Whose Input Counts and Which Paradigm
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China's Propaganda in the United States During World War II
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 248 514 CS 208 471 AUTHOR Tsang, Kuo-jen - TITLE China's Propaganda in the United States during World War II. PUB DATE Aug 84 NOTE 44p.; Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication (67th, Gainesville, FL, August 5-8, . , 1984). PUB TYPE Reports - Research/Technical (143) -- Speeches /Conference Papers (150) \N, EDRS PRICE MF01/PCO2 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Content Analysis; Cultural Images; Foreign`Countries; information Sources; *Media Research; News Reporting; *Propaganda; *Public Opinion; War; World History IDENTIFIERS *China; *World War II ABSTRACT Drawing data from a variety of sources, a study was undertaken to place China's propaganda activities in the United States during World War II into a historical perspective. Results showed that China's propaganda effortsconsisted of official and unofficial activities and activities directed toward overseas Chinese. The official activities were carried out by the Chinese News Service and its branch offices in various American cities under the direction of the Ministry of Information's International Department in Chungking. The unofficial activities Were carried out by both Chinese and Americans, including missionaries, business people, and newspaper reporters, and the activities ditected toward the overseas Chinese in the United States were undertaken for the purpose of collecting money and arousing patriotism. The propaganda program fell four phases, the first beginning with the outbreak of the Sino-Japanese War in 1937 and directed at exposing Japanese atrocities. The second phase began with the withdrawal of the Chinese central government to inner China in late 1937, continued until the beginning of the European war in 1939, and concentrated on economic and political interests. -
The Changing Status of Women in Taiwan: 1945-2010
The Changing Status of Women in Taiwan: 1945-2010 by Mei-Lien Lu A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Auburn University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Auburn, Alabama May 7, 2012 Key words: women, status, Taiwan, culture, development, democratization Copyright 2012 by Mei-Lien Lu Approved by Cal Clark, Chair, Alumni Professor of Political Science, Director of the MPA Program Cynthia J. Bowling, Associate Professor of Political Science and Ph.D. Program Director Linda F. Dennard, Professor of Political Science at Auburn University-Montgomery Murray Jardine, Jane Dickerson Lanier Professor of Political Science Abstract This dissertation analyzes the economic, social, and political status of women in Taiwan from 1945 to 2010. This research was guided by a theoretical model of how the status of women worldwide is influenced by the extent of patriarchal culture, the level of economic development, and the degree of democratization. Hypotheses drawn from the theoretical model were tested by using data collected from 174 developing and developed nations. Overall, the statistical analysis found that patriarchal culture, economic development, and democratization exert fairly strong influences over some dimensions of women’s status but have little association with others. This implies that the nature of women’s status is complex and complicated because each nation has its own circumstances that are shaped by its historical background, traditional culture, geographic location, and so on. Therefore case studies of individual countries should provide valuable insights into the dynamics of women’s changing status in the contemporary world. This dissertation presents such a case study that analyzes the status of Taiwanese women in terms of social conditions, human and social capital, economic activities, and political participation and power. -
Entire Dissertation Noviachen Aug2021.Pages
Documentary as Alternative Practice: Situating Contemporary Female Filmmakers in Sinophone Cinemas by Novia Shih-Shan Chen M.F.A., Ohio University, 2008 B.F.A., National Taiwan University, 2003 Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Gender, Sexuality, and Women’s Studies Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences © Novia Shih-Shan Chen 2021 SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY SUMMER 2021 Copyright in this work rests with the author. Please ensure that any reproduction or re-use is done in accordance with the relevant national copyright legislation. Declaration of Committee Name: Novia Shih-Shan Chen Degree: Doctor of Philosophy Thesis title: Documentary as Alternative Practice: Situating Contemporary Female Filmmakers in Sinophone Cinemas Committee: Chair: Jen Marchbank Professor, Department of Gender, Sexuality and Women’s Studies Helen Hok-Sze Leung Supervisor Professor, Department of Gender, Sexuality and Women’s Studies Zoë Druick Committee Member Professor, School of Communication Lara Campbell Committee Member Professor, Department of Gender, Sexuality and Women’s Studies Christine Kim Examiner Associate Professor, Department of English The University of British Columbia Gina Marchetti External Examiner Professor, Department of Comparative Literature The University of Hong Kong ii Abstract Women’s documentary filmmaking in Sinophone cinemas has been marginalized in the film industry and understudied in film studies scholarship. The convergence of neoliberalism, institutionalization of pan-Chinese documentary films and the historical marginalization of women’s filmmaking in Taiwan, Hong Kong, and the People’s Republic of China (PRC), respectively, have further perpetuated the marginalization of documentary films by local female filmmakers. -
Congressional Record United States Th of America PROCEEDINGS and DEBATES of the 106 CONGRESS, SECOND SESSION
E PL UR UM IB N U U S Congressional Record United States th of America PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE 106 CONGRESS, SECOND SESSION Vol. 146 WASHINGTON, TUESDAY, MARCH 28, 2000 No. 36 House of Representatives The House met at 12:30 p.m. and was the majority and minority leaders for ing about buying 250,000 tons of surplus called to order by the Speaker pro tem- morning hour debates. The Chair will sugar to pump up the domestic price, pore (Mrs. BIGGERT). alternate recognition between the par- but then what will officials do with all f ties, with each party limited to not to the sugar? Enough to fill two-thirds of exceed 30 minutes, and each Member, the Empire State Building. One idea is DESIGNATION OF SPEAKER PRO except the majority leader, the minor- to donate it overseas; although, no TEMPORE ity leader, or the minority whip, lim- country has indicated they are willing The SPEAKER pro tempore laid be- ited to not to exceed 5 minutes. to even take it. fore the House the following commu- The Chair recognizes the gentleman This is just the beginning, as the ar- nication from the Speaker: from Florida (Mr. MILLER) for 5 min- ticle goes on to say. We are talking WASHINGTON, DC, utes. about $550 million worth of sugar that March 28, 2000. f our agriculture department is going to I hereby appoint the Honorable JUDY have to buy this year, and it has no FAILING U.S. SUGAR PROGRAM BIGGERT to act as Speaker pro tempore on place to even give it away. -
The Foreign Office and Policy-Making in China 1945-1950
THE FOREIGN OFFICE AND POLICY-MAKING IN CHINA 1945-1950. ANGLO-AMERICAN RELATIONS AND THE RECOGNITION OF COMMUNIST CHINA. ROBERT EMMERSON WATSON ~- Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of Ph.D. THE UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL STUDIES MAY 1996 The candidate confirms that the work submitted is his own and that appropriate credit has been given where reference has been made to the work of others. 11 ABSTRACT. The thesis contributes to the broad body of literature which examines the role of Great Britain in the origins of the Cold War. In particular it focuses on the Foreign Office attitude towards the course of the Chinese Civil War, and ultimately the establishment of a Communist government in China between 1945 and 1950. It is a revisionist interpretation of cold war history drawn from a study of Anglo-American relations with regard to Chinese politics during this period. Traditional interpretations have emphasised the unchallenged nature of American involvement in China after the war. The thesis argues that during this period Britain actively sought to compete for such a predominant position, and specifically that the Foreign Office sought to replace the United States with Britain as the pre eminent Western influence in post-war Chinese politics. To this end, Britain gradually moved its policy from one of co operation with the United States to one of competition. Whilst originally seeking collaboration with Washington, the Foreign Office became increasingly frustrated with the problems within the American policy making machinery, and ultimately pursued a unilateral position in China. This was most evident after 1948 when the rapid collapse of the Kuomintang position forced Western states to closely consider their relationship with the Chinese communists. -
Part II Chapter 1 How China Became a Communist Country
Page 64 Part II Chapter 1 How China Became a Communist Country s we have seen the containment doctrine worked well in western Europe. Indeed, after 1945, the Soviet Union did not take over any country where it did not already have troops. Soviet attempts Ato detach Berlin from the West, to infiltrate into Greece, to capture control of Italy and France through communist party victories at the polls, all failed. The Marshall Plan put Europe back on its feet economically; the Truman Doctrine gave Greece and Turkey the help they needed to resist Soviet advances; the airlift saved Berlin; and NATO provided a guarantee of American military aid if needed. Americans had good reasons to be proud of their successes in this vitally important area of the globe. Unfortunately, success among the relatively established industrialized states of Europe could not be duplicated in the shifting, agricultural societies of Asia. Here, and most particularly in China, Americans were confronted with a far more complex situation than in Europe -and it is to this part of the globe that our attention now must turn. Forty Years of Revolution in China There is an old saying known to people who knew Chinese history and culture that no revolution could succeed there without the support of its scholars and its peasants. Unfortunately, most Americans who evaluated policy decisions about China knew little about either its history or its culture. Chinese civilization has a recorded history of some 4,000 years. These can be divided into a series of dynasties or empires, one following another as internal collapse was triggered by strong pressure from the outside. -
Walter H. Judd: Spokesman for China
WALTER H. JUDD: SPOKESMAN FOR CHINA IN THE UNITED STATES HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES By FLOYD RUSSEL GOODNO l' Bachelor of Science Phillips University Enid, Oklapoma 19,52 Master of Arts Oklahoma State University Stillwater, Oklahoma 1962 Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate College of the Oklahoma State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF EDUCATION May, 1970 \' \Cl"):.) C I~.):}' ~J. I / I .,,l · l/ / ...._ .,...., ' ~,,_ WALTER H. JUDD: SPOl<ESMAN FOR CHINA''"' / IN THE UNITED STATES HOUSE OP "', ./ REPRESENTATIVES Thesis Approved: Dean of the Graduate College ii PREFACE Dr. Walter Henry Judd won the Republican nomination for the Fifth Congressional District in the Minnesota primaries of 1942. Winning the general election in November, he con tinued to occupy a seat in the United States House of Representatives for twenty years. In the House he soon emerged as the most vocal spokesman in Congress for Chiang Kai-shek and the importance of Asia in emerging world 9 £.:_, fairs. American foreign policy, particularly in Asia, served as the overriding interest of Judd's Congressional career. In 1947 Judd obtained a seat on the Foreign Affairs Committee and at the time of his defeat in 1962 he was the senior Re publican member of the ~ar East and the Pacific Subcommittee. Judd occupied a much more significant role in directing attention to East Asia and its many problems than any other single individual in Congress. Prior to entering politics in 1942, Judd had served as a Congregationalist medical missionary to China for ten years. -
Margaret Mead and Postwar Taiwanese Feminism
Wichita State University Libraries SOAR: Shocker Open Access Repository Doris T. Chang Center for Women’s Studies Reading Sex and Temperament in Taiwan: Margaret Mead and Postwar Taiwanese Feminism Doris T. Chang _________________________________________________________________ Recommended citation Chang, Doris T. 2009. Reading Sex and Temperament in Taiwan: Margaret Mead and Postwar Taiwanese Feminism. NWSA Journal, Vol. 21 No. 1 (Spring): pp. 51-75 This paper is posted in Shocker Open Access Repository http://soar.wichita.edu/dspace/handle/10057/2046 Reading Sex and Temperament in Taiwan: Margaret Mead and Postwar Taiwanese Feminism DORIS T. CHANG This essay examines the ways in which Margaret Mead’s research find- ings in New Guinea were transmitted to a Chinese-speaking audience through Yang Mei-hui’s annotated Chinese summary of part 4 of Mead’s Sex and Temperament in Three Primitive Societies (1935). In so doing, Yang served as a cultural intermediary who transmitted Mead’s concept of cultural relativism on gender-role formation to her Chinese-speaking audience. Yang’s annotated summary (1973) serves as a case study of the ways in which a cultural intermediary’s injections of her personal commentaries within a specific cross-cultural context can facilitate her audience’s understanding of the arguments made in the original English text. In this essay, I undertake a textual comparison of Yang’s Chinese annotated summary with Mead’s original English text for the purpose of evaluating Yang’s effectiveness in conveying Mead’s main arguments. In the 1970s and thereafter, Taiwanese feminists applied Mead’s con- cept of cultural relativism of socially constructed gender to subvert the rigid gender roles in Taiwanese society. -
Thanks to You
THANKS TO YOU . Facing History and Ourselves Annual Report 2011 Facing History and Ourselves is an international educational and profes- sional development organization whose mission is to engage students of diverse backgrounds in an examination of racism, prejudice, and antisemitism in order to promote the development of a more humane and informed citizenry. By studying the historical development of the Holocaust and other examples of genocide, students make the essential connection between history and the moral choices they confront in their own lives. and courageous programming . At a time when more and more of our population is ignorant about history, and when the media challenge the distinc- tion between truth and fiction–indeed, the very existence of truth–it is clear you must continue to be the standard.” As we face the challenge of bringing effective civic education to schools, with studies documenting the decline of student engagement, tolerance, civic skills, knowledge of history and of the Holocaust, we must strengthen our efforts to preserve civil society. Over the next five years, Facing History plans to double the number of Facing History teachers imple- A MESSAGE FROM EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR menting in classrooms worldwide and the number MARGOT STERN STROM of students reached in those classrooms, enabling transformative dialogue and action around the world. “After a week at Facing History I We see the demand and are poised to meet it. came home feeling profoundly en- This year, Facing History received a transformational couraged about the potential for a investment from a visionary donor. Richard and Su- san Smith, and the Richard and Susan Smith Family restitution of meaning and purpose Foundation, have committed $15.5 million to fund in my own teaching, and consider- a full revision of Facing History and Ourselves: Ho- locaust and Human Behavior, and endow the Smith ably more hopeful for the possibili- Family Provost at Facing History. -
International Decision-Making in the Age of Genocide: Srebrenica 1993-1995
International Decision-Making in the Age of Genocide: Srebrenica 1993-1995 Rapporteur Report The Hague June 29-July 1, 2015 International Decision-Making in the Age of Genocide: Srebrenica 1993-1995 Conference in The Hague, June 29 – July 1, 2015 Executive Summary Leading decision-makers from more than a dozen countries gathered in The Hague from June 29 to July 1, 2015, to consider the failure of the international community to protect the United Nations “safe area” of Srebrenica, resulting in the largest massacre in Europe since World War II. Participants included three former members of the UN Security Council, senior government and UN officials, peacekeepers, and eyewitnesses to the Srebrenica tragedy. Over the course of four working sessions, a public event, and numerous informal meetings, conference participants focused on a disastrous two-year chain of events that culminated in the fall of Srebrenica in July 1995. They examined the origins of the “safe area” policy, beginning with the March 1993 visit to Srebrenica by French General Philippe Morillon, and disagreements on how to implement frequently impractical Security Council resolutions. The discussion revealed sharp disconnects between the policy-makers in New York, the peacekeepers on the ground, and the people the “safe areas” were ostensibly designed to keep safe. “I saw this conference as a kind of truth commission,” said Srebrenica survivor Muhamed Duraković. “Twenty years on, we cannot bring back the dead, but we can learn from what went wrong in Srebrenica. If we are not able to go through the process of fact-finding, truth, and reconciliation, we may be creating problems for future generations.” At the heart of the international failure in Srebrenica in July 1995 was the inability of the major powers to devise and implement an agreed strategy for ending the defining conflict of the immediate post-Cold War era. -
Vicki C. Jackson*
Knowledge Institutions in Constitutional Democracies: Preliminary Reflections Vicki C. Jackson* This paper argues that “knowledge institutions” should be recognized as an essential component of constitutional democracy. They include government statistical offices and university departments; a free press; libraries and museums. Many of these institutions exist in both private and public forms. Their commonality lies in their having as a central purpose the development or dissemination of knowledge of the world and in their being committed to the application of disciplinary standards in * Vicki C Jackson, Laurence H. Tribe Professor of Constitutional Law, Harvard Law School. The author gives thanks for helpful conversations and comments on this subject to Martha Minow, Bob Taylor, Oren Tamir, Erin Delaney, Daphna Renan, John Manning, Dick Fallon, Dan Tarullo, Yochai Benkler, Ron Daniels, Gillian Lester, Vince Rougeau, Ron Krotoczynski, Richard Delgado, Meredith Render, Heather Elliot, Paul Horwitz, William S. Brewbaker, Adam Steinman, Grace Lee, Judy Areen, Mark Alexander, Wendy Perdue, Darby Dickerson, Mila Versteeg, Mark Tushnet, Richard Albert, Rosalind Dixon, Matthew Stephenson, Ernest Young, Joseph Blocher, Neil Siegel, Arti Rai, Steven Jackson, Noah Feldman, John Goldberg, Joseph Singer, Laurence Tribe, Christopher Havasy, David Wilkins, Jonathan Zittrain, Tarun Khaitan, and other colleagues and friends. The author is also grateful for the opportunity to present this work as it was in process in the Harvard Public Law Workshop, the University of Alabama Law School Faculty Workshop, the IFFC Modern Challenges in Constitutionalism Workshop, and the Harvard Faculty Workshop. Finally, thanks are owed for valuable research assistance to Oren Tamir, Joao Victor Archegas, Samuel Stratton, Alisha Jarwala, Lauren O’Brien, Sam Weinstock, Morgan Sandhu, and Colleen O’Gorman. -
Czech the News 2015
CZECH the NEWSNEWS Newsletter of the Embassy of the Czech Republic 25 Years of Freedom US Capitol Unveils Havel’s Bust Special Edition | February 2015 and Democracy n November 17, 1989, Othe Velvet Revolution began with a peaceful student march and led to a remarkable transformation from communism to the re- establishment of democracy. The courageous dissident, prisoner of conscience, and talented playwright Václav Havel became the tenth and last President of Czechoslovakia and later the first President of the Czech Republic. Twenty- five years later, Washington celebrated to honor President Havel’s inspirational legacy, commemorating the significant anniversary dear to both Czech and American hearts. Photo courtesy of Miroslav Mrákota Photo courtesy of Miroslav Former First Lady of the Czech Republic, Dagmar Havlová, Speaker Jan Hamáček, Prime Minister Bohuslav Sobotka, US House Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi, US Congressman Ed Royce (R-CA) Contents: applaud the unveiling of Havel’s bust at the US Capitol. Ambassador’s Message............... 2 chiseled bust of Presi- Adent Václav Havel now Czech Delegation Visits DC.......... 2 sits in the United States Capi- Czech Philharmonic Attracts tol, the home as well as ultimate Thousands ............................... 3 symbol of democracy in Amer- ica and abroad. His likeness Gala Dinner Honors Havel’s Global Impact..................3 serves as a constant reminder of his lifetime commitment Lion and Eagle Symposium......... 4 to the advocacy of universal human rights and democratic NGOs Discuss Human Rights Initiatives................................. 4 principles, even in the darkest hours, and offers inspiration Conference Addresses for others to follow in his Photo courtesy of Aleš Petruška Photo courtesy of Havel’s Political Importance footsteps.