Global Reader Volume 2 | 2018
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Boko Haram Beyond the Headlines: Analyses of Africa’S Enduring Insurgency
Boko Haram Beyond the Headlines: Analyses of Africa’s Enduring Insurgency Editor: Jacob Zenn Boko Haram Beyond the Headlines: Analyses of Africa’s Enduring Insurgency Jacob Zenn (Editor) Abdulbasit Kassim Elizabeth Pearson Atta Barkindo Idayat Hassan Zacharias Pieri Omar Mahmoud Combating Terrorism Center at West Point United States Military Academy www.ctc.usma.edu The views expressed in this report are the authors’ and do not necessarily reflect those of the Combating Terrorism Center, United States Military Academy, Department of Defense, or U.S. Government. May 2018 Cover Photo: A group of Boko Haram fighters line up in this still taken from a propaganda video dated March 31, 2016. COMBATING TERRORISM CENTER ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Director The editor thanks colleagues at the Combating Terrorism Center at West Point (CTC), all of whom supported this endeavor by proposing the idea to carry out a LTC Bryan Price, Ph.D. report on Boko Haram and working with the editor and contributors to see the Deputy Director project to its rightful end. In this regard, I thank especially Brian Dodwell, Dan- iel Milton, Jason Warner, Kristina Hummel, and Larisa Baste, who all directly Brian Dodwell collaborated on the report. I also thank the two peer reviewers, Brandon Kend- hammer and Matthew Page, for their input and valuable feedback without which Research Director we could not have completed this project up to such a high standard. There were Dr. Daniel Milton numerous other leaders and experts at the CTC who assisted with this project behind-the-scenes, and I thank them, too. Distinguished Chair Most importantly, we would like to dedicate this volume to all those whose lives LTG (Ret) Dell Dailey have been afected by conflict and to those who have devoted their lives to seeking Class of 1987 Senior Fellow peace and justice. -
The Case of Somalia (1960-2001)
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) State collapse and post-conflict development in Africa : the case of Somalia (1960-2001) Mohamoud, A. Publication date 2002 Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Mohamoud, A. (2002). State collapse and post-conflict development in Africa : the case of Somalia (1960-2001). Thela Thesis. General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam (https://dare.uva.nl) Download date:28 Sep 2021 Chapterr four Thee Pitfalls of Colonialism and Public Pursuit 4.1.. Introduction Thiss chapter traces how the change brought about by the colonial imposition led to the primacyy of the public pursuit in Somali politics over a century. The colonial occupation of Somaliaa not only transformed the political economy of Somali society as transformationists emphasizee but also split the Somali people and their territories.74 Therefore, as I will argue in thiss study, the multiple partitioning of the country is one of the key determinants that fundamentallyy account for the destructive turn of events in Somalia at present. -
UCLA Ufahamu: a Journal of African Studies
UCLA Ufahamu: A Journal of African Studies Title The Emergence and Role of Political Parties in the Inter-River Region of Somalia from 1947-1960 Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7h11k656 Journal Ufahamu: A Journal of African Studies, 17(2) ISSN 0041-5715 Author Mukhtar, Mohammed Haji Publication Date 1989 DOI 10.5070/F7172016882 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California The Emergence and Role of Political Parties in the Inter River Region of Somalia From 1947 to 1960 (Independence) by Mohamed H. Mukhw Somalia has enjoyed a unique role in the history of African nationalism. As the only country in Africa whose population is vinually homogeneous, most speak a common language, all are Muslims and claim to be relaled to a common (or several common) distant ancestors. One might therefore expect thai its independence movement would have been more unified than those ofother African territories where tribal and regional differences came to be reflected in political party groupings after World War Il. Also Somalia was the only country to be partitioned seveml times: once at the end of the 19th century during the scramble for Africa and again in the 1940's following the break-up of the lIalian East African Empire. This would seem to have been another factor that unified Somalis in a sense ofcommon nationalism. However, the drive for Somali independence gave rise to not just one but several political parties. Were these panies based on regional or "tribal" differences of a particular Somali son? Did they have differtnt views ofSomali nationalism and self-government? These questions are difficuh to answer, not only because source materials are limited but also because one Somali party, the Somali Youth League (SYL), came to dominate the political scene in the 1950's and was the majority party at the time of Somali independence in 1960. -
SOMALI DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC Document Date: 1981
Date Printed: 01/15/2009 JTS Box Number: IFES 30 Tab Number: 1 Document Title: CONSTITUTIONS OF THE COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD: SOMALI DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC Document Date: 1981 Document Country: SOM Documen t Language: ENG IFES 10: CON00170 44-II~ I~ 433I~II ~II ~/SOM /lq<il JOOI /0-'j . " SOMALIA . • CONSTITUTIONS OF THE COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD Editors ALBERT P. BLAUSTEIN & GISBERT 1-1. FLANZ SOMALI DEMOCRATIC • REPUBLIC by MARTIN R. GANZGLASS Issued November 1981 • Oceana Publications. Inc. Dobbs Ferry. New York 5 0 MAL I D E Moe RAT I C REP U B LIe The Somali Democratic Republic (Somalia) is a "union" of two former colonies. The Northern Region CONTENTS comprises the former British territory known as the Somali land Protectorate. The Southern Region com • prises the former Italian Sornaliland which, after World War II, became a United Nations Trust Terri tory. CONSTITUTIONAL CHRONOLOGY Till': CONSTITUTION 1889 Following treaties with local Sultans, Britain proclaimed the Sornaliland ,INNOT,I'I'FIl BIBLIOGRAPHY Protectorate over the Northern Regions of Hargeisa and Burao. This became ~<the Northern Region of what is now Somalla. The Protectorate also included the Baud which became part of Ethiopia in 1955. The Protectorate, located at the southern end of the Red Sea, was on the direct route from England to India via the Suez Canal. 1894 Tripartite Accord was reached by Great' Britain, Italy and Ethiopia over other Somali territories. Italian control was established over an area on the Indian Ocean to a point south of Mogadishu. • This became Italian Somaliland and the Southern Regions of what is now Somalia. -
Political Culture and Risk Analysis: 36 an Outline of Somalia, Tunisia, and Libya M
Call for Submissions MCU Journal Marine Corps University Press (MCUP) publishes full-length mono- graphs and a scholarly journal focusing on contemporary issues. The editors are looking for articles to publish in the MCU Journal on top- ics of concern to the Marine Corps and the Department of Defense through the lens of various disciplines, including international rela- tions, political science, and security studies. For the 2017 publishing year, we are looking for new, engaged book reviewers as well as proposals or submissions for a possible special issue on global health concerns and policy. MCU Journal is a peer-reviewed journal, and submissions should be 4,000–10,000 words, footnoted, and formatted according to Chicago Manual of Style (16th edition). Junior faculty and advanced graduate students are encouraged to submit. MCUP is also looking for book reviewers from international studies, political science, and contempo- rary history fields. To receive a copy of the journal or to discuss an article idea or book review, please contact acquisitions editor Alexandra Kindell at [email protected]. Cover: Fighters of the Ras Kimboni Brigade, a Somali government-allied militia, wait in a thicket on a machine- gun-mounted battle wagon to join troops from the Kenyan contingent of the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) during an advance on the Somali port city of Kismayo. Courtesy of AMISOM. Published by Marine Corps University Press 111 South Street | Quantico, VA 22134 MARINE CORPS UNIVERSITY Established in 2008, Marine Corps University Press BGen Thomas A. Gorry, USMC (MCUP) recognizes the importance of an open dia- President logue between scholars, policy makers, analysts, and military leaders and of crossing civilian-military bound- Col Scott E. -
Domestic Terrorism in Africa
DOMESTIC TERRORISM IN AFRICA: DOMESTIC TERRORISM IN AFRICA: DEFINING, ADDRESSING AND UNDERSTANDING ITS IMPACT ON HUMAN SECURITY DEFINING, ADDRESSING AND UNDERSTANDING ITS IMPACT ON HUMAN SECURITY Terrorism Studies & Research Program ISS Head Offi ce Block D, Brooklyn Court, VealVeale Street New Muckleneuk,, PrPretoria Tel: (27-12) 346 9500 Fax:Fa (27-12) 346 9570 E-mail: iss@[email protected] ISS AdAddis Ababa Offi ce FirsFirst Floor, Ki-Ab Building, Alexander Pushkin Street, Pushkin Square, Addis Ababa Tell:(: (251-1111)3) 37272-1154/5/6 Fax:(: (251-1111)3) 372 5954 E-mail: addisababa@is@ safrica.orgg ISS Cape Town Offi ce 67 Roeland Square, Drury Lane Gardens Cape Town 8001 South Africa TTel:(: (27-27 21) 46171 7211 Fax: (27-2121)4) 461 7213 E-mail: [email protected] ISS Nairobi Offi ce 5h5th Flloooor, LanddmarkPk Pllaza Argwings Kodhekek RRoad, Nairobi, Kenya Tel: (254 -20) 300 5726/8 FaxFax: (254-20) 271 2902 E-mail: [email protected] ISS Pretoria Offi ce Block C, Brooklyn Court, Veale Street New Muckleneuk, Pretoria Tel: (27-12) 346 9500 Fax: (27-12) 460 0998 Edited by Wafula Okumu and Anneli Botha E-mail: [email protected] Wafula Okumu and Anneli Botha www.issafrica.org 5 and 6 November 2007 This publication was made possible through funding provided by the ISBN 978-1-920114-80-0 Norwegian Government. In addition, general Institute funding is provided by the Governments of Denmark, the Netherlands, Norway and Sweden. 9 781920 114800 Terrorism Studies & Research Program As a leading African human security research institution, the Institute for Security Studies (ISS) works towards a stable and peaceful Africa characterised by sustainable development, human rights, the rule of law, democracy, collaborative security and gender mainstreaming. -
Understan Ding Terrorism in Africa
UNDERSTAN How much of a threat is ISIS? DING BY TERRORISM HUSSEIN SOLOMON IN AFRICA: 6May 18, 2015 INTRODUCTION • Terrorism spreading and intensifying across Africa • Almost 3 terrorist incidents per day taking place • 22 African countries targeted by terrorists • This despite US AFRICOM activities, AMISOM in Somalia, French-West African Forces in Mali, as well as various national efforts at CT • Traditional CT with its emphasis on the military, its state-centric approach, its superficial and ahistorical approach to terrorism is counterproductive • Moreover, in an era of ISIS, these failures are compounded by the political correctness on the part of governments as well as the inability to truly build truly regional and global counter-terrorism regimes BETWEEN CLAN AND FAITH IN SOMALIA • Primacy of clan and sub-clan politics as opposed to “nation-state” contributing to the No. 1 spot Somalia enjoys on Failed State Index • Popular Somali proverb: “Me and my clan against the world; Me and my family against my clan; me and my brother against my family; Me against my brother” • At the same time various attempt to unite Somalis using Islam but against foreigners (destructive nation-building), e.g. Imam Ahmed Ibrahim al Ghazi (1506-1543) led Muslim Somalia against Christian Abyssinia (Ethiopia) and Sayyid Mohammed Abdulla Hassan’s jihad from 1900 to 1920 against British and Ethiopian colonizers to foster Somali nationalism and overcome clan differences AL SHABAAB • Al Shabaab also seeking to galvanize the Somali population behind them for a united -
Somalia's Struggle to Integrate Traditional and Modern Governance: the 4.5 Formula and 2012 Provisional Constitution
American University in Cairo AUC Knowledge Fountain Theses and Dissertations 2-1-2019 Somalia's struggle to integrate traditional and modern governance: The 4.5 formula and 2012 provisional constitution Nasteha Ahmed Follow this and additional works at: https://fount.aucegypt.edu/etds Recommended Citation APA Citation Ahmed, N. (2019).Somalia's struggle to integrate traditional and modern governance: The 4.5 formula and 2012 provisional constitution [Master’s thesis, the American University in Cairo]. AUC Knowledge Fountain. https://fount.aucegypt.edu/etds/511 MLA Citation Ahmed, Nasteha. Somalia's struggle to integrate traditional and modern governance: The 4.5 formula and 2012 provisional constitution. 2019. American University in Cairo, Master's thesis. AUC Knowledge Fountain. https://fount.aucegypt.edu/etds/511 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by AUC Knowledge Fountain. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of AUC Knowledge Fountain. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The American University in Cairo School of Global Affairs and Public Policy SOMALIA’S STRUGGLE TO INTEGRATE TRADITIONAL AND MODERN GOVERNANCE: THE 4.5 FORMULA AND 2012 PROVISIONAL CONSTITUTION A Project Submitted by Nasteha Mohamud Ahmed Submitted to the Public Policy and Administration Department Summer 2018 In partial fulfillment of the requirements for The degree of Master of Global Affairs has been approved by Dr. Allison Hodgkins _______________________________ Project Supervisor Affiliation: The American University in Cairo Date ____________________ Dr. Marco Pinfari _______________________________ Project Reader Affiliation: The American University in Cairo Date ____________________ Dr. Shahjahan H. Bhuiyan _______________________________ Project Second Reader Affiliation: The American University in Cairo Date ____________________ Dr. -
David D. Laitin
DAVID D. LAITIN Born: 4 June, 1945, Brooklyn, New York Department of Political Science Stanford University Stanford CA 94305-6044 [email protected] Telephone: (650) 725-9556 (office); (650) 954-4882 (mobile); 723-1808 (fax) CURRICULUM VITAE EDUCATION B.A. Swarthmore College, 1967 (High Honors in Political Science) M.A. University of California, Berkeley, 1968 (Political Science) Ph.D. University of California, Berkeley, 1974 (Political Science) EMPLOYMENT 1968, 1972 Teaching Assistant in Political Science, Berkeley 1969 Instructor, National Teacher Education Center, Afgoy, Somalia 1970-71 Master: Grenada Boys' Secondary School, West Indies 1974-75 Lecturer: Departments of Political Science at the University of California, Berkeley and Davis 1975-87 Assistant Professor; Associate Professor (1979); Professor (1984); Chairman (1986): Department of Political Science, University of California, San Diego 1987--1998 Professor of Political Science and Director of the Center for the Study of Politics, History and Culture, University of Chicago 1992-1998 The William R. Kenan Jr. Professor of Political Science and the College at the University of Chicago 1999-- Professor of Political Science, Stanford University 2003-- The James T. Watkins IV and Elise V. Watkins Professor of Political Science at Stanford University HONORS AND AWARDS Phi Beta Kappa, Swarthmore College, 1967 Master's Essay Prize, Berkeley, 1968 Advanced to candidacy with "distinction", May, 1972 Best dissertation in political theory, Berkeley, 1974 Best dissertation 1974, Western Political Science Association (co-winner) First Annual Alumni Teaching Award, 1977, Alumni of U.C. San Diego Invitation to the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, 1983 German Marshall Fund Research Fellow, 1984-85 Howard Foundation Fellow, 1984-85 Invitation to the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, N.J., 1989-90 (declined) Awarded the William F. -
“Global Terrorism Index: 2015.” Institute for Economics and Peace
MEASURING AND UNDERSTANDING THE IMPACT OF TERRORISM Quantifying Peace and its Benefits The Institute for Economics and Peace (IEP) is an independent, non-partisan, non-profit think tank dedicated to shifting the world’s focus to peace as a positive, achievable, and tangible measure of human well-being and progress. IEP achieves its goals by developing new conceptual frameworks to define peacefulness; providing metrics for measuring peace; and uncovering the relationships between business, peace and prosperity as well as promoting a better understanding of the cultural, economic and political factors that create peace. IEP has offices in Sydney, New York and Mexico City. It works with a wide range of partners internationally and collaborates with intergovernmental organizations on measuring and communicating the economic value of peace. For more information visit www.economicsandpeace.org SPECIAL THANKS to the National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) headquartered at the University of Maryland for their cooperation on this study and for providing the Institute for Economics and Peace with their Global Terrorism Database (GTD) datasets on terrorism. CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2 ABOUT THE GLOBAL TERRORISM INDEX 6 1 RESULTS 9 Global Terrorism Index map 10 Terrorist incidents map 12 Ten countries most impacted by terrorism 20 Terrorism compared to other forms of violence 30 2 TRENDS 33 Changes in the patterns and characteristics of terrorist activity 34 Terrorist group trends 38 Foreign fighters in Iraq -
The Nation State a Wrong Model for the Horn of Africa Edition Open Access
The Nation State A Wrong Model for the Horn of Africa Edition Open Access Series Editors Ian T. Baldwin, Gerd Graßhoff, Jürgen Renn, Dagmar Schäfer, Robert Schlögl, Bernard F. Schutz Edition Open Access Development Team Lindy Divarci, Sylvia Szenti, Klaus Thoden The Edition Open Access (EOA) platform was founded to bring together publication ini tiatives seeking to disseminate the results of scholarly work in a format that combines tra ditional publications with the digital medium. It currently hosts the openaccess publica tions of the “Max Planck Research Library for the History and Development of Knowledge” (MPRL) and “Edition Open Sources” (EOS). EOA is open to host other open access initia tives similar in conception and spirit, in accordance with the Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in the sciences and humanities, which was launched by the Max Planck Society in 2003. By combining the advantages of traditional publications and the digital medium, the platform offers a new way of publishing research and of studying historical topics or current issues in relation to primary materials that are otherwise not easily available. The volumes are available both as printed books and as online open access publications. They are directed at scholars and students of various disciplines, as well as at a broader public interested in how science shapes our world. The Nation State A Wrong Model for the Horn of Africa John Markakis, Günther Schlee, and John Young Studies 14 Max Planck Research Library for the History and Development of Knowledge Studies 14 Cover Image: The wrong model: Nation states as islands. -
Migration, Transnational Crime and Terrorism: Exploring the Nexus in Europe and Southeast Asia by Cameron Sumpter and Joseph Franco
PERSPECTIVES ON TERRORISM Volume 12, Issue 5 Migration, Transnational Crime and Terrorism: Exploring the Nexus in Europe and Southeast Asia by Cameron Sumpter and Joseph Franco Abstract Theories of a crime-terror nexus are well established in the literature. Often conceptualised along a continuum, relationships between organisations range from contracting services and the appropriation of tactics, to complete mergers or even role changes. Recent irregular migrant movements have added to the nexus, providing financial opportunities to criminal enterprises and creating grievances and heated debate that has fuelled the anger of ideological groups. In Europe, terrorist organisations have worked with and sometimes emulated organised crime syndicates through involvement in the trafficking of drugs, people, weapons and antiquities. In Southeast Asia, conflict areas provide the backdrop for cross-border drug trafficking and kidnap-for-ransom activities, while extremist groups both commit crimes for profit and target criminals for recruitment. Keywords: Crime-Terror nexus, organised crime, terrorism, migration, Europe, Southeast Asia Introduction Links between criminality and violent ideological groups have existed for decades. Hezbollah has been active in Latin America since the 1980s, when it began working with drug cartels to raise funds for operations and the purchase of arms.[1] The organised-crime-plagued Paraguayan city of Ciudad del Este near the border with Brazil and Argentina has long played host to Islamist groups such as the Egyptian