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Monguor; Sketch Grammar of the Karlong Variety

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Monguor; Sketch Grammar of the Karlong Variety SKETCH GRAMMAR OF THE KARLONG VARIETY OF MONGGHUL, AND DIALECTAL SURVEY OF MONGGHUL A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE DIVISION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAIT IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN LINGUISTICS DECEMBER 2007 By Burgel R.M. Faehndrich Dissertation Committee: Alexander Vovin, Chairperson Robert Blust Kenneth Rehg David Stampe Virginia Bennett Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. UMI Number: 3302132 Copyright 2007 by Faehndrich, Burgel R.M. All rights reserved. INFORMATION TO USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleed-through, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. ® UMI UMI Microform 3302132 Copyright 2008 by ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 E. Eisenhower Parkway PO Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. © 2007, Burgel R.M. Faehndrich iii Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The number of people who helped me in the course of my research, providing language information, translation, advice, and practical support is too great for me to list everyone individually. I can only list some of them here. Nevertheless, I thank all of them very much, since without their support I would not have been able to complete (or even start) this work. I especially thank all members of the Monguor speech community for their assistance. Especially I would like to thank my two main teachers from Fulaan Nura, Lamikar of Wushi township, and Lamikar of Hongyazigou township, and my teachers from the Ledu area, Li Gendshjia, Li Alghundurji, and Li Dujicirang, and Li Young Sheng. For Tianzhu data I would like to thank a young woman from Dawan, Qi Shengqin, and a grandmother from Dawan. Thanks go to my translators, for their tireless and patient help with elicitation session, transcriptions and translations. They are Wen Xiangcheng, from Minhe, Qinghai, and a young woman from Tianzhu, Gansu. I also thank Ha Mingzong, Qi Yinghua and Rose for additional translations for material used in this dissertation. For invaluable practical and linguistic support I would like to thank Limusishiden and Kevin Stuart. For advice and practical support I thank Juha Janhunen and Stefan Georg. I am grateful to my dissertation committee for their advice and support: Alexander Vovin, Virginia Bennett, Robert Blust, David Stampe, Kenneth Rehg. Thanks for Chinese translations go to Tsz-Him Tsui, Tracy Tang, Karen Huang, Wen-Wei Han, Nian Liu, and Dorinda Liu. For Qinghaihua translation I thank Khadijia Niu. For Japanese translation I thank Mie Hiramoto. And lastly, for help with English I would like to thank Jason Lobel, James Crippen. All these people have provided help, advice, and answers. Needless to say, any mistakes are of course my own responsibility. Many thanks to the Hans Rausing Endangered Languages Project at the University of London School of Oriental and African Studies for their generous funding of my research. iv Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. I would like to thank my mother Maria Faehndrich for her support over the years as I worked my way towards the Ph.D. And last but not least I would like to thank Jonathan Levy for his unfailing help and support. v Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ABSTRACT This dissertation is a sketch grammar of the Karlong variety of Mongghul, an endangered language of the Qinghai-Gansu Sprachbund. It includes a description of phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, lexicon, and the socio-linguistic situation, and short discussions of classification and language contact. The dissertation also includes a concise survey of the phonology and morphology of known Mongghul varieties, as well as a short Karlong dictionary and a corpus of Karlong texts. vi Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.................................... iv ABSTRACT.......................................................................................................................vi LIST OF TABLES.........................................................................................................xxiv LIST OF FIGURES.......................................................................................................xxvi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS.......................................................................... xxvii CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION........................................................................................ 1 1.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................... 1 1.1.1 Preliminaries ................................................................................................... 1 1.1.2 Language Consultants ...................................................................................... 3 1.1.3 Technical Information ...................................................................................... 4 1.1.4 Position of Mongghul in the Mongolic Language Family .............................. 4 1.1.4.1 Genetic classifications .............................................................................5 1.1.4.2 Areal relationships ........................................... 10 1.1.5 Mongghul V arieties........................................................................................11 1.1.5.1 Previous Classification of Mongghul Varieties ......................................11 1.1.6 Discussion of Mongghul Varieties ................................................................ 14 1.1.6.1 Naringhol ............................................................................................... 14 1.1.6.2 Halchighol .............................................................................................. 15 1.1.6.3 Karlong .............................................. 15 1.1.6.4 Tianzhu ................................................................................................. 16 1.1.6.5 Datong .....................................................................................................16 1.1.6.6 Menyuan .................................................................................................17 1.1.6.7 Ping’an ....................................................................................................17 1.2 History............................................................................................................... 17 CHAPTER II. LITERATURE REVIEW......................................................................... 19 vii Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 11.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................. 19 11.2 Early Sources...................:................................................................................19 11.3 Ethnography and History ...................................................................................19 11.4 Grammar and Overall Descriptions ..................................................................20 II. 5 Phonetics and Phonology ...............................................................................21 II. 6 Texts......................................................................................................22 II. 7 Dictionaries, Vocabularies and Wordlists .............................................24 II. 8 Language Contact / Sprachbund ............................................................25 II. 9 Dialectology ..........................................................................................27 II. 10 Orthography ....................................................................................................... 28 II. 11 Current research ................................................................................................. 28 II. 12 Conclusion ........................................................................................................ 28 CHAPTER III. PHONOLOGY........................................................................................29 III. 1 Introduction .......................................................................................................29 III. 1.1 Notes on Terminology ..............................................................................29 III. 1.2 Notes on Transcription ..............................................................................29 Table 1. IP A Equivalents of Consonants in Cited Sources ............................ 31 Table 2. IPA Equivalents
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