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Download This Issue (5.1MB) journal The Journal of The Foundation for Science and Technology fstVolume 22 Number 3 July 2018 www.foundation.org.uk Editorial Professor Ed Hill: The place of research institutes in science and innovation UKRI leaves the starting blocks Sir Mark Walport: A strategy for UK Research and Innovation Sir Alan Wilson: Research and innovation within an ecosystem Kirsten Bound: Fruits of bold experimentation Jonathan Neale: Building on our strengths Building regulations and safety Dame Judith Hackitt: A radical overhaul is required Graham Watts: Working together to achieve a common goal Peter Baker: Building a safer future Dr Peter Bonfield: Providing practical help and advice The future of farming Professor Ian Boyd: Re-imagining our farming system Minette Batters: A vision for agriculture Helen Browning: Taking an organic and integrated approach to farming Distributed ledger technology Chris Corrado: The impact of distributed ledger technology Shirine Khoury-Haq: A potential for transformational change Dr Mike Short: The ability to identify and track billions of devices Keith Bear: Blockchain in the real world COUNCIL AND TRUSTEES COUNCIL CHIEF EXECUTIVE Chair Dr Dougal Goodman OBE FREng The Earl of Selborne* GBE FRS Deputy Chairs Professor Polina Bayvel CBE FRS FREng The Baroness O’Neill of Bengarve* CH CBE FBA FRS FMedSci Sir John Beddington CMG FRS FRSE HonFREng Dr Mike Lynch* OBE FRS FREng DL Sir Drummond Bone FRSE Professor Sir Leszek Borysiewicz FRS FRCP FMedSci FLSW President, The Royal Society The Lord Broers FRS FREng HonFMedSci Sir Venki Ramakrishnan PRS FMedSci Donald Brydon* CBE President, Royal Academy of Engineering Sir Geoffrey Chipperfield KCB Professor Dame Ann Dowling OM DBE FRS FREng Sir Anthony Cleaver HonFREng President, British Academy Sir Gordon Duff FRCP FRCPE FMedSci FRSE Sir David Cannadine PBA Dr Paul Golby CBE FREng President, The Academy of Medical Sciences The Lord Haskel* Professor Sir Robert Lechler PMedSci Professor The Lord Hennessy of Nympsfield FBA President, The Royal Society of Edinburgh Dr Julian Huppert Dame Anne Glover DBE CBE FRSE FRS Professor Sir David King ScD FRS HonFREng President, The Learned Society of Wales The Lord Krebs Kt FRS FMedSci Hon DSc Sir Emyr Jones Parry GCMG FInstP PLSW The Rt Hon Norman Lamb MP Chair, EngineeringUK Professor The Lord Mair CBE FRS FREng Malcolm Brinded CBE FREng Sir Robert Margetts CBE FREng President, Science Council Stephen Metcalfe MP Professor Sir Keith Burnett CBE FRS Jonathan Neale Executive Chair, Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, UKRI The Rt Hon the Baroness Neville-Jones DCMG Professor Philip Nelson CBE FREng Sir Paul Nurse FRS FMedSci HonFREng Executive Chair, Economic and Social Research Council, UKRI Chi Onwurah* MP Professor Jennifer Rubin The Lord Oxburgh KBE FRS HonFREng Executive Chair, Research England, UKRI The Lord Rees of Ludlow OM Kt FRS David Sweeney Dr Peter Ringrose Executive Chair, Arts and Humanities Research Council, UKRI The Baroness Sharp of Guildford Professor Andrew Thompson Professor Sir Adrian Smith FRS Executive Chair, Science and Technology Facilities Council, UKRI Phil Smith Professor Mark Thomson Dr Graham Spittle CBE Executive Chair, Medical Research Council, UKRI Professor Sir Michael Sterling FREng Professor Fiona Watt FRS FMedSci The Lord Trees Executive Chair, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, The Baroness Wilcox UKRI The Rt Hon the Lord Willetts HonFRS Professor Melanie Welham Sir Peter Williams CBE FRS FREng Executive Chair, Natural Environment Research Council, UKRI The Lord Willis of Knaresborough Professor Duncan Wingham Interim Executive Chair, Innovate UK, UKRI Honorary Treasurer Dr Ian Campbell John Neilson* Chair, Steering Board, UK Space Agency Honorary Secretary Professor David Southwood Patrick McHugh* *Trustee Board Member The Foundation for Science and Technology FST Journal was redesigned in 2015 by IOP Publishing’s 10 Carlton House Terrace Design Studio, under the art direction of Andrew Giaquinto. London SW1Y 5AH IOP Publishing provides publications through which leading-edge scientific research is distributed worldwide and is central to the Tel: 020 7321 2220 Institute of Physics, a not-for-profit society. Email: [email protected] FST Journal publishes summaries of all the talks given at its meetings. Full audio recordings are available on the website Editor Dr Dougal Goodman OBE FREng Production Editor Simon Napper Neither the Foundation nor the Editor is responsible for the opinions Layout Simon Clarke of the contributors to FST Journal. Sub-editor Judy McBride © 2018 The Foundation for Science and Technology ISSN 1475-1704 Charity Number: 00274727 Company Number: 01327814 CONTENTS journal fstVolume 22 Number 3 July 2018 THE COUNCIL AND TRUSTEES OF THE FOUNDATION Inside front cover UPDATE Prime Minister sets out AI vision for healthcare transformation • New GCSA Vallance takes up his post • 2 Pilot plant sucks carbon from the air • Reclassifying cancers could aid treatment EDITORIAL The place of research institutes in science and innovation Professor Ed Hill 3 UKRI LEAVES THE STARTING BLOCKS A strategy for UK Research and Innovation Sir Mark Walport 6 Research and innovation within an ecosystem Sir Alan Wilson 9 Fruits of bold experimentation Kirsten Bound 11 Building on our strengths Jonathan Neale 11 BUILDING REGULATIONS AND SAFETY A radical overhaul is required Dame Judith Hackitt 13 Working together to achieve a common goal Graham Watts 15 Building a safer future Peter Baker 17 Providing practical help and advice Dr Peter Bonfield 19 The Hackitt review’s final report 21 THE FUTURE OF FARMING Re-imagining our farming system Professor Ian Boyd 22 A vision for agriculture Minette Batters 24 Taking an organic and integrated approach to farming Helen Browning 25 DISTRIBUTED LEDGER TECHNOLOGY The impact of distributed ledger technology Chris Corrado 28 A potential for transformational change Shirine Khoury-Haq 30 The ability to identify and track billions of devices Dr Mike Short 32 Blockchain in the real world Keith Bear 34 EVENTS Foundation events held since 27 April 2016 35 fst journal www.foundation.org.uk July 2018, Volume 22(3) 1 UPDATE Prime Minister sets out AI vision for healthcare transformation In a speech at Jodrell Bank on 21 May, dementia by 2030. Late diagnosis of oth- cer of at least 50,000 more people a year. on the subject of science and modern erwise treatable illnesses is one of the big- “Achieving this mission will not only industrial strategy, Prime Minister Theresa gest causes of avoidable deaths. save thousands of lives” she added. “It May set out her vision of how Artificial “And the development of smart tech- will incubate a whole new industry Intelligence (AI) could help transform the nologies to analyse great quantities of data around AI-in-healthcare, creating high- treatment of disease by 2030. quickly, and with a higher degree of accu- skilled science jobs across the country, ‘AI and Data’ is one of the four Grand racy than is possible by human beings, drawing on existing centres of excellence Challenges in the Government’s Indus- opens up a whole new field of medical in places like Edinburgh, Oxford and trial Strategy. The Prime Minister told research and gives us a new weapon in Leeds – and helping to grow new ones.” the audience that “the United Kingdom our armoury in the fight against disease.” Mrs May said that specific ambitions will use data, artificial intelligence and She set out her ambition that, in in a range of other disease areas will be innovation to transform the prevention, regard to cancer, “within 15 years we will announced over the coming weeks and early diagnosis and treatment of diseases be able to diagnose at a much earlier stage months. like cancer, diabetes, heart disease and the lung, bowel, prostate or ovarian can- bit.ly/mayspeech New GCSA Vallance Pilot plant sucks carbon from the air takes up his post Analysis of the performance of a pilot ing was set up in 2009 with funding plant suggests that carbon dioxide can from Microsoft’s Bill Gates and Cana- be removed from the atmosphere at da oil sands financier Norman Murray a cost of around $100 per tonne. That Edwards. Their pilot plant has been represents a significant advance on the running since 2015, capturing about one current price. tonne of CO2 per day. The process works The peer-reviewed report, in Joule, by sucking air into a modified cooling describes a process for capturing CO2 tower with fans, where it comes into con- from the atmosphere in an industrial tact with a liquid that reacts with the CO2. plant. The design captures ~1 Mt-CO2/ After further processing, a purer stream year in a continuous process. of CO2 is extracted and the capturing liq- GsK It notes that the capture of CO2 from uid is returned to the process. The Government’s new Chief Scientific ambient air was commercialised in the A previous study carried out by the Adviser (GCSA) took up his post on 4 1950s as a pre-treatment for cryogenic American Physical Society in 2011 sug- April. Dr Patrick Vallance succeeds Sir air separation. In the 1990s, Klaus Lack- gested that the cost per tonne of direct Mark Walport who is now the Chief ner explored the large-scale capture of air capture would be around $600. But Executive of UK Research and Innova- carbon dioxide as a tool for managing Carbon Engineering say that by adapting tion (UKRI). The role of the GCSA is climate risk, now commonly referred to existing technologies they have been able to advise the Prime Minister and gov- as direct air capture (DAC). to slash this significantly. ernment on all matters related to science Canadian firm Carbon Engineer- bit.ly/carbonDAC and technology and to ensure that pol- icies and decisions are informed by the Reclassifying cancers could aid treatment best scientific evidence and strategic long-term thinking.
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