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Swahili-English Dictionary, the First New Lexical Work for English Speakers

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Swahili-English Dictionary, the First New Lexical Work for English Speakers S W AHILI-E N GLISH DICTIONARY Charles W. Rechenbach Assisted by Angelica Wanjinu Gesuga Leslie R. Leinone Harold M. Onyango Josiah Florence G. Kuipers Bureau of Special Research in Modern Languages The Catholic University of Americ a Prei Washington. B. C. 20017 1967 INTRODUCTION The compilers of this Swahili-English dictionary, the first new lexical work for English speakers in many years, hope that they are offering to students and translators a more reliable and certainly a more up-to-date working tool than any previously available. They trust that it will prove to be of value to libraries, researchers, scholars, and governmental and commercial agencies alike, whose in- terests and concerns will benefit from a better understanding and closer communication with peoples of Africa. The Swahili language (Kisuiahili) is a Bantu language spoken by perhaps as many as forty mil- lion people throughout a large part of East and Central Africa. It is, however, a native or 'first' lan- guage only in a nnitp restricted area consisting of the islands of Zanzibar and Pemba and the oppo- site coast, roughly from Dar es Salaam to Mombasa, Outside this relatively small territory, elsewhere in Kenya, in Tanzania (formerly Tanganyika), Copyright © 1968 and to a lesser degree in Uganda, in the Republic of the Congo, and in other fringe regions hard to delimit, Swahili is a lingua franca of long standing, a 'second' (or 'third' or 'fourth') language enjoy- ing a reasonably well accepted status as a supra-tribal or supra-regional medium of communication. THE CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF AMERICA PRESS, INC. Its chief competitor in this function is English, and English is of course a formidable competi- tor indeed in Kenya and Tanzania and particularly in Uganda. The competitors are both English and All Rights Reserved Luganda in Uganda, both French and Lingala in the Congo. In the long view, the future of Swahili is difficult to predict; but, for the present, its position appears to be more stable than that of any other African language. The older literature of the language, written in Arabic characters, goes back to the seventeenth century and includes a wide range of subject matter and forms, from poetry to chronicles and history. Library of Congress Catalog Number 67-3143 8' There is an abundance of modern material, including perhaps a thousand titles in short stories, poet- ry, scholarly works, and text books for elementary and secondary schools. Swahili can no longer be considered in the category of the 'rarer' languages. There are several Swahili newspapers as well as various commercial media in circulation, and there is an abundance of excellent teaching aids, such as E.V. Parrott's Teach Yourself Swahili (The English Universities Press Ltd., London). The East African Literature Bureau of Nairobi has published a great many Swahili titles, and Longmans, Green and Company Ltd., London, should also be mentioned as having made much educational mate- rial available in the language. In view of these resources, the compilers of this dictionary have not felt it necessary or advis- able to expand the volume with phonetic or grammatical aids. This volume is primarily and specific- ally a word source for readers and translators. Like all subsequent compilations, it builds gratefully upon the Standard Swahili-English and English-Swahili Dictionary in two volumes, prepared under the direction of Frederick Johnson and published by the Oxford University Press in 1939. The pres- ent dictionary has critically reappraised the entire word-stock of the language, modernizing and aug- menting from many sources. It brings the vocabulary up to date, including the fantastic developments since World War II. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The compilers are moved by piety and by a sense of real and deep indebtedness when they ac- knowledge the long line of earlier toilers in this particular vineyard: Krapf, Steere, Madan, Johnson (and his many associates), Sacleux, Olderogge, and Hoftmann.* They wish also to acknowledge the very substantial assistance of Miss Barbara Dudley and Mr. Harold A. Goldklang, who furnished lists of new entries and of new senses for old entries drawn from their long experience in reading contemporary Swahili texts of many kinds. They must finally express their very great obligation to Messrs. Harry Goff and Eugene R, Gar- nett, who prepared the final lexl uf the dictionary, and tc the Right Reverend James A. Maener and other officials of the Catholic University of America Press, who have given it a handsome and practi- cal outward form. *See Marcel van Spaandonck, Practical and Systematical Swahili Bibliography, Linguistics 1850- 1963. Leiden (E.J. Brill), 1965. A NOTE ON THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE DICTIONARY SIGNS AND ABBREVIATIONS 1. Derivative verb (applicative, causative, etc.) are listed under the base form of the forms * foreign loanword (from Arabic aux., auxil. auxiliary verb. When the base form is not in current use, the derivative forms appear as separate entries. unless otherwise specified) av. aviation In cases where derivative forms are much commoner than, or differ drastically in sense from, the (— ) plural the same as singular base verb, they also appear as separate entries. (i.e., without prefix) Bibl. Biblical 2. Derivative nouns (formed with the prefixes Id-, m-, u-, etc.) appear in the normal alphabeti- < derived from... biol. biological term cal order of the prefix, with a cross-reference to the base word. = (more or less) synonymous with... bot. botanical term 3. At the end of the entry for each base word there is an alphabetical list of derivative words ahhr. abbreviation, abbreviated as... caus. causative (if any) appearing as main entries in this dictionary: Cf. ... abs. absolute chem. chemistry 4. Words of Arabic origin are likewise cross-referenced to derivative or related words. = adj. adjective Christ. Christian (as opposed to parentheses: ...) 5. Common synonyms of rare entries are given in ( Muslim) usage adv. adverb(ial) in the indications sing, 6. Each noun is followed by its plural prefix parentheses or by or pi. cl. class if the entry is commonly used only in the singular or in the plural. The indication (—) after an entry affirm, affirmative coll. colloquial means that the entry is a noun having in the plural the same form as in the singular. Afr. Afrikaans collec. collective agr., agric. agriculture comm. communist terminology = amplic. amplicative ( augmentative) conj. conjunction anat. anatomical conn, connective anth. anthropology consec. consecutive app. approximately cont. contactive appl. applicative contr. contrast(ed) approx. approximately Ar. Arabic cul. culinary arch, archaic dem., demon, demonstrative arith. arithmetic derog. derogatory ass. associative det. determinative astr., astron. astronomy dial, dialectal augm., augment, augmentative dimin. diminutive auto, automotive term dur. durative econ. economics interr., interrog. interrogative num. numeral pron. pronoun oh\. object prov. proverb elec. electricity intr. intransitive obs. obsolete psych, psychology emph. emphatic inv. inversive onom. onomatopoeic punct. punctuation encl. enclitic Isl. (term usually restricted to) Islamic (contexts) opp. (as) opposed (in meaning to...) railw. railway term Engl. English Jap. Japanese opt. optics rec. recent esp. especially jur. jurisprudence orig. originally red. reduplicated, reduplication eth., ethn. ethnology hat. Latin ornith. ornithology ref. reference euph. euphemism leg. legal term pari, parliamentary term re/7, reflexive expr. expression ling, linguistics part, particle rel. religious feminine lit. literal(ly) fern, pass, passive relat. relative liter, literary fig. figurative(ly) pej., pejor. pejorative Russ. Russian loc. locative fin. finance pers. person, personal sing, (occurring commonly only in the) singular Lug. Luganda foil, following Pers. Persian si, slang Mai. Malay Fr. French pharm. pharmaceutical term Span. Spanish masc. masculine phon. phonetics gen. general(ly) stat. stative math, mathematics phot, photography geogr. geographical term suffix(ed) mech. mechanics suff. phy. physiology geom. geometry tech. technology med. medical term phys. physics Germ. German tr., trans, transitive meteor, meteorology pi., plur. (occurring commonly only gramm. grammatical term in the) plural Turk. Turkish mil. military pol. political term hist, historical typ. typography min. mining, mineralogy polyg. (term relating to the practice id. ideophone us. usually mod. modern of) polygamy imp., imper. imperative v. verb Port. Portuguese mus. music Ind. Indian (Hindi, Gujerati, etc.) vulg. vulgar poss. possessive myth, mythology indef. indefinite pr. proper (noun) w. with n. noun inf. infinitive prep, preposition(al) zool. zoology naut. nautical int. intensive prob. probable, probably Zu. Zulu neg. negative interj. interjection a, aa, ah inter), expressing surprise, joy, 2 a biria* (ma-) passenger, meli ya -. ain ' P passenger ship, motakaa ya — . bus. gari la — . passenger train, motokaa aali* adj. good, excellent, first-class. ya __ tax j b USci Cf. abiri. aasi* see lasi. * l abu ( _) Uten father> (= Da ba.) abadan* 1. adv. never, hawatakuja kwetu abudi* (— ) see budi. — . They will never come to us. 2. interj. Make way! abudu* pray, worship; serve; fear. — Mungu. worship/serve /fear God. abadi, abidi adv., rare always, constantly. appl. abudia. caus. abudisha. Cf. (= daima, sikuzote, kila mara, milele.) ibada, uabudiwaji, maabadi, maabudu, kazi yake ni kuiba — . He is always mwabudu. stealing. Abunuwasi*, Banawasi
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