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Lempor Draughting (Or Bodgers Blastpipe) by Bill Roebuck

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Lempor Draughting (Or Bodgers Blastpipe) by Bill Roebuck Lempor Draughting (or Bodgers Blastpipe) by Bill Roebuck I had intended to write this article on improving the steaming of an engine some years ago, but retirement and house moving got in the way, and the text quietly disappeared into the mists of 'things to do one day'. The investigations into better draughting were prompted by the completion of an LBSC 3%" Netta (photograph 1), which did not run or steam as freely as it should, and the blast sounded 'tearing'. Something would have to be done. As an aside, it may be worth checking your smokebox is completely airtight so your existing arrangements have the chance to work correctly before embarking on this Photograph 7: The Author's LBSC Netta as completed. journey. A tiny hole too small to stick a pin into can completely destroy the smokebox on injectors for boiler feed reliable steam My research implied that the way to vacuum, and no amount of blastpipe was essential. go was with multiple jet blastpipes of the tinkering will make much difference. Guess Much reading of books and magazines LemPor variety (Lemaitre meets Porta). The how Ifound that out! followed to try and get a better idea lemPor blastpipe comprises four De Laval Some years ago an article in Model of which way to go in improving the style nozzles set in a cross, all leaning slightly Engineer suggested that steaming could draughting. The main consensus seemed outwards (photographs 2 & 3). The four be improved by making the blast nozzle to be that a properly designed single steam jets would certainly fill the chimney 15.5% of the cylinder diameter, then blast-pipe/sinqle-chimney arranqement choke, although LemPor draughting is drawing up the blast cone to an induded should be capable of making all the steam usually used with a draught tube. This is like angle of 60 and positioning the choke 50 required, but the ideas, dimensions and an extended petticoat pipe (photograph 4), the generated cone filled it (or adjusting proportions required to achieve this were but Ithought that improvements might be the orifice: choke height ratio to between often vague and mostly contradictory. One achieved without this. Some doodling on 1:9 and 1:10). I suspect these proportions designer made frequent reference to the the drawing board soon produced what dated back to Henry Greenly, but I have to American Master-Mechanics smokebox looked like an acceptable set of nozzle admit that the re-draughting of a previous proportions, without ever actually saying proportions based on a bit of rough scaling LBSC locomotive in this way resulted in what they were or how to calculate them. I from photographs of full size ones being the engine becoming a consistent and did extrapolate from the dimensions of one machined (photograph 5). Some form of predictable steamer which ran much more design reputed to steam well and made jig would have to be made to machine freely due to the lower back-pressure. the required bits to suit Netta, but I think the nozzle bases so they would sit in a Netta, unfortunately, did not respond to it might be best to draw a veil over the cluster for brazing together, and tapered this treatment. You couldn't say it didn't result. I still get asked whether I subscribe reamers would also have to be made, but steam, but it certainly didn't steam well or to the 'get-you-home' service for steamless apart from that the process looked fairly reliably, and being at the time dependent engines. straightforward. Photograph 2: A set of Lempor nozzles at the Photograph 4: Fabricated draught tube for W & Welshpao( & llaniair Rly. L Beyer Peacock locomotive. Photograph 3:As photograph 2 but with a blower fitted. ENGINEERING in MINIATURE December 20 F 1 o I\) i I 3D '1 0' ..,I\) N STEP 1 SCRAP VIEW C) ••• DRILL NOZZLE SHOWING ELEVATION ••• ~'---':--ES£~1~AND HALF SECTION OF BLAST CAP ( ~JZZZZZZZZ?(4-+' STEP 2 RELIEVE MINOR REAM 4° TAPER \ DIAMETER LOCALLY PART OFF T IF NEEDED SILVER SOLDER 2/2D PARTOFF~ \ ~ C\- ~~;~~~:[L~f~~4~~~s~%P:~i':pf-::72:~;;t;p·r I.. D 1 2D ,I ; THREAD TO SUIT -. = BLAST PIPE !: STEP 4 NOZZLE CLUSTER Si REAM 8° TAPER TO LEAVE : .. ~ MAJOR DIAMETER 5; SHORT FLAT MAJOR DIAMETER RECESS. NOZZLE CLUSTER {~:=-:;;~;11f-T MINOR DIAMETER MINOR DIAMETER ~ RELIEVED AS SHOWN. 5° I 1%D I (NOZZLE BASES I I OUTLINE SHOWN) STEP 5 CLAMP IN JIG - MILL ONE FLAT AT 5° APPROX \ L------------J- --~-- I 1 1 I STEP 6 ROTATE 90°, PRODUCTION SEQUENCE FOR CLAMP IN JIG· MILL SECOND NOZZLES TO GIVE LEMPOR FLAT AT 5° APPROX. i2-2:------} CLEAN UP. --$-- 1 DRAUGHTING Left - Photograph 5: Lempor nozzles in process of being machined .. Note taper is (anger than on the miniature set. Right - Photograph 6: Side view of the model milling jig. Purists and 'proper' model engineers calculated as above becomes the outside they provide a table I will look forward to will no doubt wince at the imprecise nature diameter of each nozzle. Well, sort of. I using their result. but unless you make your of what follows, but SMEE does stand went for the next 'standard' size above, own nozzle choke drills you are still tied to for the Society of Model & Experimental and had no problems. Whatever you number or metric equivalent twist drills. Engineers. If my ad-hoc unscientific decide, the nozzle choke diameter is half approach undoubtedly seems a bit rough the outside diameter, so the total area of Task 2: MakE thE REamErs and ready, then that's probably because the four nozzles is the same asthe area of a The D-bit style reamer angles of 4 and it is. Mathematics, geometry and I met single hole. As an example, if the calculated 8 degrees were a compromise to give a 'fit' at school, recognised we would never blastpipe size is 1,4" (D),nozzle OD is 1,4" (D), from the drawing. They were machined understand each other, and passed on like choke dia. W' (Y2D). Nozzle length should from silver steel in the usual way by setting ships in the night. If my teacher had been be about 3D - i.e. 3 times the nozzle OD. the top slide round. There does not seem granted the foresight to teJl me I would This works for nozzles up to about 3/S" dia. any criticality in the angle - use the degree need to know about these things so I Over that you are a bit on your own but graduations provided. The critical factor is could build steam engines in my old age it should be possible to extrapolate for in the depth they are used - it is important I might have paid more attention. As it is, larger values. I have to say there does not to leave the short parallel portion in the guesswork and empiricism suffice. If this seem to be any magic to the design size nozzle. You could include this parallel part offends you I apologise, but I am sure the that you end up with. Exhaustive testing on the end of the taper portion to save editor would be pleased to receive your has shown that the odd 64th up or down having to set depth stops, but it will mean mathematical treatise on the design of makes no difference to the end result - the you need a separate reamer for each size exhaust systems, then we could all get it spread of the nozzles ensures the chimney of nozzle. See the paragraph regarding right first time. choke is filled, and the smokebox vacuum the machining jig before altering the top should automatically follow. No doubt the slide back to turn parallel - the nozzle Task 1:Select your nozzle size mathematicians out there will pick me up taper wedge clamp needs to be machined This is straightforward (at least up to on this, with complicated trigonometrical at the same taper angle as the 40 reamer. about 0.375").The equivalent single orifice formulae to calculate every dimension In deference to the importance of the job blastpipe size either from the drawings or down to three decimal places. Providing I machined the half diameter down on the 7BA J';f- T~\¥ ..~ ..- ~T- ,.7j( I ---- ---- TAPER WEDGE NOZZLE MILLING JI.G %" SBA I. THIS FACE 112" MUST BE 90° ~ S;:t ~'I {@tr ~-1 ..- ~rr--+-----J ~ c~"%" ~ I· %•• CLAMP PLATE 1" ENGINEERING in MINIATURE December 2011 Photograph 9: Turnednozzle blank clamped in the milling jig (step5). Photograph 7: Top view of the milling jig. Photograph 8: Turningthe 4" external taper (step 2). Perform the above 4 times for each set of nozzles to be made. I found it easier to mill, but [ think this was to give my ego the larger nozzles you could increase this - Le. turn and ream all the nozzle blanks at the impression I was working accurately - you SOA if your minimum nozzle ID was going same time for the three sizes I had decided will no doubt file yours carefully down. to be 1/a". Brasswould be a good choice, on (calculated size plus one size above and Harden and temper to straw (any shade but steel will give you a better thread for below). To save grief later, keep each set of - it's only going to be used on brass) - clamping purposes. As they are to some nozzles of the same size together in a little probably best to do all the quenching by extent sacrificial if you are a cautious-type, bag, as teWng them' apart once finished is plunging vertically into the water or oil to or are anticipating mass production of frustrating.
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