DOCSLIB.ORG

Tamilnadu Board Class 11 Bio-Botany Chapter 1

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Tamilnadu Board Class 11 Bio-Botany Chapter 1 Unit I: Diversity of Living World Chapter 1 Living World Learning Objectives The learner will be able to, • Differentiate living and non-living things. • Appreciate the attributes of living organisms. • Compare the different classifications proposed by biologists. • Recognize the general characters, structure and reproduction of Bacteria. • Identify the characteristic features of Archaebacteria, Cyanobacteria, Earth was formed some 4.6 billion years Mycoplasma and Actinomycetes. ago. It is the life supporting planet with • Describe the characteristic features land forms like mountains, plateaus, of fungi. glaciers, etc., Life on earth exists within • Discuss on the structure and uses a complex structure called biosphere. of Mycorrhizae and Lichens. There exist many mysteries and wonders in the living world some are not visible but the activity of some capture the attention of all. For example the response Chapter Outline of sun flower to the sunlight, the twinkling 1.1 Attributes of Living firefly in the dark forest, the rolling water organisms droplets on the surface of lotus leaf, the closure of the leaf of venus fly trap on 1.2 Viruses insect touch and a squid squeezing ink to 1.3 Classification of escape from its predator. From this it is Living world clear that the wonder planet earth harbors 1.4 Bacteria both landforms and life forms. Have you 1.5 Fungi thought of DNA molecule? It is essential for the regulation of life and is made up 1 TN_GOVT_BOTANY_XI_Page 001-041 CH01.indd 1 02-06-2018 13:43:38 of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen cells. Therefore, growth in living thing is and phosphorus thus nonliving and living intrinsic. In unicellular organisms like things exist together to make our planet bacteria and amoeba growth occurs by cell unique. division and such cell division also leads According to a survey made by to the growth of their population. Hence, Mora et al., 2011 the number of estimated growth and reproduction are mutually species on earth is 8.7 million. The living inclusive events. world includes microbes, plants, animals Cellular structure and human beings which possess unique and distinct characteristic feature. All living organisms are made up of cells which may be prokaryotic or eukaryotic. 1.1 Attributes of living organisms Prokaryotes are unicellular, lack membrane bound nuclei and organelles The attributes of living organisms are given like mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, below and is represented in Figure 1.1 golgi bodies and so on (Example: Bacteria and Blue green algae). In Eukaryotes a Growth Nutrition Movement definite nucleus and membrane bound organelles are present. Eukaryotes may ATTRIBUTES Metabolism OF LIVING Reproduction be unicellular (Amoeba) or multicellular ORGANISMS (Oedogonium). Reproduction Respiration Irritability Excretion Reproduction is one of the fundamental Figure 1.1: Attributes of living organisms characteristic features of living organisms. It is the tendency of a living organism Growth to perpetuate its own species. There are two types of reproduction namely Growth is an intrinsic property of all asexual and sexual. Asexual reproduction living organisms through which they can (Figure 1.2) refers to the production of increase cells both in number and mass. the progeny possessing features more Unicellular and multicellular organisms or less similar to those of parents. The grow by cell division. In plants, growth sexual reproduction brings out variation is indefinite and occurs throughout through recombination. Asexual their life. In animals, growth is definite reproduction in living organisms occurs and occurs for some period. However, by the production of conidia (Aspergillus, cell division occurs in living organisms Penicillium), budding (Hydra and Yeast), to repair and heal the worn out tissues. binary fission (Bacteria and Amoeba) Growth in non-living objects is extrinsic. fragmentation (Spirogyra), protonema Mountains, boulders and sand mounds (Mosses) and regeneration (Planaria). grow by simple aggregation of material Exceptions are the sterile worker bees and on the surface. Living cells grow by the mules addition of new protoplasm within the 2 TN_GOVT_BOTANY_XI_Page 001-041 CH01.indd 2 02-06-2018 13:43:38 is essential for the living organism to maintain internal condition to survive in the environment. Movement, Nutrition, Respiration and Excretion are also considered as the property of living things. (a) (b) The levels of organization in living organism begin with atoms and end in Biosphere. Each level cannot exist in isolation instead they form levels of integration as given in Figure 1.3. Metabolism The sum total of all the chemical reactions taking place in a cell of living (c) (d) organism is called metabolism. It is broadly divided into anabolism and Figure 1.2: Types of Asexual Reproduction catabolism. The difference between (a) Conidia formation-Penicillium, anabolism and catabolism is given in (b) Budding-Yeast, (c) Fragmentation- Table 1.1 Spirogyra, (d) Regeneration-Planaria Table 1.1: Difference between Response to stimuli anabolism and catabolism All organisms are capable of sensing their Anabolism Catabolism environment and respond to various physical, chemical and biological stimuli. Building up Breaking down Animals sense their surroundings by sense process process organs. This is called Consciousness. Smaller Larger molecule Plants also respond to the stimuli. Bending molecules break into smaller of plants towards sunlight, the closure of combine together units leaves in touch-me-not plant to touch are to form larger some examples for response to stimuli molecule in plants. This type of response is called Chemical energy The stored chemical Irritability. is formed and energy is released Homeostasis stored and used Property of self-regulation and tendency Example: Example: to maintain a steady state within an Synthesis of Breaking down of external environment which is liable proteins from glucose to CO2 and to change is called Homeostasis. It amino acids water 3 TN_GOVT_BOTANY_XI_Page 001-041 CH01.indd 3 02-06-2018 13:43:41 Biosphere Did you go through the headlines of news papers in recent times? Have you heard Ecosystem III Ecosystem of the terms EBOLA, ZIKA, AIDS, SARS, H1N1 etc? There are serious entities which Community are considered as “Biological Puzzle” Population and cause disease in man. They are called viruses. We have learnt about the attributes Individual organism II Individual organism of living world in the previous chapter. Organ systems Now we shall discuss about viruses which Living connect the living and nonliving world. Organs The word virus is derived from Tissues Latin meaning ‘Poison’. Viruses are Living cells sub-microscopic, obligate intracellular Living cells I parasites. They have nucleic acid core Organelles Colloids surrounded by protein coat. Viruses in their native state contain only a single Molecules & Crystals Compounds type of nucleic acid which may be either DNA or RNA. The study of viruses is Mixture Living Non Atoms called Virology. Figure 1.3: The levels of organization and integration in living organism Activity 1.1 Collect Vallisneria leaves or Chara from nearby aquarium and observe a leaf or Chara thallus (internodal region)under the microscope. You could see cells clearly under the microscope. Could W.M. Stanley you notice the movement of cytoplasm? (1904-1971) The movement of cytoplasm is called An American Scientist obtained virus cytoplasmic streaming or cyclosis. in crystallised form from infected tobacco juice in the year 1935. 1.2 Viruses He was jointly awarded “Nobel Prize” in Chemistry in 1946 with J.H. Northrop. 1.2.1 Milestones in Virology 1796 Edward Jenner used vaccination for small pox 1886 Adolf Mayer demonstrated the infectious nature of Tobacco mosaic virus using sap of mosaic leaves 4 TN_GOVT_BOTANY_XI_Page 001-041 CH01.indd 4 02-06-2018 13:43:41 1892 Dimitry Ivanowsky proved that 1.2.3 Characteristic features of Viruses viruses are smaller than bacteria Living Characters 1898 M.W. Beijierink defined the infectious agent in tobacco leaves • Presence of nucleic acid and protein. as ῾Contagium vivum fluidum’ • Capable of mutation 1915 F.W.Twort identified Viral infection • Ability to multiply within living cells. in Bacteria • Able to infect and cause diseases in 1917 d’Herelle coined the term living beings. ‘Bacteriophage’ 1984 Luc Montagnier and Robert Gallo • Show irritability. discovered HIV (Human Immuno • Host –specific Deficiency Virus). Non-living Characters 1.2.2 Size and shape • Can be crystallized. Viruses are ultramicroscopic particles. They • Absence of metabolism. are smaller than bacteria and their diameter range from 20 to 300 nm (1nm = 10-9metres). • Inactive outside the host. Bacteriophage measures about 10-100 nm in • Do not show functional autonomy. size. The size of TMV is 300×20 nm. • Energy producing enzyme system is absent. Generally viruses are of three types based on shape and symmetry (Figure 1.4). 1.2.4 Classification of Viruses i. Cuboid symmetry – Example: Among various classifications proposed Adenovirus, Herpes virus. for viruses the classification given by ii. Helical symmetry – Example: David Baltimore in the year 1971 is Influenza virus, TMV. given below. The classification is based iii. Complex or Atypical – Example: on mechanism of RNA production, the Bacteriophage, Vaccinia virus. nature of the genome (single stranded –ss RNA Head Fibre DNA Capsid Collar DNA Sheath Protein Basal plate Tail fibre (a) (b) (c) (a) Adenovirus (b) Tobacco Mosaic
Load more

Recommended publications
  • By Thesis for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy
    COMPARATIVE ANATOMY AND HISTOCHEMISTRY OF TIIE ASSOCIATION OF PUCCIiVIA POARUM WITH ITS ALTERNATE HOSTS By TALIB aWAID AL-KHESRAJI Department of Botany~ Universiiy of SheffieZd Thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy JUNE 1981 Vol 1 IMAGING SERVICES NORTH Boston Spa, Wetherby West Yorkshire, lS23 7BQ www.bl.uk BEST COpy AVAILABLE. VARIABLE PRINT QUALITY TO MY PARENTS i Ca.1PARATIVE ANATCl1Y AND HISTOCHEMISTRY OF THE ASSOCIATION OF PUCCINIA POARUM WITH ITS ALTERNATE HOSTS Talib Owaid Al-Khesraji Depaptment of Botany, Univepsity of Sheffield The relationship of the macrocyclic rust fungus PUccinia poarum with its pycnial-aecial host, Tussilago fapfaPa, and its uredial-telial host, Poa ppatensis, has been investigated, using light microscopy, electron microscopy and micro-autoradiography. Aspects of the morp­ hology and ontogeny of spores and sari, which were previously disputed, have been clarified. Monokaryotic hyphae grow more densely in the intercellular spaces of Tussilago leaves than the dikaryotic intercellular hyphae on Poa. Although ultrastructurally sbnilar, monokaryotic hyphae differ from dikaryotic hyphae in their interaction with host cell walls, often growing embedded in wall material which may project into the host cells. The frequency of penetration of Poa mesophyll cells by haustoria of the dikaryon is greater than that of Tussilago cells by the relatively undifferentiated intracellular hyphae of the monokaryon. Intracellular hyphae differ from haustoria in their irregular growth, septation, lack of a neck-band or markedly constricted neck, the deposition of host wall-like material in the external matrix bounded by the invaginated host plasmalemma and in the association of callose reactions \vith intracellular hyphae and adjacent parts of host walls.
    [Show full text]
  • Bot 316 Mycology and Fungal Physiology
    BOT 316 MYCOLOGY AND FUNGAL PHYSIOLOGY Dr Osondu Akoma 2011 BOT 316 MYCOLOGY AND FUNGAL PHYSIOLOGY INTRODUCTION HISTORICAL BACKGROUND Mycology is a classical translation of the Greek word Mykes logos which means mushroom discussion, thus mycology is the study of fungi. In the past this area of science was limited to the study of mushrooms but as science developed, the scope of the subject widened far beyond the objects seen with the naked eyes with the discovery of microscopes. The development of mycology cannot be isolated from that of science. The ancestry of fungi is ancient, dating back to the Devonian and Precambrian eras. The history is also influenced by calamities and man has always kept record from time and as such the first record of fungi was not that of observing fungi directly but that of their harmful effects. The Romans and Greeks have a lot in their records. Even in the Holy Bible there are many references of the fungi and their effects; Leviticus 14: 4-48, 1Kings 8:37, Deuteronomy 28:22. The first indication that man saw fungi as food was a report of death at Icarius. The first book devoted to fungi is the Van Sterbeek’s “Theatrum Fungerium” in 1675 and this work distinguished the edible from the poisonous mushrooms. The discovery of the microscope led to the systematic study of the fungi. Robert Hooke was credited with the first illustration of micro fungi in 1667 in his work titled Micrographa . The Greeks and Romans regarded fungi as mysterious things. They were regarded as the “evil formats of the earth originating from the mouth of vipers”.
    [Show full text]
  • Study of Fungi- SBT 302 Mycology
    MYCOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF PLANT SCIENCES DR. STANLEY KIMARU 2019 NOMENCLATURE-BINOMIAL SYSTEM OF NOMENCLATURE, RULES OF NOMENCLATURE, CLASSIFICATION OF FUNGI. KEY TO DIVISIONS AND SUB-DIVISIONS Taxonomy and Nomenclature Nomenclature is the naming of organisms. Both classification and nomenclature are governed by International code of Botanical Nomenclature, in order to devise stable methods of naming various taxa, As per binomial nomenclature, genus and species represent the name of an organism. Binomials when written should be underlined or italicized when printed. First letter of the genus should be capital and is commonly a noun, while species is often an adjective. An example for binomial can be cited as: Kingdom = Fungi Division = Eumycota Subdivision = Basidiomycotina Class = Teliomycetes Order = Uredinales Family = Pucciniaceae Genus = Puccinia Species = graminis Classification of Fungi An outline of classification (G.C. Ainsworth, F.K. Sparrow and A.S. Sussman, The Fungi Vol. IV-B, 1973) Key to divisions of Mycota Plasmodium or pseudoplasmodium present. MYXOMYCOTA Plasmodium or pseudoplasmodium absent, Assimilative phase filamentous. EUMYCOTA MYXOMYCOTA Class: Plasmodiophoromycetes 1. Plasmodiophorales Plasmodiophoraceae Plasmodiophora, Spongospora, Polymyxa Key to sub divisions of Eumycota Motile cells (zoospores) present, … MASTIGOMYCOTINA Sexual spores typically oospores Motile cells absent Perfect (sexual) state present as Zygospores… ZYGOMYCOTINA Ascospores… ASCOMYCOTINA Basidiospores… BASIDIOMYCOTINA Perfect (sexual) state
    [Show full text]
  • Master Thesis
    Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Faculty of Natural Resources and Agricultural Sciences Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology Uppsala 2011 Taxonomic and phylogenetic study of rust fungi forming aecia on Berberis spp. in Sweden Iuliia Kyiashchenko Master‟ thesis, 30 hec Ecology Master‟s programme SLU, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Faculty of Natural Resources and Agricultural Sciences Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology Iuliia Kyiashchenko Taxonomic and phylogenetic study of rust fungi forming aecia on Berberis spp. in Sweden Uppsala 2011 Supervisors: Prof. Jonathan Yuen, Dept. of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology Anna Berlin, Dept. of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology Examiner: Anders Dahlberg, Dept. of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology Credits: 30 hp Level: E Subject: Biology Course title: Independent project in Biology Course code: EX0565 Online publication: http://stud.epsilon.slu.se Key words: rust fungi, aecia, aeciospores, morphology, barberry, DNA sequence analysis, phylogenetic analysis Front-page picture: Barberry bush infected by Puccinia spp., outside Trosa, Sweden. Photo: Anna Berlin 2 3 Content 1 Introduction…………………………………………………………………………. 6 1.1 Life cycle…………………………………………………………………………….. 7 1.2 Hyphae and haustoria………………………………………………………………... 9 1.3 Rust taxonomy……………………………………………………………………….. 10 1.3.1 Formae specialis………………………………………………………………. 10 1.4 Economic importance………………………………………………………………... 10 2 Materials and methods……………………………………………………………... 13 2.1 Rust and barberry
    [Show full text]
  • Auaust 17, 1929] NATURE 267
    AuausT 17, 1929] NATURE 267 anxiety, especially among biologists, who are used to pycniospores of one sex are applied to a pycnium of checking the adequacy of their methods by control opposite sex, the pycniospores are stimulated to experiments. The difficulty of obtaining decisive germinate and to produce haploid hyphoo which grow results often flows from heterogeneity of material, down to the hypha! wefts near the lower epidermis and often from causes of bias, often, too, from the diffi­ there fuse with cells of opposite sex. The solution of culty of setting up an experiment in such a way as to the p:oblem of tracing the hyphoo from the germinating obtain a valid estimate of error. I have never known pycmospores to the base of the oocium must await difficulty to arise in biological work from imperfect further investigation. W. F. HANNA. normality of the variation, often though I have Dominion Rust Research Laboratory, examined data for this particular cause of difficulty; Winnipeg, June 24. nor is there, I believe, any case to the contrary in the literature. This is not to say that the deviation from The Crystal Structure of Solid Nitrogen. " Student's " t-distribution found by Shewhart and RECENT researches on the luminescence of solidified Winters, for samples from rectangular and triangular gases have shown that systems consisting of mixtures distributions, may not have a real application in some of nitrogen with inert gases give a great variety of technological work, but rather that such deviations oscillatory bands, which are intimately connected have not been found, and are scarcely to be looked for, with the oscillations which the nitrogen atoms are in biological research as ordinarily conducted.
    [Show full text]
  • Objective Plant Pathology
    See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305442822 Objective plant pathology Book · July 2013 CITATIONS READS 0 34,711 3 authors: Surendra Nath M. Gurivi Reddy Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University 5 PUBLICATIONS 2 CITATIONS 15 PUBLICATIONS 11 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Prabhukarthikeyan S. R ICAR - National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 48 PUBLICATIONS 108 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Management of rice diseases View project Identification and characterization of phytoplasma View project All content following this page was uploaded by Surendra Nath on 20 July 2016. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. Objective Plant Pathology (A competitive examination guide)- As per Indian examination pattern M. Gurivi Reddy, M.Sc. (Plant Pathology), TNAU, Coimbatore S.R. Prabhukarthikeyan, M.Sc (Plant Pathology), TNAU, Coimbatore R. Surendranath, M. Sc (Horticulture), TNAU, Coimbatore INDIA A.E. Publications No. 10. Sundaram Street-1, P.N.Pudur, Coimbatore-641003 2013 First Edition: 2013 © Reserved with authors, 2013 ISBN: 978-81972-22-9 Price: Rs. 120/- PREFACE The so called book Objective Plant Pathology is compiled by collecting and digesting the pertinent information published in various books and review papers to assist graduate and postgraduate students for various competitive examinations like JRF, NET, ARS conducted by ICAR. It is mainly helpful for students for getting an in-depth knowledge in plant pathology. The book combines the basic concepts and terminology in Mycology, Bacteriology, Virology and other applied aspects.
    [Show full text]
  • ASCOMYCOTINA the 'Sac Fungi'
    ASCOMYCOTINA The ‘Sac fungi’ General character of ASCOMYCOTINA • Largest group of fungi – more than 32,000 species in 3,400 genera • Name derived from Greek word: askos – bag or bladder and mykes – fungus • Sexually produced spores (ascospores) are contained within a sac (ascus) • Include both saprophytic and parasitic species • Some are symbionts – about 40% of lichen have ascomycotina members as fungal partner • Majority are terrestrial but few are aquatic – marine and fresh water Vegetative structure • Thallus may be unicellular (Yeast) or mycelial • Mycelium is well developed with branched and septate hyphae • Septa with simple pore • Hyphae compactly or loosely arranged • Mycelium may be homokaryotic – all neclei are genetically similar or heterokaryotic – nuclei are genetically different • Some members (Eg. Xylaria, Claviceps) form hyphal aggregations – Stroma, Sclerotium Reproduction • Asexual or Sexual reproduction Asexual reproduction • By formation of spores • Conidia, Oidia or Chlamydospores Conidia • Important mode of asexual reproduction in Ascomycotina • Exogenous, non-motile spores • Produced on tip of conidiophores – branched or unbranced / unicellular or multicellular • Single or many chains of conidia are formed on a conidiophore • Conidia are generally formed basipetally • Formation of conidia on conidiophore (conidiogenesis) occurs in two ways – Blastic conidiogenesis: conidium develops by blowing out of wall of a cell, usually from the tip of a hypha – Thallic conidiogenesis: conidium develops from a pre-existing
    [Show full text]
  • Classification Plant Pathogenic Fungi
    Classification o f Plant Pathogenic Fungi Published 1995 Institute of Agricultural Research Fax 251-1-611222 Tel. 251-1-612633 P.O. Box 2003 Addis Abeba, Ethiopia Contents Introduction 1 Mastigomycota % Zygomycotina 3 Ascomycotina 41 Basidiomycotina § Deuteromycotina (5 G lossary H Preface Plant pathogenic fungi are numerous, diverse and belong to many groups of kingdom ‘Fungi’. Sometimes, fungal diseases can be identified by the symptoms, though unrelated species may cause similar expressions of the host plant. The pathogenicity of a fungus is ascertained by proving Koch’s postulates. The morphology of the fungus either on host or culture is an essential tool for knowing the type of the pathogen involved. A general purpose classificatory manual of plant pathogenic fungi is very essential in every plant pathological laboratory. This manual has been compiled as a teaching aid in the training course for Junior plant pathologists in the Institute of Agricultural Research. Its purpose is to serve as a guide in the classification of fungi and thereby in recognizing the genera of fungi associated with plant diseases. The keys to the fungi at various levels has been adopted from various sources, but mostly using the latest classification system. No attempt has been made to include all plant pathogenic genera, but used only those commonly occurring in some regions of Ethiopia. Effort has been made to include an illustration of the main fungal structures that go along with the descriptions of each group. Bibliogra­ phies are given at the end of each chapter. A brief glossary of technical terms has been included at the end.
    [Show full text]
  • History of Plant Pathology in India: D
    HISTORY OF PLANT PATHOLOGY LANDMARKS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY 1.Ancient period: A literature of European and vedic eras will give us some information on the plant diseases and their control measures. Earlier people were aware about plant diseases but they aware unable explain scientifically hence they believed that plant diseases were a manifestation of the wrath of God and, therefore, that avoidance or control of the disease depended on people doing things that would please that same superpower. In the fourth century b.c.; the Romans suffered so much from hunger caused by the repeated destruction of cereal crops by rusts and other diseases that they created a separate god, whom they named Robigus. To please Robigus, the Romans offered prayers and sacrifices in the belief that he would protect them from the dreaded rusts. The Romans even established a special holiday for Robigus, the Robigalia, during which they sacrificed red dogs, foxes, and cows in an attempt to please and pacify Robigus so he would not send the rusts to destroy their crops. The first person to study and write about the plant diseases is the Greek philosopher Theophrastus. He made observations on the plant diseases in his book enquiry into plants. His experiences were mostly based on imagination and observation but not on experimentation. Theophrastus (370 B.C. – 286 B.C) First botanist to study and write about the diseases of trees, cereals and legumes. He divided the plant diseases into external and Internal. External diseases are caused by external factors like Temperature, Moisture etc; internal diseases are caused by internal conditions of plant.
    [Show full text]
  • Handbook of the Major Forest Pests in South East Europe
    HANDBOOK OF THE MAJOR FOREST PESTS IN SOUTHEAST EUROPE Handbook of the major forest pests in Southeast Europe Editorial Staff Authors Prof. Ferenc Lakatos, Dr. Stefan Mirtchev Co-Authors Dr. Arben Mehmeti, Hysen Shabanaj Contributions Aleksandar Nikolovski, Naser Krasniqi, Dr. Norbert Winkler-Ráthonyi Proofreader Prof. Steven Woodward FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Pristina, 2014 Disclaimer The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of FAO. ISBN 978-92-5-108580-6 (print) E-ISBN 978-92-5-108581-3 (PDF) © FAO, 2014 FAO encourages the use, reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product. Except where otherwise indicated, material may be copied, downloaded and printed for private study, research and teaching purposes, or for use in non-commercial products or services, provided that appropriate acknowledgement of FAO as the source and copyright holder is given and that FAO’s endorsement of users’ views, products or services is not implied in any way.
    [Show full text]
  • Phenotypic Variability of Leptosphaeria Lindquistii
    Phenotypic variability of Leptosphaeria lindquistii (anamorph: Phoma macdonaldii), a fungal pathogen of sunflower Ali Mohammad Roustaee, S Costes, Grégory Dechamp-Guillaume, Gérard Barrault To cite this version: Ali Mohammad Roustaee, S Costes, Grégory Dechamp-Guillaume, Gérard Barrault. Phenotypic vari- ability of Leptosphaeria lindquistii (anamorph: Phoma macdonaldii), a fungal pathogen of sunflower. Plant Pathology, Wiley, 2000, 49 (2), pp.227-234. 10.1046/j.1365-3059.2000.00451.x. hal-02875262 HAL Id: hal-02875262 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02875262 Submitted on 19 Jun 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Open Archive Toulouse Archive Ouverte OATAO is an open access repository that collects the work of Toulouse researchers and makes it freely available over the web where possible This is an author’s version published in: https://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/26443 Official URL : https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3059.2000.00451.x To cite this version: Roustaee, Ali Mohammad and Costes, S and Dechamp-Guillaume, Grégory and Barrault, Gérard Phenotypic variability of Leptosphaeria lindquistii (anamorph: Phoma macdonaldii), a fungal pathogen of sunflower. (2000) Plant Pathology, 49 (2). 227- 234.
    [Show full text]
  • Downloaded from the National Center for Biotechnology Information a Set of 41 Representative Strains, Belonging to All (NCBI) and “Alternaria Genomes Database” (AGD)
    ISSN 0031 - 9465 PHYTOPATHOLOGIA MEDITERRANEA PHYTOPATHOLOGIA PHYTOPATHOLOGIA MEDITERRANEAVolume 59 • No. 1 • April 2020 Plant health and food safety Iscritto al Tribunale di Firenze con il n° 4923del 5-1-2000 - Poste Italiane Spa Spedizione in Abbonamento Postale 70% DCB FIRENZE di Firenze Iscritto al Tribunale FIRENZE The international journal of the UNIVERSITY Mediterranean Phytopathological Union PRESS PHYTOPATHOLOGIA MEDITERRANEA Plant health and food safety The international journal edited by the Mediterranean Phytopathological Union founded by A. Ciccarone and G. Goidànich Phytopathologia Mediterranea is an international journal edited by the Mediterranean Phytopathological Union The journal’s mission is the promotion of plant health for Mediterranean crops, climate and regions, safe food production, and the transfer of knowledge on diseases and their sustainable management. The journal deals with all areas of plant pathology, including epidemiology, disease control, biochemical and physiological aspects, and utilization of molecular technologies. All types of plant pathogens are covered, including fungi, nematodes, protozoa, bacteria, phytoplasmas, viruses, and viroids. Papers on mycotoxins, biological and integrated management of plant diseases, and the use of natural substances in disease and weed control are also strongly encouraged. The journal focuses on pathology of Mediterranean crops grown throughout the world. The journal includes three issues each year, publishing Reviews, Original research papers, Short notes, New or unusual disease reports, News and opinion, Current topics, Commentaries, and Letters to the Editor. EDITORS-IN-CHIEF Laura Mugnai – University of Florence, DAGRI, Plant pathology and Richard Falloon – New Zealand Institute for Plant & Entomology section, P.le delle Cascine 28, 50144 Firenze, Italy Food Research, Private Bag 4704, Christchurch 8108, New Phone: +39 055 2755861 Zealand E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +64 3 3259499; Fax: +64 3 3253864 E-mail: [email protected] CONSULTING EDITORS A.
    [Show full text]