Neuroscience & Cognition
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
The Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Ghent University, the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven and the Research Community ‘Neuroscience in relation to Experimental Psychology’ announce: NEUROSCIENCE & COGNITION: Consciousness & Cognitive control December 3-4 2012 Flemish Academy of Belgium for Sciences and the Arts (KVAB), Belgium Mélanie Boly, Victor Lamme, Hakwan Lau, Lionel Naccache, Mathias Pessiglione, and David Badre Discussant Axel Cleeremans ORGANISED BY: Practical Information Conference Venue: Flemish Academy of Belgium for Sciences and the Arts (KVAB) Paleis der Academiën Hertogsstraat 1 1000 Brussel How to get there? • From the airport : Take the train to Brussels Central Station • With the train : Brussels Central Station • By car : At your own risk • From Brussels Central Station : o Take a walk (10 minutes) o Take the underground walk way on your right (while staying in front of the main announcement panel and ticketing offices - not left which is the exit to the city center) o Go straight through the shopping mall "Ravenstein", take the steps at the end o Cross the small street with "Palais des Beaux Arts" at your right, and take the steps at the end o Cross the street and cross the Park o The academy is opposite the right exit o Or with the metro ( MIVB ): Metro station Troon o From Central Station: line 1 or 5 to Kunst-Wet, then line 2 or 6. o From Nord station: metro Rogier, line 2 or 6, direction Koning Boudewijn or Simonis (Leopold II). o From Midi station : line 2 or 6 direction Simonis (Elisabeth) 2 Oral presentations All presentations are held in the Auditorium Albert II of the KVAB. Our six keynote lectures will be 45 minutes with opportunity for a 15-minute discussion. A scientific committee selected 8 submissions for a short oral presentation. These oral presentations will be 15 minutes with opportunity for a 5-minute discussion. All speakers are asked to adhere to these time limits. Poster sessions Two poster sessions will be held: • Poster session 1: Monday December 3, 17.00-19.00, Atrium KVAB • Poster session 2: Tuesday December 4, 12.20-14.20, Atrium KVAB From page 15 on, you can see which posters are to be mounted in the first and which in the second session. If you are in the first session, please mount your poster immediately after registering (so that early people can already have a look) and remove it before we leave for the conference dinner, so that the people from the second session can mount their posters early on Tuesday morning. The idea is that on both days, posters can be seen all day long. The format for poster preparation is A0 portrait (84.1 cm x 118.9 cm or 33.1 x 46.8 inches). Material to attach the posters to the poster panels will be provided at the venue. Poster numbers mentioned in this program correspond to the poster panel where the poster should be displayed. Organizing committee: Eva Van den Bussche (Vrije Universiteit Brussel) Filip Van Opstal (Ghent University) Tom Verguts (Ghent University) Ralf Krampe (Katholieke Universiteit Leuven) Bert Reynvoet (Katholieke Universiteit Leuven) Contact: Eva Van den Bussche [email protected] Vrije Universiteit Brussel Department of Psychology Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels Belgium Phone : +32-(0)2-629 14 82 Fax : +32-(0)2-629 24 89 3 Program Overview Monday 3 December 2012 9.00 10.00 Registration and coffee 10.00 10.10 Welcome Keynote Lecture 10.10 11.10 Victor Lamme: How neuroscience will change our view on consciousness 11.10 11.40 Coffee break Keynote Lecture 11.40 12.40 Mathias Pessiglione: Subliminal motivation of the human brain 12.40 14.00 Lunch 14.00 15.20 Oral Presentations: Rémi Capa: Long -lasting effects of performance -contingent unconscious and conscious 14.00 14.20 reward incentives during cued task-switching performance Floris De Lange: How consciousness changes the relative weights of evidence during human 14.20 14.40 decision making 14.40 15.00 Kobe Desender: Feeling the conflict: Metacognitive influences in masked priming 15.00 15.20 Gethin Hughes: The role of motor prediction in the processing of sensory action -effects 15.20 16.00 Coffee Break Keynote Lecture 16.00 17.00 David Badre: Fronto-striatal systems supporting abstract rule learning 17.00 19.00 Poster session 1 and reception 19.15 19.30 Walk to the restaurant 19.30 Conference Dinner 4 Tuesday 4 December 2012 9. 30 10.00 Coffee Keynote Lecture 10.00 11.00 Hakwan Lau: How to properly study the functions of consciousness? 11.00 11.2 0 Coffee Break Keynote Lecture 11.20 12.20 Lionel Naccache: How far can “ conscious posture ” influence non conscious cognitive processes? 12.2 0 14.2 0 Poster session 2 and lunch 14.2 0 15.4 0 Oral Presentations: 14.2 0 14.4 0 Anil Seth: Interoceptive predictive coding, presence, and agency 14.4 0 15.00 Simon van Gaal: Logical semantic operations in the absence of visual awareness 15.00 15.2 0 Heiko Reuss: Adaptation to unconscious conflicts in unconscious contexts 15.2 0 15.4 0 Tristan Bekinschtein: Losing Consciousness: wakefulness modulation of cognitive control 15.4 0 16.00 Coffee break Keynote Lecture 16.00 17.00 Mélanie Boly: Brain connectivity in Disorder of Consciousness 17.00 17.30 Conclusions by Axel Cleeremans 5 Keynote Speakers Monday 3 December 10.10-11.10 How neuroscience will change our view on consciousness Victor Lamme Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands Consciousness has always been defined from introspective and behavioral intuitions. This has gotten us nowhere. What we need is a radical redefinition of what consciousness really is, from a convergence of introspective, behavioral and neural arguments. The criterion for success should be whether such a new definition explains what there is to explain about consciousness, not whether it fits our intuitive notions. From such an approach (Lamme, 2006; 2010), it emerges that it makes sense to acknowledge that we have conscious sensations (in the phenomenal, qualitative sense) without attention, without access, and hence also without thought. In this talk, I will present further arguments that impose such a far reaching conclusion. Our latest experiments show that vision without attention is rich, detailed, precise, integrated, and - most importantly – shows perceptual inference i.e. goes beyond the retinal image towards a perceptual interpretation of that image. Moreover, we show a further dissociation between various forms of cognition (categorization, control) and consciousness, while the association between integration- segregation and conscious experience is strengthened. In sum, there is now overwhelming evidence showing that neural representations outside the focus of attention, and outside the realm of access or thought possess all the key properties of conscious representations, except – of course – reportability. Moreover, these properties do all the explaining towards the phenomenal nature of conscious experience. The absence of access does little to explain that away. The proper conclusion is that we may have conscious sensations even when we don’t know it. 11.40 – 12.40 Subliminal motivation of brain modules Mathias Pessiglione Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, France “Eat popcorn” is certainly one of the most famous subliminal messages. It was inserted into a movie and presented so briefly that the audience could not see it. There is no evidence that such subliminal advertising actually works in ecological settings. However, several subliminal motivation effects have been obtained in the lab. For instance, some behavioural experiments suggest that we exert higher 6 effort following incentive cues that we do not consciously perceive. Also, we can learn the predictive value of subliminal cues so as to guide our gambling choices. These processes may be not only subliminal but also subpersonal, since one side of our body can be motivated independently from the other. Neuroimaging and pharmacological studies have then identified the limbic basal ganglia and the neuromodulator dopamine as responsible for such subconscious motivation processes. These deep brain structures could therefore be considered as modules representing subconscious motivations that would compete for controlling the behaviour, until they have access to the consciousness space. 16.00 – 17.00 Fronto-striatal systems supporting abstract rule learning David Badre Department of Cognitive, Linguistic, and Psychological Sciences, Brown University, USA People show a remarkable ability to behave flexibly and in a goal-directed way, even in novel situations with which they have little direct experience. Cognitive control of this type partly arises from the representation of abstract rule structures that relate classes of contexts and actions to desired outcomes. This talk will describe a recent line of work investigating how such abstract rules can be learned and implemented in the brain to control behavior. Evidence from behavioral, neuropsychological, and fMRI studies of abstract rule use, novel rule learning, and the transfer of previously learned rules to novel situations will be presented. I will then discuss recent combined computational modeling and fMRI work that proposes a mechanism by which abstract rule learning might arise via nested loops between prefrontal cortex and the striatum. Issues related to implicit versus explicit learning and awareness of the rule structures themselves will be considered. Tuesday 4 December 10.00-11.00 How to properly study the functions of consciousness? Hakwan Lau Psychology Department, Columbia University (USA) The current consensus seems to be that: without perceptual awareness of the relevant visual information some cognitive control functions can be exercised, but perhaps awareness enhances or changes the nature of such functions. However, the relevant empirical studies (including the speaker's very own) are problematic, because when we render stimuli unconscious, we typically greatly reduce the stimulus strength & internal perceptual signal as well.