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Apríi 1981 a PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT OF A PRETIMIT{ARY ASSESSMÐüT OF MANTTOBAIS OUTDOOR AECAEAT]OIüAL Nffi By J. DavÍd Etcheverry A Thesis Subnitted Tn Partial l\rlfi]-lment of the Requirement for the Degree, Masber of Arts Geography Department Faculty of Graduate Studies The University of Manitoba ApríI 1981 A PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT OF I'IANITOBA'S OUTDOOR RECREATIONAL NEEDS BY J, David Etcheverry A tlrcsis subntittecl to thc I:aculty of Graduatc Stuclies of' the Univcrsity of'Manitoba in partial fulfillment of the requirements of thc cle gree of MASTER OF ARTS @r l98l Pcrnrission has beeu grantecl to the LIBRARY OF THE UNIVER- SITY OF MANITOBA to lend or sell copies of this thesis, to thc NA'IIONAL LIBRARY OF CANADA to ¡nicrofilm this thesis and to lend or se ll copies of the film, and UNIVERSITY MICIìOl'rlLMS to publish an abstract of this thesis. The ar¡thor reserves other pLrblication rights, and neither the tircsis nor extensive cÍtracts fronl it may be printed or other- wisc re ¡rroduced withoLr t the author's written pernrission. C¡# rdt4.[.é!-.&]åÅ %% {/rr + ri yiÉÊ ,i;+; ASSfBACT The major purpose of this thesis is to define areas of tneedt i¡r the prrcvSnce of lÞnitoba wÍth regard to outdoor reereational facilities and to project the rsupplyr and. rdemandr for outdoor recreational facil- ities i¡:to the futr¡re. I Needt is defi¡ed as the difference between the amount of a resource or facility demanded and the amount supplied. To determ:i:re the cr.:nent tneedr for outdoor recreational- facilities it is necessary to determi¡e the curent tsupplyr and the cument tdemandr for those faciU-ties. This study presents an i-nventory of facilities for varj-ous out- door recreational activities. This study also presents currer¡t tdemandt information j¡ the form of parùicipation rates and the frequency of participation as determi¡red through a telephone sut:vey of appr.oximately 21000 Manitobar¡s. Through various participation rate factors ar¡d facility standards, the participatíon inforrnati-on is transformed ínto the r¡ol-ume of resources demar¡ded. which is then compared to the volune of resources supplied thus revealing a deficit or a surplus of facili- tíes. The surplus or deficit (rneedt) is ttren projected to the years 1990 and 2O3O. Thi-s study also attempts to measure latent demand via the üelephone sur:vey but because of a poor response rate the attempt was unsuccessful. Facility adequateness is al-so examined thror:gh the sur:vey along with campsite pref€r€oc€o Many irregularities appear i¡ the fir¡al rneedt figr,:res which j¡:dicate problems with the pazticipation rate factors and facility standards. Even with the indicated data limitations and pr"oject limi- tations, ar¡ order of priority of tneedt can be determi¡red. With a]'l factors consi-dered, the activities of camping, golfing, and dom¡hilI skiing indicate the greatest deficits with regard to the facilities ranking first, second and thi.rd respectively on the priority list. These same activities rank fourth, eleventh, and first respectively on a priority 15-st based on leveJ-s of registered i¡radequateness of facilities. The study recommends that, (a) furt¡er work be carried out in the area of participation rates and star¡dards, (U) ttre precise nature of the facility Ínadeqr:acies be determined, and (c) emphasis be placed on the facilities whi-ch i¡rdicate the highest amount of deficít and the highest amor:nt of facility inadequateness. aL ACKNOWTÐGEII4ENTS 4, Prelimi¡raqr Assessment of Mar¡i-tobars Recreati-onal Needs has been the result of a vast number of i¡dividuals responsible for supplylng ínforrnatÍon for the purposes of doing an inventory of the outdoor recrea- tional facilities in the province. f w'ish to aclmov¡ledge the Research and Planning staff of the Department of Natural Resources, Parks Branch who gave rm¡ch direction to the project. A special thanks goes to Messrs. R. Iüilson ar¡d D. Wang of the Parks Branch who contributed rmrch of their valuable time. I r+ish to gratefully aclmowledge ltlr. P. Spevaek of the Deparbment of Economic Development and Tourism who provided mrch of the exper,ùise j¡ the development of the computer program used to analyse the results of the questionnaire. A special thanks also goes to lÉrs. J. Creamer who t¡rped the mqjority of the tables and the fj¡al copy and to Miss P. Misko who t¡ped the draft version of this thesis. f would like to thank the respondents of the questionnaire espec- ial1y those who gave added jnformation j¡¡ the forrn of commer¡ts. Srrgges- tions were passed along by Dr. J. Romanowski of the University of Manitoba. Finally, I wish to aclarowledge the assj-stance and. encouragement of my nife, Enily, who had to endure many hours of preoccupation with the writing of this thesis and aIL that it i¡volved. l-l-l- TABI,E OF COI\MtrITTS ABSTRAGT . t . o o oaaaaaaaaaaaaa l_ AclçNOI{LEDcEMmÍTs . o . iii 0HAPTEa 1 rlitrllRoDucrroN . o . ! . 1 1. hrrpose. .... ... ... o . 1 2. Scope................ .. o 2 3. Sources and Methods of Collectj¡g Data . 2 l+. Limitati-ons . ., . 3 5. Backgror:nd trrformation . 3 6. Plan of Preserrtati-on . 4 0HAPTEa, 2 REOREATTON RESEAROH AI{D PI,AIüNING . 5 1. Forces Ï¡¡volved i¡r the Growbh of Recreational Activity . 6 A. TeclrnologicalForces ¡ o... .. 6 B. Institutional Forces o ¡ . 7 C. Socio-economicForces ....... 7 2. RecreationDemand ........... 16 A. DefÍning Recreation Demand r . 17 B. Factors Affecting Demand . o o . 19 C. Obher0onsiderations.. e.... 2I ). RecreatÍon Supply . o . 22 A. Defining Recreation Supply . 2l+ B. Problems i¡ Determining Supply . 24 C. Tþes of Recreational Supply . 25 D. Distribution of the Supply . 26 l+. RgcrgationNegd ... o. o.. o.... 26 OHAPTEa'3 I'{EEHODOI0GY .. o....'. r........... " 2? 1. Scope of the Analysis . o . 27 - A. hovjncialAnalysis ....... 27 B. Rural-Urban Analysis . 27 C. RegionalAnalysis ..... r.. 28 2. Deterrni¡i¡g Recreation Demand . l+2 A. Parbicipatíon vs. Demand. t+2 B. The Su::rrey . o . A2 C. The Progran (Spss) . o . l+5 D. CalculatÍon for DeterminÍng Demand . l+7 3. Determini¡g Recreation Supply . o . F3 A. Listing the l:ventory . 53 B. Source of Supply l¡lformati-on . 55 1V C. Updating the l¡oventogr o . 57 D. CalcuJ-ations for DetermÍng Supply . 59 h. DeterminjngRecreationNeed.. .. .. 59 cHAPrm 4 DATAATIALYSIS .... o ... ......... ... 60 1. Surrey Sampling Results . 6o 2. Analysís of Demand (parU:-cipation) . o 6t 3. Analysis of Supply (trrventory). o . 6t h. AnalysisofNeed .......... o.. 6t ResourcgsNeeded. r. .. .. 6t 5. Projection Analysis . 80 NeedPrrcjections. ... .. .. 80 6. Analysis of Latesrt Demand . o . o . o 84 7. Analysis of Additional Outdoor Activities . 84 8. .Analysis of Facility Adequat€frsss ¡ ¡ . 89 A. Levels of Inadequateness . o . 89 B. Facility Adequateness Per Activity . 89 9. Analysis of Campsite Preference . 9Iþ A. ProvjncialÁnalysis ..... o.. 9l+ B. Rural-Urban Analysis . 96 C. RegionalAnalysis .. o...... 96 CHAPTER 5 L]MITATTONS OF TITE FROJECT ATID TTM DATA . 97 1. DataLimitations ...... o..... 97 A. tDemandf Ðatalimitations .... 97' B. rSupplyt Datalimitations ..... 1:O3 C. rNeedr Data Limitations . 105 2. hoject Limitations . o . 105 A. Insr:fficient Data o . 106 B. Pa::bicipation Rate Factors . 106 C. Forrm¡J-aÞ 'PrormrlgatÍng Factors . 106 D. The Surtrey Design . ].:O7 E. Participatj-on vs. Demand . 3-:O7 F. DefinÍng lNeedr. o . 108 G. Levels of hadequateness . lOB CHAPIffi6 EVALUATIONOFTIIEFINATRESULTS ....... O ' O ' 109 cHAPTm 7 CONCLUSIONS AlüD RECoMMEI\IDATIONS . o o ]-12 1. Conclusions ¡ o . o . o . 1J2 2. Recorunendations . 116 LISTOFREFERENCES ...... o..... o........ o. I2O APPMüDIK A. MANITOBA OTNDOOR NECREATIOIüAI PAHITCTPATTON QUESTIONNAIRE . o . I23 APPENDI( B. MANTTOBA TEI,EPHONE E(CHANGES ............J-.27 APPE[\fD]]T C. RURAT MUNTCTPAI,TTTF:S A}TD IOCAT, COÏ'mNMENT DTSIB,TSTS . 136 APPEND]]T D. RI'RAL MI'NTC]PATTTT AIID IOCA], GOVERNMtr\IT I{APS........ .. ... .. ... .J.l+3 v APPENDff E. NATURAI REGIOI{S . o . U6 APPÐIDÐ( F. AI{AI,TSIS 0F DÐ{AND . o . ! . l5l APPEVDII G. AI{.AITSIS OF SIIPPLY . 188 APPENDü H. AI{ALTSIS OF NESÐ . 327 APPÐ{DI( f. PROJECTION A¡üAIIST.S . o 3l+9 APPtr{Dll J. ADESUAgy OF OIJTDOOR nECREATIONAL FACILÏ:ITFS . o . 355 BIBLIOGAAPIÍÏ . .'''' t 367 1':L LTST OF ÎABLES Tab1e 1. Total Personal Þcpenditures on Recreation, Sporting and Qartp+g Equipnent, and Recreational seruices in constant (rgZf)DoLLars . o . o . r . 9 2. Populati-onof Car¡ada ......... o... o...... IL J. Canadian Per Person Expenditure on Recreation, Sporting and Camping Fquipment, and Recreational Se:¡rices j:r Constar¡t (JtgZl) Doilars .. o.... o o........ 12 h. Simple Regression Data Per Figure 2 . o . o o t3 5. Partícipation Rate Factors by Actiuity . o I+9 6. RegionalSr:rrreySample . o.. r....... o o..... 6z 7. Gurrent Need of Recreational Faciliti-es for l,laluitoba . 6l* 8. Cr¡rrent Need of Resources Per Activity (nral-Urban Breakdown) . o . o . ... 66 9. Curresrt Need of Resources Per ActivÍty (negional Breakdolrn) . 68 10. Actiuities Ranked AccordÍng to Parbicipation and Needs . 78 11. ProvÍncj-al Need Projectj-ons . o . 81 12. hojection of Need by Person Visits/Actiuity . 83 ]-3. Additional Activitíes of Facilities Provid.ed . 85 14. ParticipatÍon arrd Frequency of Obher Outdoor Activj-ties . 86 L5. Levels of Facilíty hadequateness . 89 ].:6. T¡rpe of Campsite Preferencg ¡ o . o 95 L7. Activities kiorízed À1ong FacilÍty Ìlíth Highest Level of Registered trradêeuâcf, o r . o . ! . LL5 18. RuraL l'fsritoba Ðrchange Centres Listed by NrXrX. Code . L28 19. Îtinnípeg Þcchange Listed by NrXrX. Code . .J-35 vii Table 20. Rural lfunicipalities and L.G.D.rs Listed by conum:nity . r3T 2J. Municipalitíes fu"al and L.G.D.rs þNatural Regions .
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