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A Survey in Soweto (South Western Township) on the Available Health Services Joyce T

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A Survey in Soweto (South Western Township) on the Available Health Services Joyce T A SURVEY IN SOWETO (SOUTH WESTERN TOWNSHIP) ON THE AVAILABLE HEALTH SERVICES JOYCE T. NCALA Tutor, Baragwanath Hospital OPSOMMING ’n Opname van beskikbare gesondheidsdienste in Soweto is deur telefoniese en persoon- like onderhoude gemaak. Demografïese en sosiaal-ekonomiese inligting oor die gebied, soos oppervlakte, klimaat, bevolking, fasiliteite vir omgewingshigiëne, werksgeleenthede, onderwys en opvoeding word gegee. Die algemene gesondheidstoestand en -probleme word genoem en daarop volg ’n be- spreking van voorkomende, bevorderende, kuratiewe en ondersteunende gesondheids­ dienste. Dienste vir bejaardes word spesifiek toegelig. INTRODUCTION sight, hearing, smell, taste and touch temperature ranges between 17,5°C (1, P 67-70). and 20°C (6, p 13). Hot summer days Survey research, also known as de­ There were however a few difficul­ are sometimes accompanied by morn­ ties encountered in obtaining data: ing and afternoon rains. The soil is scriptive research, is the method where­ fertile because there are flowers, by data is collected, recorded and — obtaining exact figures was the vegetables and peach trees in most analysed. (8 p 57). The scope of this main problem with certain inter­ yards. The political climate is much survey was the health services of views — only approximate figures better than in 1976-1977. Community Soweto. The purpose was to obtain a were given; councils operate under WRAB and complete picture of the community of — telephone discussions were rather take charge of certain duties according Soweto; to update knowledge con­ too brief; to the Community Councils Act 125 of cerning health services in order to — there is no register for the voluntary 2977 (6, p 148). teach adequately; and being a citizen organisations in Soweto — most Soweto is outside the industrial area of Soweto, data collected is for the groups operate in Johannesburg for but there is a big dry cleaning factory good of my family. all citizens. under construction near Merafe Station. Soweto Bakery in Orlando is METHOD already in operation. The neighbour­ RESULTS ing farmers supply residents with fresh The method used for collecting data eggs, poultry, sheep, goats, cattle was a survey by telephone and per­ Demographic and Socio- Eco­ vegetables, milk, fruit and mealies at sonal interviews with the following: nomic Information reasonable cost. — the West Rand Administration Soweto is a large area with a dia­ There are two highways between Board (WRAB) Public Relations meter of approximately 1440 km (3; Johannesburg and Soweto. The com­ Officer; square miles) and is zoned as a black munication system includes tele­ — the Baragwanath Hospital’s Public urban area for all ethnic groups. It is phones which is a newly available ser­ Relations Officer; situated about 35 km south-west of vice for anybody who wishes to have a — a Senior Administrator of the Johannesburg and it takes 15-20 min­ telephone installed. There is also pub­ Urban Bantu Chambers, Soweto; utes to drive from the city centre to lic and private transport. Construction — the H use-keeper, Soweto Food Soweto. Soweto is bordered by and maintenance of roads and bridges Gardens, Mofolo South; secondary urban areas namely, Diep- fall under the National Roads Act (54 — the Secretary and the Senior Social kloof and Noordgesig to the east; farm of 1971) (6, p 141). Worker at Happiness House for the areas which separate Soweto from the Soweto is densely populated with Care of the Aged, Johannesburg; Randfontein area to the west; Dob- more than a million people. According — the White City Jabavu Methodist sonville to the north and Kliptown to to the 1980 census the population was and Anglian Church self-help ser­ the South — Soweto is composed of 800 000. However, this figure does not vices; eighteen areas namely; Chiawelo; agree with the impression of the people — the Senior Administrator of the Dlamini; Moletsane; Senoane; Tladi; and those in authority. The following Department of Plural Affairs, Molopo; Emdeni South; North and factors may have contributed to an Johannesburg; Extension; Naledi; Zondi 1 and 2; incorrect figure: — the Public Relations Officer of the Central Western Jabavu; White City — the misconceptions that some peo­ Protea police station, Soweto. Jabavu; Rockville; Umzimhlophe; ple always have about a census; Orlando East and West; Dube; Mofolo — many people stay in Soweto illegal­ To augment verbal reports, much Village South and North; Klipspruit; ly because of influx control; information was obtained from avail­ Jabulani and Zola 1, 2 and 3. — most gangsters, as found in all able books and brochures related to the The area has a healthy climate major cities of the world, do not subject researched, and through sub­ which favours outdoor living in all work and therefore hide during the jective observation using the senses of seasons. The mean annual surface census period; Vol 4 No 2 CURATIONIS 45 — some assistant researchers seemed atmospheric pollution is determined Environmental education whereby to be in a hurry, some copied in­ by the Atmospheric Pollution Preven­ students are made conscious of their formation from house permits; tion Act 45 of 1965. To aid in the environment, has been adopted in the — it is suspected that there are also prevention of atmospheric pollution, entire system of education, from many people from Zimbabwe and trees are planted in all open spaces. primary school to university. Regular Mozambique who adopted Zulu There are no dumping places within educational tours bring pupils into surnames and stay in Soweto il­ reach of human dwellings. All recrea­ close contact with nature (6, p 306). legally. _________ tional centres and other public places are supplied with big rubbish bins The Organic Soil Association of Soweto has mainly sub-economic which are emptied twice a week. South Africa’s Operation Grow help houses without electricity. Electricity Streets, parks and recreational Soweto people by distributing seeds, is being installed and it is hoped that centres are cleaned by a cleaning team seedlings, tools and fencing materials by the end of 1981 all houses will be employed by WRAB. All premises are to all who wish to start a garden. The electrified. This will help to prevent inspected every three months by in­ aims are to beat soaring food costs and the air pollution caused by coal stoves. spectors from WRAB. Fumigation is to dramatically improve the environ­ There are no slum areas if the area is done frequently, especially in hostels. ment. viewed against the Slums Act 66 of Food Gardens Unlimited, based in 1975 (6, p 145). Some houses are over­ Black education is provided by the Melrose, runs educational projects crowded — probably as a result of the Department of Education and Train­ providing self-help, health and nutri­ cultural belief in extended families for ing. Free compulsory education has tion education as well as creative moral support. It may not be surpris­ been introduced recently under the activity in Soweto (5, p 9). ing to find fifteen people living in a Education and Training Act 90 of four-room house. 1979. Soweto is served by more than Health education talks are also 285 schools (primary, secondary, tech­ given to various groups by health per­ To give a complete picture of the nical and teachers’ colleges) with a sonnel and voluntary workers (from socio-economic status of the people of combined enrolment of more than private or industrial organisations). Soweto, is not an easy task. This is 185 000 pupils (6, p 197). Changes in attitudes and eliminating difficult for an area with a large In 1980 the State and State aided certain misconceptions concerning number of heterogenous ethnic schools, from lower primary to senior disease and bacteria are the main elements, with different levels of secondary in the whole Johannesburg themes. People are taught to seek early socio-economic development. The area had an enrolment of approxima­ treatment, irrespective of their per­ inhabitants are however becoming in­ tely 192 937 pupils. This shows that sonal herbalists. The community is not volved in the process of providing there is a marked increase in the totally barred from going to indigenous adequate housing and thus improving proportion of children at higher healers, but they must realise the im­ the quality' of their lives. The in­ educational levels. Nevertheless, portance of receiving early medical troduction of the 99-years leasehold counselling programmes at schools treatment from their nearest clinics. system in 1978 enables Black people to have to be approached so as to also be Unemployment figures are unrelia­ obtain loans from building societies of value to early school leavers (3, p ble because these are provided for the and other financial institutions against 24). the registration of a bond. The urban whole Johannesburg area. According Blacks therefore have the right to oc­ There are 70 clubs for men, women to information from the Department cupy a site for residential, professional and children, six libraries and more of Co-operation and Development or business purposes (6, p 197). than 17 000 shops in Soweto. There are 1 517 people were unemployed during 303 churches of 70 religious denomina­ September 1980. Those who received Water supply is controlled by the tions, three big sport stadiums, 345 social security during September 1980 Rand Water Board. Control of water sports fields, three athletic tracks, 42 in the whole area of Johannesburg pollution is under the Department of tennis courts, two golf courses and 39 were as follows: Water Affairs, according to the South playgrounds in full use. There are 64 — old age pensioners: 16 228; Africa Water Act 54 of 1956 (6, p 302). crêches under WRAB and private — blind pensioners: 305; The Department of Health, Welfare organisations (6, p 197). — persons receiving disability grants: and Pensions and various provincial 6 719; administrations also have a legal There is one early learning centre at — war veterans: 108; power to control water pollution.
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