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Beekeeping in the Mediterranean from Antiquity Until Today: Historical Findings and Current Issues"

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Beekeeping in the Mediterranean from Antiquity Until Today: Historical Findings and Current Issues Book of Abstracts SYROS- GREECE 9-11 October, 2014 "Beekeeping in the Mediterranean from antiquity until today: historical findings and current issues" 2 "Beekeeping in the Mediterranean from antiquity until today: historical findings and current issues" 3 "Beekeeping in the Mediterranean from antiquity until today: historical findings and current issues" 4 "Beekeeping in the Mediterranean from antiquity until today: historical findings and current issues" Dear friends and colleagues, It is our pleasure and honor to welcome you to this unique Beekeeping Symposium taking place for the first time in the Cyclades, on the beautiful and historic island of Syros with a live link with the islands Andros, Milos, Mykonos, Paros, Naxos, Santorini and Tinos. The very theme of the Symposium is innovative and given the versatile contributions from Greek and international speakers which we expect to give rise to a productive discourse, we believe that the historical practice of beekeeping will help us better understand and cope more effectively with the problems of the present and expectations for the future. Thank you for joining us in this three-day creative journey from the past to the present to the future of beekeeping in the Mediterranean, which we hope will assist in a better understanding of this area and business sector toward the overall benefit of local economic and social development. For the Chamber of Cyclades, the President, Ioannis Roussos For the Eva Crane Trust, the Chairman, Richard Jones For the HAO Demeter, Symposium Scientific Head, Fani Hatjina _______________________________________ SESSION: Beekeeping practice through the ages _______________________________________ 5 "Beekeeping in the Mediterranean from antiquity until today: historical findings and current issues" Dr Eva Crane, bee scientist and her research into the history of Greek beekeeping Richard Jones Chairman of the Eva Crane Trust, 5 – 6 Northumberland Place, Queen Square , Bath, BA1 2JE, UK [email protected] Eva Crane was born just over 100 years ago. While still a young woman, but already an established scientist and mathematician, she developed an interest in bees. For sixty years she tried to gather everything that had been written on bees, bee science and beekeeping and set about making this information available to everyone through the books she wrote and the journals she edited. In 1986 she visited the countries of the eastern Mediterranean including the island of Crete. In 1996 she returned again to Greece and went on to visit Turkey and Israel. She was particularly interested in traditional beekeeping and developed theories as to how beekeeping techniques were developed and transmitted around the Ancient World. Her research was based on: Study of excavated material Written texts from the writers of Antiquity through to more modern times Comparison of traditional beekeeping methods with what is currently practiced Her work led to make links in beekeeping methods from Scilly to Turkey, Greece to Northern India, Egypt to the Greek Islands. Δρ Eva Crane και η έρευνά της στην ιστορία της Ελληνικής μελισσοκομίας Richard Jones Πρόεδρος του Ιδρύματος ‘Eva Crane’ , 5 - 6 Northumberland Place , Queen Square , Bath, BA1 2JE, Μεγάλη Βρετανία, [email protected] Η Eva Crane γεννήθηκε μόλις πριν από 100 χρόνια. Ενώ ακόμα ήταν μια νεαρή γυναίκα, αλλά ήδη καθιερωμένη επιστήμονας και μαθηματικός, ανέπτυξε ένα ενδιαφέρον για τις μέλισσες. Για εξήντα χρόνια προσπάθησε να συγκεντρώσει όλα όσα είχαν γραφτεί για τις μέλισσες, την επιστήμη της μέλισσας και της μελισσοκομίας και να κάνει αυτές τις πληροφορίες διαθέσιμες σε όλους μέσα από τα βιβλία που έγραψε και τα περιοδικά που επιμελήθηκε. Το 1986 επισκέφθηκε τις χώρες της Ανατολικής Μεσογείου, καθώς και το νησί της Κρήτης. Το 1996 επέστρεψε και πάλι στην Ελλάδα και πήγε για να επισκεφθεί την Τουρκία και το Ισραήλ. Είχε ιδιαίτερο ενδιαφέρον στην παραδοσιακή μελισσοκομία και και στις θεωρίες για το πώς οι τεχνικές μελισσοκομία αναπτύχθηκαν και μεταδόθηκαν σε όλο τον αρχαίο κόσμο. Η έρευνά της βασίστηκε στα: Μελέτη των υλικών εκσκαφής Γραπτά κείμενα από τους συγγραφείς της αρχαιότητας μέσα σε πιο σύγχρονη εποχή Σύγκριση των παραδοσιακών μεθόδων μελισσοκομίας με ό, τι εφαρμόζεται σήμερα Η δουλειά της οδήγησε στο να γίνουν συνδέσεις των μεθόδων που εφαρμόζονται στη Σικελία και την Τουρκία, την Ελλάδα και τη Βόρεια Ινδία, την Αίγυπτο και τα ελληνικά νησιά. 6 "Beekeeping in the Mediterranean from antiquity until today: historical findings and current issues" Beekeeping in Turkey-Past to Present Irfan Kandemir Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ankara University-TURKEY, [email protected] Turkey is on the intersection of three continents and also on the way of two important past path namely Spice and Silk Road thus played a very important role bridging the Asia, Europe and Africa. Indeed Turkey also the place where very important civilizations were established like Romans, Hittites, Byzantines, Ottoman Empire and finally Turkish Republic. Covering all of these civilizations beekeeping can be divided into three main periods as recognized by archeological findings, written laws of Ottomans and the present period of new Republic. Although the previous findings in archeology and in the Ottoman period are scarce, the present period has lots of information regarding the beekeeping in Turkey. Archeological evidences came from the excavations during Hittites in two sites in Turkey. Comb figures on the walls and the buzzing bees on the carpets are the signs of beekeeping in that area. In Ottoman Empire period although there is not much direct evidence of beekeeping but there are several laws attributable to beekeeping. All of these laws are due to managing the taxation and prevention of theft incidences in Ottoman Empires. The third new period is after the establishment of Turkish Republic. However this latter section can be divided into two parts before Frederick Simon Bodenheimer and after. Modernization and the scientific beekeeping started after the second half and Turkey became one of the main beekeeping geography in the Middle East and the business is still growing. This work aimed to highlight the main developments in Turkish Beekeeping with pictorial presentation. Η μελισσοκομία στην Τουρκία - από το παρελθόν στο παρόν Irfan Kandemir, Καθηγητής στη Σχολή Βιολογίας του Παν. Άγκυρας, Τουρκία, [email protected] Η Τουρκία βρίσκεται στην διασταύρωση των τριών ηπείρων, αλλά και για τον δύο σημαντικά μονοπάτια από το παρελθόν, δηλαδή των ‘Καρυκευμάτων’ και του ‘Μεταξιού’ κι έτσι έπαιξε πολύ σημαντικό ρόλο στη γεφύρωση της Ασίας, της Ευρώπης και της Αφρικής. Επίσης η Τουρκία ήταν το μέρος όπου αναπτύχθηκαν πολύ σημαντικοί πολιτισμοί όπως των Ρωμαίων, των Χετταίων, των Βυζαντινών, της Οθωμανικής Αυτοκρατορίας και τελικά της Τουρκικής Δημοκρατίας. Καλύπτοντας όλους αυτούς τους πολιτισμούς, η μελισσοκομία μπορεί να διαιρεθεί σε τρεις κύριες περιόδους, όπως αναγνωρίζεται από αρχαιολογικά ευρήματα, γραπτούς νόμους των Οθωμανών και την παρούσα περίοδο της νέας Δημοκρατίας. Παρά το γεγονός ότι τα προηγούμενα ευρήματα στην αρχαία και στην Οθωμανική περίοδο είναι λιγοστά, η παρούσα περίοδο έχει πολλές πληροφορίες σχετικά με την μελισσοκομία στην Τουρκία. Αρχαιολογικές αποδείξεις προήλθαν από τις ανασκαφές για την περίοδο των Χετταίων σε δύο περιοχές στην Τουρκία. Εικόνες από κηρήθρες σε τοίχους και μέλισσες που βουΐζουν σε χαλιά είναι τα σημάδια της μελισσοκομίας κατά την περιοχή αυτή. Στην περίοδο της Οθωμανικής Αυτοκρατορίας, αν και δεν υπάρχουν πολλά άμεσα αποδεικτικά στοιχεία της μελισσοκομίας, υπάρχουν αρκετοί νόμοι που αναφέρονται στη μελισσοκομία. Όλοι αυτοί οι νόμοι οφείλονται στη διαχείριση της φορολογίας και την πρόληψη των περιστατικών κλοπής στην Οθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία. Η τρίτη νέα περίοδος είναι μετά την ίδρυση της Τουρκικής Δημοκρατίας. Ωστόσο αυτή η τελευταία ενότητα μπορεί να διαιρεθεί σε δύο μέρη πριν από τον Frederick Simon Bodenheimer και μετά. Ο εκσυγχρονισμός και η επιστημονική μελισσοκομία ξεκίνησε μετά το δεύτερο εξάμηνο και η Τουρκία έγινε ένα από τα κύριες μελισσοκομικές γεωγραφικές περιοχές της Μέσης Ανατολής και η μελισσοκομία εξακολουθεί να αυξάνεται. Η εργασία αυτή στοχεύει στο να αναδείξει τις κύριες εξελίξεις στην τουρκική Μελισσοκομία με εικαστική παρουσίαση. 7 "Beekeeping in the Mediterranean from antiquity until today: historical findings and current issues" Beekeeping in the Land of the Pharaohs Stephen Petersen Beekeeping Consultant, Toklat Apiaries, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA 99712, [email protected] As one of the earliest “cradles of civilization”Egypt is well known for its’ ancient tombs and pyramids, but it is also known for its ancient beekeeping. Beekeeping (keeping honey bees in purpose-made containers) has been practiced in Egypt most likely since 3100 BC and perhaps as early as 5000 BC. Honey hunting (harvesting of honey from wild nests) was also practiced by ancient Egyptian in some of the oases. The race of bees indigenous to the Nile River is Apis mellifera lamarckii(Cockerell 1906) which today, especially in the Nile Delta, has been either genetically diluted or supplanted by imports principally Italian(A.m. ligustica) and Carniolans(A.m. carnica). The race of bees Apis mellifera lamarckii, hereafter referred to as Egyptian bees, are members of the African group which includes the races of the Sahel and central and southern Africa. They are well adapted to the narrow band of vegetation and environment along the banks of the Nile River. Ancient Egyptians
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