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Home , Eugenios Voulgaris, Hymn to Liberty, Philhellenism, The Free Besieged

Imagining The European rediscovery of Greek culture and its impact on the emerging Greek identity Late 18th c. - abroad influenced by: Enlightenment, Revolutions -Reflections on nation/ identity

Early 19th c. -Struggle for Independence, revolution, 1821 -

Greek Enlightenment (1750-1830)

Subdivided into three periods I. 1750-1774

Important figures of this period: - (produced philosophical work, The Apology) -

Vatopedi Monastery, Home of the Athonite Academy from 1749–1821 Greek Enlightenment (1750-1830)

II. 1774-1820 Important figures: -Dimitrios Katartzis -Rigas Velestinlis

III. 1820-30 -

Greece supported by Adamandios Korais and Rigas Velestinlis The Greek Enlightenment, mid 1700s-1821

Adamantions Korais: scholar, language reformer, wrote “Memorandum on the Present Situation of the Greeks” (of political interest – issue of archaic and demotic versions of Greek)

Friends of Korais (1811-1821): Hermes the Learned (literary magazine promoting Greek )

Greek (1831-1880)

On the glories of the Greek Revolution/War of Independence

-, national poet, is influenced by early Romanticism and Byron

-Famous for poems: (The first two stanzas constitute the Greek national ), Ode to the Death of , and

Dionysios Solomos, author of Hymn to Liberty I know you by the dreadful edge of the sword

I know you by the gaze Stanzas from that measures the land with force.

Hymn to Born from the sacred Liberty/ bones of the Greeks

Greek and brave as in the old times National Hail, oh hail, Liberty!

Anthem And brave as in the old times Hail, oh hail, Liberty!

And brave as in the old times Hail, oh hail, Liberty! Greek Romanticism(1831-1880)

- Western literature/ influences

- Greeks / Diaspora

- Translation of key texts/ education / Greek readership

- / major works

Lord Byron (1788-1824) Romantic Poet (1792-1822)

Mary Godwin-Shelley (1797-1851) Prometheus

Myth Literature Theatre & film Politics Romanticism Revolution