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Book 3: to Act : Digital Alternatives with a Cause? DIGITAL ALTERNATIVES with a cause? BOOK THREE TO ACT edited by Nishant Shah & Fieke Jansen 1 DIGITAL ALTERNATIVES with a cause? BOOK THREE TO ACT edited by Nishant Shah & Fieke Jansen Digital (Alter)Natives with a Cause? Book 3 – To Act Copyright (CC) Centre for Internet and Society / Hivos 2011 – Creative Commons Attribute-NonCommercial - ShareAlike 3.0 Netherlands License. You are free to share and make derivative works of this publication only for non-commercial purposes and under the conditions that you appropriately attribute it, and that you distribute it only under a license identical to this one. Published 2011 by the Centre for Internet and Society, Bangalore, India and Hivos Knowledge Programme, The Hague, The Netherlands © July 2011 ISBN: 978-81-922320-0-3 Authors: David Sasaki, Kara Andrade, Luiz Fernando Moncau & Eduardo Magrani, Maria del Mar Zavala, Namita Aavriti Malhotra, Nonkululeko Godana, Prabhas Pokharel Editors: Nishant Shah & Fieke Jansen Executive editor: Shweta Taneja www.staneja.com Cover photographs: Noopur Raval Design: Lucid Design India Pvt. Ltd. www.lucid.co.in Printing: Print 2 Last Solutions No. 7 Poorvi, 1st Cross | Shirdisai Nagar Bangalore 560 077 Print2last.com An online copy of this book is available for free download at http://www.cis-india.org and http://www.hivos.net 4 CONTENTS Preface 3.7 Case study Page 6 Towards 2 Way Participation Prabhas Pokharel Introduction Page 64 Page 8 Contributors 3.1 Essay Page 72 The youth-led revolutions of 1968 and 2011 David Sasaki Research Institutions Page 10 Page 76 3.2 Essay Regional Contributors Digital natives and policy making: thoughts on Page 77 participation Luiz Fernando Moncau, Eduardo Magrani Page 27 3.3 Case study Change is yelling. Are you listening? Nonkululeko Godana Page 38 3.4 Reflection We are our history Kara Andrade Page 41 3.5 Case study Youth and technology: An unstoppable force Maria del Mar Zavala Page 46 3.6 Essay Time, space and digital continuums: Digital video politics Namita Aavriti Malhotra Page 54 5 and popular discourse around an increasing usage, adoption and integration of digital technologies in PREFACE processes of social and political change. In 2010-11, three workshops in Taiwan, South Africa and Chile, brought together around 80 people who identified themselves as Digital Natives from Asia, Africa and Latin America, to explore certain key In the 21st Century, we have witnessed the questions that could provide new insight into Digital simultaneous growth of internet and digital Natives research, policy and practice. The workshops technologies on the one hand, and political protests were accompanied by a Thinkathon – a multi- and mobilisation on the other. Processes of stakeholder summit that initiated conversations interpersonal relationships, social communication, between Digital Natives, academic researchers, economic expansion, political protocols and scholars, practitioners, educators, policy makers governmental mediation are undergoing a significant and corporate representatives to share learnings transition, across in the world, in developed and on new questions: Is one born digital or does one emerging Information and Knowledge societies. become a Digital Native? How do we understand our relationship with the idea of a Digital Native? How do The young are often seen as forerunners of these Digital Natives redefine ‘change’ and how do they see changes because of the pervasive and persistent themselves implementing it? What is the role that presence of digital and online technologies in their technologies play in defining civic action and social lives. In popular discourse and practice around these movements? What are the relationships that these young people and their digitally-mediated lives, technology-based identities and practices have with there has been the imagination of a digital native – existing social movements and political legacies? somebody who is born ‘with’ technologies. This idea How do we build new frameworks of sustainable of Digital Native has been helpful in looking at the citizen action outside of institutionalisation? new practices of knowledge production, community building, sharing, participation and collaboration One of the knowledge gaps that this book tries to that have emerged with the rise and spread of digital address is the lack of digital natives’ voices in the and internet technologies. However, more often than discourse around them. In the occasions that they are not, these young people are imagined as inhabiting a part of the discourse, they are generally represented certain bodies – White, middle class, educated, by other actors who define the frameworks and English-speaking, (mostly) male elites who live in decide the issues which are important. Hence, more environments of portable and pervasive computing. often than not, most books around digital natives Their practices and engagements with technologies concentrate on similar sounding areas and topics, are taken as the norm by which the policy and which might not always resonate with the concerns research in other parts of the world is also framed. that digital natives and other stake-holders might be engaged with in their material and discursive practice. The Digital Natives with a Cause? is a research The methodology of the workshops was designed inquiry that shifts the parameters of this imagination keeping this in mind. Instead of asking the digital and uncovers the ways in which young people in natives to give their opinion or recount a story about emerging internet and communication technology what we felt was important, we began by listening to (ICT) contexts make strategic use of technologies to their articulations about what was at stake for them bring about change in their immediate environments. as e-agents of change. As a result, the usual topics Ranging from personal stories of transformation like piracy, privacy, cyber-bullying, sexting etc. which to efforts at collective change, it aims to identify automatically map digital natives discourse, are knowledge gaps that existing scholarship, practice conspicuously absent from this book. Their absence 6 is not deliberate, but more symptomatic of how these engage with digital natives, it is also, necessary to themes that we presumed as important were not of connect it with the real life practices that are reshaping immediate concerns to most of the participants in the the world. Case-studies, reflections and experiences workshop who are contributing to the book. of people engaged in processes of change, provide a rich empirical data set which is further analysed to The conversations, research inquiries, reflections, look at what it means to be a digital native in emerging discussions, interviews, and art practices are information and technology contexts. consolidated in this four part book which deviates from the mainstream imagination of the young people The last section, To Connect, recognises the fact that involved in processes of change. The alternative digital natives do not operate in vacuum. It might be positions, defined by geo-politics, gender, sexuality, valuable to maintain the distinction between digital class, education, language, etc. find articulations natives and immigrants, but this distinction does not from people who have been engaged in the practice mean that there are no relationships between them and discourse of technology mediated change. Each as actors of change. The section focuses on the digital part concentrates on one particular theme that helps native ecosystem to look at the complex assemblage bring coherence to a wide spectrum of style and of relationships that support and are amplified by content. these new processes of technologised change. The first part, titled To Be, looks at the questions of We see this book as entering into a dialogue with the digital native identities. Are digital natives the same growing discourse and practice in the field of youth, everywhere? What does it mean to call a certain technology and change. The ambition is to look at the population ‘Digital Natives”? Can we also look at digital (alter)natives as located in the Global South people who are on the fringes – Digital Outcasts, for and the potentials for social change and political example? Is it possible to imagine technology-change participation that is embedded in their interactions relationships not only through questions of access through and with digital and internet technologies. and usage but also through personal investments We hope that the book furthers the idea of a context- and transformations? The contributions help chart based digital native identity and practice, which the history, explain the contemporary and give challenges the otherwise universalist understanding ideas about what the future of technology mediated that seems to be the popular operative right now. We identities is going to be. see this as the beginning of a knowledge inquiry that incites new discussions, invokes cross-sectorial and In the second section, To Think, the contributors disciplinary debates, and consolidates knowledges engage with new frameworks of understanding the about digital (alter)natives and how they work in the processes, logistics, politics and mechanics of digital present to change our futures. natives and causes. Giving fresh perspectives which draw from digital aesthetics, digital natives’ everyday Nishant Shah practices, and their own research into the design Fieke Jansen and mechanics of technology mediated change, the contributors
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