Culture Autonomy. Panel Member, Post-screening of Documentary with adult male ATDs, 16th International LS-Dyna Conference, for Your Fleet. Paper presented at the 2019 Annual Fleet Safety Feature Film, Virginia Film Festival. Charlottesville, VA. Detroit, MI. Novotny, A., Doerzaph, Z., White, E., & Mollenhauer, M. (2020) E-Scooter Design: Safety Measures for Next Generation Conference, Henderson, NV. Shrestha, S., Katicha, S., & Flintsch, G. W. (2019). Pavement Scooter. School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences (SBES) Condition Data from Traffic Speed Deflectometer for Network Riexinger, L. & Gabler, H. C. (January 2020). Development of Symposium. the NCHRP 17-43 Roadway Departure Database. Proceedings of Level Pavement Management. ASCE T&DI International Airfield the 2020 Transportation Research Board Conference. & Highway Pavements Conference. Chicago, IL. Riexinger, L. & Gabler, H. C. (January 2020). Development of the NCHRP 17-43 Roadway Departure Database. Proceedings of Soccolich, S. A., Hickman, J. S., Hanowski, R. J. (October Riexinger, L. E., Sherony, R., & Gabler, H. C. (September the 2020 Transportation Research Board Conference. 2019). A Preliminary Characterisation of Driver Evasive 2019). Comparing Random and Spurious Baselines as Control Manoeuvres in Cross-Centreline Vehicle-to-Vehicle Collisions. Events in Naturalistic Driving Studies. Paper presented at the Riexinger, L. E., Sherony, R., & Gabler, H. C. (September Proceedings of the 2019 IRCOBI Conference, Florence, Italy. Women in Data Science and Statistics Conference, Bellevue, 2019). A Preliminary Characterisation of Driver Evasive WA. Manoeuvres in Cross-Centreline Vehicle-to-Vehicle Collisions. Russell, S. M. (January 2020). Naturalistic Study of Level Proceedings of the 2019 IRCOBI Conference, Florence, Italy. 2 Driving Automation Functions. SAE Government Industry Tatem, W. M. & Gabler, H. C. (September 2019). Differential Meeting, Washington, DC. Fatality Risk Between Rear Front Seat Passenger Vehicle Russell, S. M. (January 2020). Naturalistic Study of Level Occupants in Frontal Crashes. Proceedings of the 2019 IRCOBI 2 Driving Automation Functions. SAE Government Industry Salado, F., Flintsch, G., Diefenderfer, B., & Marcobal, J. R. Conference, Florence, Italy. Meeting, Washington, DC. (2020). Laboratory Assessment of Fracture Resistance of Modified Mixtures with Synthetic Fibers. 99th Annual Meeting Tidwell, S. (September 2019). Examining the Impact of of the Transportation Research Board. Washington, DC. Imminent Collision Warning Alert Characteristics on Driver Responses Across Three V2V Safety Applications. Presented during the 5th International Symposium on Future Active Safety Technology Toward Zero Accidents (FAST-Zero), Blacksburg, VA.

77 78 PRESENTATIONS honors, awards, & services

Honors, Awards, and Service to the Profession Ron Gibbons Rich Hanowski • Illuminating Engineering Society Medal, 2020 • Associate Editor for the Journal of Road Safety, 2019-present Andy Alden Gerardo Flintsch • Developed new course: School of Architecture + Design • Guest Editor for Special Issue of Accident Analysis & • Member, Board of Advisors, Virginia Center for Unmanned • Arch T. Colwell Merit Award, Best 2019 Paper, SAE 5984: Introduction to Light and Architectural Lighting Design Prevention, 10th International Conference on Managing Systems, Virginia Center for Innovative Technology International Journal of Passenger Cars - Mechanical • Co-chair, doctoral committee, 2020 Fatigue: Managing Fatigue to Improve Safety, Wellness, and • Member, Montgomery County, VA Transportation Safety Systems • Committee Member, doctoral and masters committees, Effectiveness, 2019 Commission • Appointed Chair, PIARC Committee TC 3.3 Asset Management, 2018-2020 • Board Member, International Forum for Road Transport • Member and Unmanned Aerial Systems team leader and World Road Association • Graduate Examination Chair, 2019 Technology, 2018-present paper review coordinator, Transportation Research Board • Keynote speaker, Deighton User Conference 2019, Boston, • RLC Sign Lighting Committee, 2016-present • Young Professional Mentor with SAE at COMVEC, Shared Airspace Committee MA. • Roadway Lighting Research Committee, 2013-present 2017-present • Invited presenter, International Forum on Preservation of Gregory Beale • IES Roadway Lighting Standard Practice Committee, • SAE Editorial Manager, 2017-present Urban Roads 2019, Bogotá, Columbia • Liviu Librescu Memorial Fellowship, Virginia Tech 2001-present • Invited to serve on the Advisory Committee of the • Invited presenter, Mid-Atlantic Asphalt Expo & Conference Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics • IES Roadway Lighting Committee, 2020 Occupational Injury Prevention Research Training program, 2019, Richmond, VA. • Treasurer, International Commission on Illumination, University of Utah, 2017-present Rajaram Bhagavathula • Chair, Pavement Evaluation 2019, Roanoke, VA 2010-present • Invited by the National Safety Council to serve on the ANSI • Elected Chair, Virginia Tech Commision on Research • Co-Chair, Steering Committee, Safer Roads 2020 • Vice President, International Commission on Illumination, Subcommittee for the development of standards to address International Conference, Richmond, VA. (Postponed to Matt Camden 2019-2023 automated vehicles in fleets (Z15.3), 2017-2019 2023) • Invited to serve on the Society of Automotive Engineers • Reviewer for the 2020 NIOSH Alice B. Hamilton Award for • Co-Chair: International Symposium on Pavement. Roadway, Excellence in Communication and Guidance. (SAE) COMVEC Executive Council, 2016-present and Bridge Life Cycle Assessment 2020, Davis, CA • Member of the Transportation Research Board, Committee • Member of the Transportation Safety Division, National (Postponed to 2021) Safety Council (2019-present) on Trucking Industry Research, AT060, 2013-present • Co-organizer, Smart and Multifunctional Pavements • Friend of the Transportation Research Board, Truck & Bus • Member of the Young Professionals Division, National Safety Workshop, 99th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Council (2019-present) Safety Committee, 2003-present Research Board, Washington, DC. • Member, Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, • Undergraduate Student Mentor, National Safety Council • External co-advisor for three international Ph.D. students (2019-present) 1992-present • Member of the Winter Maintenance Committee, Clay Gabler • Member, Society of Automotive Engineers, 2003-present Transportation Research Board (2018-present) • Galileo Galilei Visiting Professor, University of Florence • SAE Safety & Human Factors Driver Vehicle Interface Taskforce 4, 2012-present Cristian Druta • SAE Heavy Truck Driver Distraction Taskforce, 2012-present • Member, Board of Directors, Intelligent Transportation • Member, ITS America, 1994-present Society of America • Member, Association for Behavior Analysis International, Cristian Druta 2011-present) • Member, Transportation Research Board AKR50 Road • Co-organized the 11th International Conference on Managing Weather Committee (2020-2023) Fatigue, March, 2020 (postponed due to COVID-19) Lisa Eichelberger • 25 Years of Service at Virginia Tech

79 80 PRESENTATIONS honors, awards, & services

Charlie Klauer Hesham Rakha Travis Terry • Invited speaker, New Jersey Accident Reconstruction • Associate Editor, 22nd IEEE International Conference on • Ph.D. graduate Seminar, Atlantic City, NJ Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference, October 27 Tammy Trimble - 30, 2019, Auckland, New Zealand Andrew Krum • 2020 John C. Vance Award, NCHRP Web-Only Document 253: • Associate Editor, 2019 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium • Co-organizer, Trucking Automation: Deployment Challenges Implications of Connected and Automated Driving Systems, (IV) (IV2019), June 9-12, Paris, France (breakout session), Automated Vehicles Symposium, Vol. 1: Legal Landscape, Transporation Research Board (TRB) • Associate Editor, IEEE Transactions on ITS Orlando FL. 99th Annual Meeting, Washington, DC. • Academic Editor, Journal of Advanced Transportation • Study Group Secretary of the Year, S.4 Cab and Controls • 2020 John C. Vance Award, NCHRP Web-Only Document 253: • Editor, Sensors Study Group Technology Maintenance Council, American Implications of Connected and Automated Driving Systems, • Editorial Board, IET Intelligent Transport Systems Trucking Associations Vol. 3: Legal Modification Prioritization and Harmonization • Editorial Board, Journal of Intelligent Transportation • Co-presenter (October 2020), NYCT Bus Mirror Configuration, Analysis. Transportation Research Board (TRB) 99th Annual Systems: Technology, Planning, and Operations FTA Transit Standards Working Group Committee, Tampa, FL Meeting, Washington, DC. • Editorial Board, Transportation Letters: The International • Co-presenter (January 2020), Mitigating Public Transit • Co-chair, Virginia Tech Women’s Alliance Research Faculty/ Journal of Transportation Research Areas of Critical Safety Risk, Transit Safety Workshop, Non-Tenure Track • IEEE Fellow Transportation Research Board 2020 Annual Meeting, • Faculty Subcommittee, 2020-2021 academic year • Member, ITS America Benefits, Evaluation and Cost Washington, DC • VTTI representative, New River Valley Regional Commission Committee Transportation Andrew Miller • Member, Transportation Research Board Committee on Air • Technical Advisory Committee • Chair, Truck and Bus Data Subcommittee, TRB ANB70 Truck Quality and Sub-Committee on Traffic Modeling • Board Member and Chair, Lyric Council and Bus Safety • Member, Civil and Environmental Engineering Honorarium • Poster Coordinator, Automated Vehicle Symposium 2019 • Committee member, TRB ANB70 Truck and Bus Safety and P&T Committees • Became an IEEE Fellow. Martin Walker • User Information Systems (AND20) 2019 Best Paper Award, • Steering Committee Member, Virginia’s Leadership in 99th Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting, Autonomous Systems Technology Summit Washington DC, January 12-16, 2020 • Member, Transportation Technology Committee of the Northern Virginia Transportation Authority Andy Schaudt • Invited Speaker, Autonomous Vehicle and Automated Driving Innovation Award, ICAT Creativity and Innovation Day, Virginia System Conference and Expo Tech, 2019 • Invited Speaker, Society of Automotive Engineers Received a Dual Appointment as Program Director for the Government Industry Meeting Center for Automated Vehicle Systems at VTTI and an Assistant Professor of Practice in the Department of Management in the Pamplin College of Business • Appointed to the Editorial Board for the Journal of Safety Research • Appointed to the Technology Taskforce for the Department of Management at Virginia Tech • Volunteer Reviewer, Office of Undergraduate Research at Virginia Tech, November 2019

81 82 PUBLICATIONS

83 84 PUBLICATIONS

FY20 PUBLICATIONS includes technical reports and journal articles Bareiss, M. & Gabler, H. C. (2020). Estimating Bhagavathula, R., Gibbons, R., & Nussbaum, Near Side Crash Injury Risk in Best Performing M. (2020). Does the Interaction between Abdelghaffar, H. M., Elouni, M., Bichiou, Almannaa, M. H., Elhenawy, M., & Rakha, Passenger Vehicles in the United States. Vehicle Headlamps and Roadway Lighting Y., & Rakha, H. A. (2020). Development of a H. A. (2020). Dynamic linear models to Accident Analysis and Prevention, 138, Affect Visibility? A Study of Pedestrian and Connected Vehicle Dynamic Freeway Sliding predict bike availability in a bike sharing DOI:/10.1016/j.aap.2020.105434. Object Contrast (No. 2020-01-0569). SAE Mode Variable Speed Controller. IEEE Access. system. International journal of sustainable Bareiss, M., Scanlon, J. M., Sherony, R., Technical Paper. Alois, J., Bellamkonda, S., Campolettano, E. transportation, 14(3), 232-242. & Gabler, H. C. (2019). Crash and Injury Bhagavathula, R., Gibbons, R. B., Williams, T., Gellner, R. A., Genemaras, A., Beckwith, Anderson, G. T., & Kosloff, S. (2019). Attachment Prevention Estimates for Intersection Driver B., & Connell, C. (2020). Bicycle Visibility: J. G., . . . Crisco, J. J. (2019). Do American and post-traumatic stress in victims of Assistance Systems in Left Turn Across Path Conspicuity of Bicycle Headlamps, Tail Youth Football Players Intentionally Use interpersonal trauma: The mediating role of / Opposite Direction Crashes in the United Lamps, and Retroreflective Garments in Their Heads for High-Magnitude Impacts? emotion-focused coping. Journal of Social States. Traffic Injury Prevention, 20(1), Nighttime Roadway Environments. Am J Sports Med, 47(14), 3498-3504. and Personal Relationships, 37(2), 1-9. https:// S133-S138. doi:10.1177/0363546519882034 doi.org/10.1177/0265407519876989 Bhagavathula, R., Williams, B., Owens, J., Basantis, A., Doerzaph, Z., Harwood, & Gibbons, R. B. (2020). Virtual Reality as a Ahn, K., Park, S., & Rakha, H. A. (2020). Impact Antin, J. F., Wotring, B., Perez, M. A., & L., & Neurauter, L. (2019). Developing a Tool to Evaluate Pedestrian Safety. National of Intersection Control on Battery Electric Glaser, D. (2020). Investigating lane change Standardized Performance Evaluation of Transportation Safety for Excellence. Vehicle Energy Consumption. Energies, behaviors and difficulties for senior drivers Vehicles with Automated Driving Features. 13(12), 3190. using naturalistic driving data. Journal of Bichiou, Y., Elouni, M., Abdelghaffar, H. M., SAE International Journal of Connected and & Rakha, H. A. (2020). Sliding Mode Network Ahn, K., Rakha, H. A., & Park, S. (2020). Eco Look- Safety Research. Automated Vehicles, 2(3), 1–16. doi: 10.4271/12- Perimeter Control. IEEE Transactions on Ahead Control of Battery Electric Vehicles Antin, J . F., Lee, S., Perez, M. A., Dingus, 02-03-0011. Intelligent Transportation Systems. and Roadway Grade Effects. Transportation T. A., Hankey, J. M., & Brach, A. (2019). Basantis, A., Doerzaph, Z., Harwood, Research Record, 0361198120935445. Second strategic highway research program Blanco, M., Chaka, M., Gabler, C., Stowe, L., Neurauter, L. (2019) Developing a L., Hardy, W., McNeil, J., Fitchett, V., & Lee, AlHadidi, T., & Rakha, H. A. (2019). Modeling naturalistic driving study methods. Safety Standardized Performance Evaluation of E. (2019). Assessment, evaluation, and bus passenger boarding/alighting times: Science, 119, 2-10. Vehicles with Automated Driving Features. approaches to technical translations of A stochastic approach. Transportation Atwood, J. R., Guo, F., & Blanco, M. (2019). FAST-Zero, Blacksburg, VA. September 9-11, FMVSS and test procedures that may impact Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, 2, Evaluate driver response to active warning 2019. compliance of innovative new vehicle designs 100027. system in level-2 automated vehicles. Basantis, A., Harwood, L., Doerzaph, Z., associated with automated driving systems. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 128, 132-138. Aljamal, M. A., Abdelghaffar, H. M., & Rakha, & Neurauter, L. (2019). Standardized 26th Enhanced Safety of Vehicles Conference. H. A. (2020)Estimation of Traffic Stream Baker, S., Klauer, C., Baynes, P., & Dingus, Performance Evaluation of Vehicles with Eindhoven, Netherlands: National Highway Density Using Connected Vehicle Data: T. (2020). Parent Perceptions of Real-Time Automated Capabilities. USDOT Safety Traffic Safety Administration. Linear and Nonlinear Filtering Approaches. Non-Video Feedback from the Driver Coach Through Disruption National University Blanco, M., Chaka, M., Stowe, L., Gabler, H. Sensors, 20(15), 4066 Study. National Surface Transportation Transportation Center. C., Weinstein, K., Gibbons, R. B., Neurauter, Safety Center for Excellence, Blacksburg, VA. Aljamal, M. A., Abdelghaffar, H. M., & Bhagavathula, R., & Gibbons, R. B. (2020). L., McNeil, J., Fitzgerald, K. E., Tatem, W., & Rakha, H. A. (2020). Real-time Estimation of Balint, A., Flannagan, C., Leslie, A., Klauer, Light levels for parking facilities based on Fitchett, V. L. (2020). FMVSS considerations Vehicle Counts on Signalized Intersection S., Guo, F., & Dozza, M. (2020). Multitasking empirical evaluation of visual performance for vehicles with automated driving systems: Approaches Using Probe Vehicle Data. IEEE additional to driving: Prevalene, structure, and user perceptions. Leukos, 16(2), 115-136. Volume 1 (Report No. DOT HS 812 796). National Transactions on Intelligent Transportation and associated risk in the SHRP2 naturalistic Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Systems. driving data. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 137.

85 86 PUBLICATIONS

Bland, M. L., McNally, C., Zuby, D. S., Mueller, Burks, S. V., Anderson, J. E., Panda, P., Haider, Camden, M. C., Hickman, J. S., Soccolich, Camden, M.C., Tidwell, S., Golusky, M., B. C., & Rowson, S. (2020). Development of H. S., Haider, B. A. R., Shi, D., Li, Y., Cagle, M., S. A., & Hanowski, R. J. (2019). Reducing Hammond, R., Soccolich, S.A., Hickman, the STAR evaluation system for assessing Ostroushko, D., Sun, Z., Zaharick, J., Hickman, risky driving: Assessing the impacts of an J.S., and Hanowski, R.J. (2020). Sharing bicycle helmet protective performance. J. S., Mabry, J. E., Berger, M., Czeisler, C., automatically-assigned, targeted web- the road with heavy vehicles: Hands-on Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 48(1), 47- & Kales, S. N. (in press). The Pre-Registry based instruction program. Journal of Safety demonstrations with teen drivers. Final 57. Commercial Drivers Medical Exam: Screening Research, 70, 105-115. Report for the National Safety Council, Road Bongioanni, V. I., Katicha, S. W., & Flintsch, Sensitivity and Certification Lengths for Camden, M. C., Hickman, J. S., Tidwell, S., to Zero Safe System Innovation Award, NSC- G. W. (2019). Removing Outliers from 3D Two Safety-related Medical Conditions. Soccolich, S. A., Hammond, R., and Hanowski, 26448. Macrotexture Data by Controlling False Journal of Occupational and Environmental R. J. (2020) Defensive driving for snowplow Medicine. Campolettano, E. T., Gellner, R. A., Smith, Discovery Rate. Journal of Transportation operations- Task 10: Final Report. E. P., Bellamkonda, S., Tierney, C. T., Crisco, Engineering, Part B: Pavements, 145(3), Calle-Laguna, A. J., Du, J., & Rakha, H. A. Camden, M. C., Medina-Flintsch, A., J. J., . . . Rowson, S. (2020). Development 04019016. (2019). Computing optimum traffic signal Hickman, J. S., & Hanowski, R. J. (2020). Large of a Concussion Risk Function for a Youth Brett, B. L., Breedlove, K., McAllister, T. cycle length considering vehicle delay and Truck Technology Return-on-Investment Population Using Head Linear and Rotational W., Broglio, S. P., McCrea, M. A., Hoy, A. fuel consumption. Transportation Research Calculator: User Guide and Instruction Acceleration. Annals of Biomedical M., . . . Susmarski, A. (2020). Investigating Interdisciplinary Perspectives, 3, 100021. Manual. Report#20-UI-081. Blacksburg, VA: Engineering, 48(1), 92-103. doi:10.1007/ the Range of Symptom Endorsement at Camden, M.C. (2019, September 19). The National Surface Transportation Safety s10439-019-02382-2 Initiation of a Graduated Return-to-Play Improving safety culture to reduce large Center for Excellence. Campolettano, E. T., Gellner, R. A., Sproule, Protocol After Concussion and Duration truck crashes. Heavy Duty Trucking. Camden, M. C., Soccolich, S. A., Hickman, D. W., Begonia, M. T., & Rowson, S. of the Protocol: A Study From the National Camden, M. 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Accounting for variance in concussion Driver during head impact in youth athletes using an & Manser, M. P. (2019, November). Pantuso, A., Flintsch, G. W., Katicha, S. W., tolerance between individuals: comparing Training for Automated Vehicle Technology– anatomically accurate finite element model. J & Loprencipe, G. (2019). Development of head accelerations between concussed and Neurotrauma, 36(10), 1561-1570 Knowledge, Behaviors, and Perceived Network-Level Pavement Deterioration physically matched control subjects. Annals Familiarity. In Proceedings of the Human Mohan, S., Rakha, H., & Klenk, M. (2019). Curves using the Linear Empirical Bayes of Biomedical Engineering, 47(10), 2048- Acceptable Planning: Influencing Individual Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Approach. International Journal of Pavement 2056. Behavior to Reduce Transportation Energy Meeting (Vol. 63, No. 1, pp. 2110-2114). Sage Engineering, 1-14. Expenditure of a City. Journal of Artificial CA: Los Angeles, CA: SAGE Publications. Intelligence Research, 66, 555-587.

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Russell, S. M. & Grove, K. (2020). HF change to eliminate two-a-day preseason Trimble, T. E., Baker, S., Russell, S., Tidwell, Wu, S., Zhao, W., Rowson, B., Rowson, S., & Ji, Considerations when Testing and Evaluating practices: a study from the NCAA-DoD S. (In Press). Consumer Driving Automation S. (2019). A network-based response feature ACIVS. In Fisher, D., Horrey, W.J., Lee, J.D., CARE Consortium. Annals of Biomedical Systems Education: A Learning and Retention matrix as a brain injury metric. Biomechanics & Regan, M.A. (Eds.), Handbook of Human Engineering, 47(10), 2073-2085 Assessment. Blacksburg, VA: National and Modeling in Mechanobiology, 1-16. Factors for Automated, Connected, and Stemper, B. D., Shah, A. S., Mihalik, J. P., Surface Transportation Safety Center for Xue, W., Flintsch, G. W., & Diefenderfer, B. Intelligent Vehicles. CRC Press. ISBN 978-1- Harezlak, J., Rowson, S., Duma, S., . . . Giza, C. Excellence. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle. K. (2020). Measuring Pavement Permanent 138-03502-7. C. (2020). Head Impact Exposure in College net/10919/99302 Deformation in Accelerated Pavement Schaudt, W. A., Russell, S., & Owens, J. M. Football following a Reduction in Preseason Vélez Rodríguez, K. X., Katicha, S. W., & Testing. Transportation Research Record, (2019). The Role of Human Factors in the Practices. Med Sci Sports Exerc. Flintsch, G. W. (2019). Enhanced Methodology 0361198120915471. Design of Automated Vehicle External Sykes, K., Basantis, A., Dingus, T., Murray- for the Identification of locations with high Communication. In G. Meyer & S. Beiker Tuite, P., Neurauter, M. L., & Doerzaph, risk of wet crashes. Transportation research (Eds.), Road Vehicle Automation 6. Springer record, 2673(11), 29-37. Yang, H., Almutairi, F., & Rakha, H. (2020). Z. (2020). Human Factors Evaluation of Eco-Driving at Signalized Intersections: A International Publishing AG. ISBN 978-3-030- an In-Vehicle Active Traffic and Demand Wang, J., Elbery, A., & Rakha, H. A. (2019). 22932-0, DOI 978-3-030-22933-7_4. Multiple Signal Optimization Approach. IEEE Management (ATDM) System. Transportation A Real-Time Vehicle-Specific Eco-Routing Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Schömig, N.; Wiedemann, K.; Hergeth, Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Model for On-Board Navigation Applications Systems. S.; Forster, Y.; Muttart, J.; Eriksson, A.; Behaviour, 71, 119-144. Capturing Transient Vehicle Behavior. Mitropoulos Rundus, D.; Grove, K.; Krems, J.; Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Yang, H., & Rakha, H. (2019). A Novel Approach Terry, T., Fitchett, V., & Gibbons, R. (2020). for Estimation of Dynamic from Static Keinath, A.; Neukum, A.; Naujoks, F. Checklist Evaluation of Traffic Behavior in Response to Technologies, 104, 1-21. for Expert Evaluation of HMIs of Automated Origin–Destination Matrices. Transportation Alternative Police Lighting. Accident Analysis Wang, J., Ghanem, A., Rakha, H., & Du, J. Letters, 11(4), 219-228. Vehicles—Discussions on Its Value and and Prevention, 144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. (2020). A Rail Transit Simulation System Adaptions of the Method within an Expert aap.2020.105662 for Multi-Modal Energy-Efficient Routing Yang, L., Furukawa, T., Zuo, L., Parker, R., & Workshop. Information 2020, 11, 233. Doerzaph, Z. (2019). Level-of-Confidence Terry, T., Trimble, T. E., Blanco, M., Fitzgerald, Applications. International Journal of Simons-Morton, B. G., Gershon, P., O’Brien, Sustainable Transportation, 1-16. Driven Automatic Emergency Stop to a Safe K. E., Fitchett, V. L., and Chaka, M. (2019). Roadside. 5th International Symposium on F., Gensler, G., Klauer, S. G., Ehsani, J. P.,... & An Examination of Emergency Response Wang, J., & Rakha, H. (2020). Empirical Study Dingus, T. A. (2020). Crash Rates over Time Future Active Safety Technology toward Zero Scenarios for ADS. Farmington Hills, MI: of Effect of Dynamic Travel Time Information Accidents (FAST-zero-19). Blacksburg, VA. Among Younger and Older Drivers in the Crash Avoidance Metrics Partners LLC. on Driver Route Choice Behavior. Sensors, SHRP 2 Naturalistic Driving Study. Journal of 20(11), 3257. Zhou, F., Hu, S., Xue, W., & Flintsch, G. W Safety Research, 73, 245-251. Thompson Orfield, N. J., Badger, A. E., Tegge, (2019). Optimizing the Lateral Wandering A. N., Davoodi, M., Perez, M. A., & Apel, P. J. Williams, B. & Gibbons, R. (2020). The Simons-Morton, B. G., Gershon, P., Gensler, of Automated Vehicles to Improve Roadway (2020). Modeled WALANT Does Not Impair Assessment of Alternative Overhead Sign Safety and Pavement Life, SAFE-D: Safety G., Klauer, S., Ehsani, J., Zhu, C., ... & Driving Fitness: An Experimental On-Road Lighting. (No. 20-UR-091). National Surface Dingus, T. (2019). Kinematic Risky Driving Through Disruption National University Noninferiority Study. The Journal of Bone & Transportation Safety Center for Excellence. Transportation Center. Behavior Among Younger and Older Drivers: Joint Surgery. Differences over Time by Age Group and Sex. Wotring, B., Dingus, T., Atwood, J., Guo, F., Zhou, Z., Li, X., Kleiven, S., & Hardy, W. N. Traffic Injury Prevention, 20(7), 708-712. Tidwell, S., Soccolich, S., & Hanowski, R. (In McClafferty, J., & Buchanan‐King, M. (2020). (2020). Brain Strain from Motion of Sparse Press). Evaluation of Heavy Vehicle Collision The Prevalence of Cognitive Disengagement Stemper, B. D., Shah, A. S., Harezlak, J., Markers (No. 2019-22-0001). SAE Technical Warning Interfaces – Follow-on Testing in Automobile Crashes. Applied Cognitive Paper.Preprint ArXiv:2001.00560. Rowson, S., Duma, S., Mihalik, J. P., . . . Giza, (Report #: TBD). Washington, D.C.: National Psychology, 34(2), 543-550. C. C. (2019). Repetitive head impact exposure Highway Traffic Safety Administration. in college football following an NCAA rule

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STUDENT PUBLICATIONS Liang, D., Lau, N., Baker, S., and Antin, J. F. (2020). Examining Senior Drivers’ Attitudes Towards Advanced Driver denotes publications on which virginia tech student(s) served as an author Assistance Systems After Naturalistic Exposure. Innovation in Aging, 4(3), 1-12. Almannaa, M. H., Chen, H., Rakha, H. A., Loulizi, A., & El-Shawarby, I. (2019) Field Implementation and Testing of an Automated Eco-Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control Noble, A. M., Klauer, S. G., Doerzaph, Z. R., & Manser, M. P. System in the Vicinity of Signalized Intersections. Transportation Research Part D: Transport (2019, November). and Environment, 67, 244-262 Driver Training for Automated Vehicle Technology–Knowledge, Behaviors, and Perceived Familiarity. In Proceedings of the Atwood, J. R., Guo, F., & Blanco, M. (2019). Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting Evaluate Driver Response to Active Warning System in Level-2 Automated Vehicles. Accident (Vol. 63, No. 1, pp. 2110-2114). Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA: SAGE Analysis & Prevention, 128, 132-138. Publications. Basantis, A., Doerzaph, Z., Harwood, L., & Neurauter, L. (2019). Riexinger, L. E., Sherony, R., and Gabler, H. C. (2019). Developing a Standardized Performance Evaluation of Vehicles with Automated Driving Residual Road Departure Crashes after Full Deployment Features. SAE International Journal of Connected and Automated Vehicles, 2(12-02-03-0011), of LDW and LDP Systems, Traffic Injury Prevention, 20(1), 157-172. S177-S181. Basantis, A., Doerzaph, Z., Harwood, L., Neurauter, L. (2019). Rossi-Alvarez, A., Greatbatch, R., Doerzaph, Z., Basantis, A., Developing a Standardized Performance Evaluation of Vehicles with Automated Driving Grambo, P., Bloomquist, E., . . . Riexinger, L. (2019). Features. FAST-Zero, Blacksburg, VA. September 9-11, 2019. U. S. P. P. Application: 62/828,267. Basantis, A., Harwood, L., Doerzaph, Z., & Neurauter, L. (2019). Sykes, K., Basantis, A., Dingus, T., Murray-Tuite, P., Neurauter, Standardized Performance Evaluation of Vehicles with Automated Capabilities. USDOT M. L., & Doerzaph, Z. (2020). Safety Through Disruption National University Transportation Center. Human Factors Evaluation of an In-Vehicle Active Traffic and Demand Management (ATDM) System. Transportation Camden, M.C., Soccolich, S.A., Hickman, J.S., Rossi-Alvarez, A., and Hanowski, R.J. (in press). Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 71, 119-144. Commercial Motor Vehicle Crash Risk by Time of Day. Blacksburg, VA: The National Surface Transportation Safety Center for Excellence. Terry, T., Fitchett, V., & Gibbons, R. (2020) Evaluation of Traffic Behavior in Response to Alternative Police Chen, H., Rakha, H., El-Shawarby, I., Jeihani, M., Chavis, C., Kang, K., Ahangari. S. and Lighting. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 144. https://doi. Moghaddam, Z. R. (2019). org/10.1016/j.aap.2020.105662 Eco-Speed Control for Hybrid Electric Buses in the Vicinity of Signalized Intersections. Sponsored by: U.S. Department of Transportation, University Transportation Centers Program. Terry, T., Trimble, T. E., Blanco, M., Fitzgerald, K. E., Fitchett, V. L., and Chaka, M. (2019). Li, Y., Bhagavathula, R., Terry, T., Gibbons, R. B., and Medina, A. (2020). An Examination of Emergency Response Scenarios for ADS. Safety Benefits and Best Practices for Intersection Lighting. (Report No. FHWA/VTRC 20- Farmington Hills, MI: Crash Avoidance Metrics Partners LLC. R31). Blacksburg, VA: Virginia Tech Transportation Institute. Thompson Orfield, N. J., Badger, A. E., Tegge, A. N., Davoodi, Liang, D., Antin, J., Lau, N., Stulce, K., Baker, S., and Wotring, B. (2019). M., Perez, M. A., & Apel, P. J. (2020). Examining Senior Drivers Adaptation to Mixed Level Automated Vehicles: A Naturalistic Modeled WALANT Does Not Impair Driving Fitness: An Study. Safe-D National UTC, Blacksburg, VA. https://www.vtti.vt.edu/utc/safe-d/wp-content/ Experimental On-Road Noninferiority Study. The Journal of uploads/2019/10/Project_03-040%20FinalResearchReport_Final.pdf Bone & Joint Surgery. 99 100 Cyril Clarke Hunter Pittman office of the provost architecture + design Dwayne Pinkney Mehrzad Boroujerdi office of the senior vice public and international affairs president for operations and administration Tom Dingus virginia tech transportation Ken Miller institute office of the vice president for finance Pascha Gerni virginia tech transportation Don Taylor institute office of the vice president for research and innovation Jon Hankey virginia tech transportation Julia Ross institute college of engineering Jennifer Wayne SPECIAL GUESTS biomedical engineering and mechanics Mark Widdowson Tim Hodge civil and environmental office of Budget and financial engineering planning Azim Eskandarian Ken Smith VTTI mechanical engineering office of the provost Luke Lester Ken Miller electrical and computer office of the vice president for engineering finance Randy Heflin STAKEHOLDERS Eileen Van Aken College of science industrial and systems engineering Robert Sumichrast pamplin college of business Rajesh Bagchi marketing Sally Morton science Ron Fricker science David Higdon statistics Robert Schubert college of architecture and urban studies

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