Casa De Oswaldo Cruz – FIOCRUZ Programa De Pós-Graduação Em História Das Ciências E Da Saúde

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Casa De Oswaldo Cruz – FIOCRUZ Programa De Pós-Graduação Em História Das Ciências E Da Saúde Casa de Oswaldo Cruz – FIOCRUZ Programa de Pós-Graduação em História das Ciências e da Saúde MIRIAM ELVIRA JUNGHANS “ORDENAR O MUNDO E SONDAR A NATUREZA”: O PROJETO HUMBOLDTIANO DE FRIEDRICH SELLOW (1789-1831) Rio de Janeiro 2017 MIRIAM ELVIRA JUNGHANS “ORDENAR O MUNDO E SONDAR A NATUREZA”: O PROJETO HUMBOLDTIANO DE FRIEDRICH SELLOW (1789-1831) Tese de doutorado apresentada ao Curso de Pós-Graduação em História das Ciências e da Saúde da Casa de Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, como requisito parcial para obtenção do Grau de Doutor. Área de Concentração: História das Ciências. Orientadora: Profa. Dra. Lorelai Brilhante Kury. Rio de Janeiro 2017 MIRIAM ELVIRA JUNGHANS “ORDENAR O MUNDO E SONDAR A NATUREZA”: O PROJETO HUMBOLDTIANO DE FRIEDRICH SELLOW (1789-1831) Tese de doutorado apresentada ao Curso de Pós-Graduação em História das Ciências e da Saúde da Casa de Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, como requisito parcial para obtenção do Grau de Doutor. Área de Concentração: História das Ciências. BANCA EXAMINADORA ___________________________________________________________________ Profa. Dra. Lorelai Brilhante Kury (Programa de Pós-Graduação em História das Ciências e da Saúde/Casa de Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz) – Orientadora ______________________________________________________________ Profa. Dra. Magali Romero Sá (Programa de Pós-Graduação em História das Ciências e da Saúde/Casa de Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz) ___________________________________________________________________ Profa. Dra. Alda Lúcia Heizer (Escola Nacional de Botânica Tropical/Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro) Prof. Dr. Nelson Sanjad (Programa de Pós-Graduação em História/Universidade Federal do Pará) Prof. Dr. Luiz Barros Montez (Departamento de Letras Anglo-germânicas/Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro) Suplentes: ___________________________________________________________________ Prof. Dra. Kaori Kodama (Programa de Pós-Graduação em História das Ciências e da Saúde da Casa de Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz) ___________________________________________________________________ Profa. Dra.Heloisa Meireles Gesteira (Museu de Astronomia e Ciências Afins/MCTIC) Rio de Janeiro 2017 Ficha Catalográfica J95o Junghans, Miriam Elvira. “Ordenar o mundo e sondar a natureza” : o projeto Humboldtiano de Friedrich Sellow (1789-1831). – Rio de Janeiro : s.n., 2017. [200] f. Tese (Doutorado em História das Ciências e da Saúde) – Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Casa de Oswaldo Cruz, 2017. Bibliografia: [153-175] f. 1. História Natural. 2. Expedições. 3. História do Século XIX. 4. Brasil. CDD 508 Catalogação na fonte - Marise Terra Lachini – CRB6-351 À minha mãe, que partiu e a Eckart, que chegou AGRADECIMENTOS Só viajar é viver. Jean Paul (apud Weech, 1831) Resumo A tese examina, no âmbito da história social das ciências, a carreira científica do viajante naturalista prussiano Friedrich Sellow (1789-1831), que percorreu parte do território brasileiro e a então província Cisplatina entre 1814 e 1831. Um dos muitos naturalistas e coletores que passaram a explorar o Brasil nas décadas iniciais do século XIX, Sellow é dos menos estudados pela historiografia. As razões para isso estão estreitamente ligadas a sua trajetória de vida, ao fato de não ter publicado e ao destino que tiveram seus documentos e coleções, em sua maior parte sob a guarda de instituições estrangeiras. Recuperando parte dessa documentação e associando-a ao material existente no Brasil, a tese entende o trabalho realizado por Sellow como um projeto humboldtiano, que se desenvolveu paulatinamente ao longo da sua formação na Europa e de suas viagens. Como a viagem de Alexander von Humboldt à América, a vinda de Sellow ao Brasil foi um empreendimento independente, financiado posteriormente pelos governos brasileiro e prussiano. Como outros viajantes da época, Sellow coletou materiais de botânica, zoologia e mineralogia e manteve um diário de campo, com informações minuciosas sobre inúmeras variáveis do mundo natural. A grande ênfase nos estudos de geognosia, no entanto, o aproxima, uma vez mais, dos trabalhos desenvolvidos por Humboldt. Outra vertente de seus trabalhos foram os desenhos, particularmente de paisagens e tipos humanos, estes, em especial, notáveis expressões de sensibilidade. Ao planejar seus itinerários pelo Brasil, Sellow pretendia percorrer o subcontinente sul-americano num corte transversal, do Uruguai aos Andes, que se conectaria aos trabalhos feitos por Humboldt nas regiões equinociais do Novo Mundo. A tese dá ênfase à formação do naturalista, durante a qual estabeleceu importante rede de contatos, e examina viagens que fez, materiais que coletou e desenhos que elaborou, acompanhando a consolidação desse projeto humboldtiano. Palavras-chave: história natural; viajantes naturalistas; Friedrich Sellow; Prússia; Brasil; século XIX. Abstract The thesis explores, within the social history of science, the scientific career of the Prussian naturalist traveler Friedrich Sellow (1789-1831), who traveled part of the Brazilian territory and the then Cisplatina province between 1814 and 1831. One of the many naturalists and collectors exploring Brazil during the early decades of the nineteenth century, Sellow is one of the least studied by historiography. The reasons for this are closely related to his life trajectory, the fact that he did not publish, and the destination of his documents and collections, for the most part under the custody of foreign institutions. By recovering a share of this documentation and correlating it with the existing material in Brazil, the thesis refers to Sellow’s work as a Humboldtian project gradually developed during his education in Europe and his travels. Similar to Alexander von Humboldt’s trip to America, Sellow’s coming to Brazil was an independent venture, later financed by the Brazilian and Prussian governments. Akin to other travelers at the time, Sellow collected materials on botany, zoology, and mineralogy and wrote a field diary with detailed information on countless variables of the natural world. The emphasis in geognosy studies, however, once again brings him closer to Humboldt. Another dimension of his work was the drawings, particularly of landscapes and human types, the latter particularly remarkable for their expressions of sensitivity. When planning his itineraries across Brazil, Sellow intended to traverse the South American subcontinent in a cross-section, from Uruguay to the Andes, which would then connect his travels to the equinoctial regions of the New World travelled by Humbold. The thesis underlines his training as a naturalist, during which he established an important network of contacts, and examines his travels, the materials he collected, and his drawings as he pursued the consolidation of a Humboldtian project. Keywords: natural history; naturalistic travelers; Friedrich Sellow; Prussia; Brazil; XIX century. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG LISTA DE ILUSTRAÇÕES Imagem 1: O duque de Reichstadt como pequeno jardineiro. Carl von Sales, pintura a óleo, 1815. Imagem 2: Casa dos jardineiros em Sanssouci; aquarela de Hermann Schnee, 1871. LISTA DE SIGLAS/Arquivos consultados AN/Mapa – Arquivo Nacional/Memória da Administração Pública Brasileira, Rio de Janeiro APM – Arquivo Público Mineiro, Belo Horizonte BHL – Biodiversity Heritage Library BN – Biblioteca Nacional, Rio de Janeiro DLA – Deutsches Literatur Archiv, Marbach EBU – Unitäts-Archiv der Evangelischen Brüder-Unität, Herrnhut EM – Ethnologisches Museum, Berlim-Dahlem FRDA – French Revolution Digital Archive, Stanford University Libraries/Bibliothèque Nationale de France GStA – Geheimes Staatsarchiv Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Berlim MfN – Museum für Naturkunde, Berlim MfN/HA – Historische Arbeitsstelle, Museum für Naturkunde, Berlim MN – Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro MN/Herbário-R – Herbário do Museu Nacional (Departamento de Botânica)/UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro MN/Semear – Seção de Memória e Arquivo do Museu Nacional/UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro SUMÁRIO Introdução ................................................................................................página Capítulo 1 – Formação inicial 1.1 Prússia: Berlim e Potsdam 1.2 Jardineiros da corte 1.3 Pietismo, educação e história natural 1.4 De Potsdam a Berlim Capítulo 2 – Um Grand Tour científico 2.1 Viagens e história natural 2.2 Berlim 2.3 Paris 2.4 Londres Capítulo 3 – Uma “viagem ao Brasil” 3.1 Rio de Janeiro, 1814 3.2 Espírito Santo e Bahia, 1815-1817 3.3 Minas Gerais e São Paulo, 1818-1820 3.4 Dez anos en route, 1821-1831 Considerações finais Referências Anexos Introdução Quando o território brasileiro foi aberto aos estrangeiros, em 1808, grande número de viajantes com interesses em história natural acorreu ao país. Alguns prestavam algum tipo de serviço para o governo, como o major Feldner ou Wilhelm von Eschwege. Outros participavam de comissões de exploração patrocinadas pelos seus governos, como Spix e Martius ou Natterer. Outros ainda detinham cargos diplomáticos, como Langsdorff ou Olfers. Embora não tenha sido o único, o prussiano Friedrich Sellow (1789-1831) foi um dos poucos que vieram ao Brasil no início do século XIX por iniciativa própria, com o objetivo de fazer explorações naturalísticas. O fato de não estar ligado diretamente a nenhum projeto oficial, de não ter publicado os resultados das suas pesquisas, e o destino que tiveram seus documentos após sua morte, que ficaram fora do alcance dos pesquisadores durante muitos anos, fez dele um dos naturalistas menos estudados pela historiografia. No início do século XIX, na Europa, era possível para um jovem, que dispusesse de alguns conhecimentos
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