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Cost of PEC-Zonal Activities in Mozambique Analysis of Contract Costs from 2008 up to 2011 Júlia Zita, Arjen Naafs ([email protected]) Washcost

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Cost of PEC-Zonal Activities in Mozambique Analysis of Contract Costs from 2008 up to 2011 Júlia Zita, Arjen Naafs (Moz.Washcost@Gmail.Com) Washcost Briefing Note Moz. D 01 Cost of PEC-Zonal Activities in Mozambique Analysis of contract costs from 2008 up to 2011 Júlia Zita, Arjen Naafs ([email protected]) WASHCost August, 2011(Translated February 2012 from Portuguese) A new approach on PEC (Community participation and education) management was introduced in 2008 using single contracts for one year for a whole district. This approach is known as PEC Zonal. The pioneering experience took place in 18 districts in the central region of the country, but in 2011, the government decided to expand the approach countrywide in understanding that it improves the sustainability of water supply services, sanitation and promotion of hygiene. The current document has got two main objectives: first, to present and analyze the contract values of PEC Zonal (2008-2011), and second, to anticipate costs for 2012- 2016. Main perceptions From 94 contracts from 2008 up to 2011, the average cost of PEC zonal activities is about 3,025,000 meticais. The highest costs were encountered in the Province of Zambézia and the lowest in Sofala Province. In 2009 and 2010 the costs were lower. No correlation was found between the cost and variables such as population, size, density and water coverage in a district. PEC Zonal is an example of direct costs (ExpDS). The average cost is 33 meticais (USD 1.1) per person a year. Introduction Methodology WASHCost main objective is to identify the costs WASHCost (www.washcost.info), in collaboration in the water, sanitation and hygiene sector. It with SINAS (National information system of water intends to determine all costs involved in the and sanitation), collected information on the provision of sustainable services in the rural and contracts signed by the Provincial and District peri-urban areas. One of the costs involved is the governments. This document focuses on PEC (promotion of) Participation and Education of the Zonal activities. In total 94 contracts were Community (PEC). collected (Table 1). In most cases, an organization is hired for two consecutive years. In Before 2008, PEC activities were linked to this analysis, that is registered as two contracts in interventions such as construction and order to compare the development each year. rehabilitation of point water sources (boreholes and shallow wells). With PEC Zonal approach, Table 1 Collected data from 2008 to 2011 introduced in 2008, a single (non-profit) Overall organization or consultant is contracted to carry Year Nº contracts Average amount out all PEC activities in a district during the whole year. From 2011, the government has adopted 2008 18 52,384,377 2,910,243 this approach nationally and is implementing it in 2009 22 46,785,352 2,126,607 more districts through the PRONASAR common 2010 19 40,822,732 2,148,565 fund. 2011 35 115,404,468 3,297,271 Total 94 255,396,929 From Table 1 it is possible to calculate the This table also shows that in 2008 the costs were average cost of each year (overall amount divided higher than 2011. Both 2009 and 2010 had by the number of contracts), which is for example relatively low costs. 3,297,271 for 2011. The information for the first years is mainly from the central region (table 2), Costs per Province where PEC Zonal started. Using the current cost (2011) it is possible to take Table 2 Collected data 2008 to 2011 per Province contracts from all years into account and compare provinces (table 5). Zambézia has 20% cost Year 2008 2009 2010 2011 Total above the average. The three Provinces with Sofala 7 7 7 7 28 more experience with PEC Zonal do manage to Manica 6 6 6 6 24 have lower costs. Tete 5 6 6 6 23 Table 5 Costs in each Province Zambézia 2 5 7 Gaza 1 5 6 Current average %National Province cost (Mt) average Maputo 5 5 Zambézia 3,635,347 120% Nampula 1 1 Nampula 3,599,998 119% Total 18 22 19 35 94 Gaza 3,466,125 115% Maputo 3,397,583 112% Trends in costs Tete 3,016,158 100% Manica 2,906,545 96% It is important to know the average costs in order to be able to understand variations. Table 1 Sofala 2,799,036 93% presents the average cost per year and it seems Average 3,024,828 100% to show a rising trend from 2008 up to 2011. However, for a proper comparison over time, Costs drivers there is need to adjust the costs for inflation. PEC Zonal is a relatively new approach. It is not To recalculate the past years, we need to multiply yet defined what are the main cost drivers are that with the inflation correction factor of the table 3 to may help in planning and budgeting. As a way to reach the current cost of 2011. find out PEC Zonal cost drivers, analyses were carried out based on 4 variables (with current Table 3 Correction factor costs): Year Inflation Correction factor for 2011 1. Size of the district (km2) 2008 8.35% 1.29 2. District population 2009 5.27% 1.19 3. Water coverage rate (2009) 4. Population density 2010 12.75% 1.13 2011 8.00% 1.00 As can be seen in Figure 1, none of these possible drivers have a correlation with PEC For example, the cost of 2008 has to be multiplied Zonal cost. In this sense, the main cost by 1.29 to reach the corresponding cost in 2011. determinants may be related to completely Table 4 shows this correction and indicates that different variables, as for example, the bill of the average cost is 3,024,828 meticais. quantity (with differences in demanded equipment) or differences in intervention for Table 4 Correction factor sanitation. Cost Current cost % in comparison without to 2011 Year correction 2008 2,910,243 3,742,840 114% 2009 2,126,607 2,524,160 77% 2010 2,148,565 2,422,458 73% 2011 3,297,271 3,297,271 100% Average 3,024,828 Figure 1: Different analyses of cost drivers versus PEC costs District size and PEC cost District population and PEC cost 5,000,000 5,000,000 4,500,000 4,500,000 4,000,000 4,000,000 3,500,000 3,500,000 3,000,000 3,000,000 cost cost 2,500,000 2,500,000 PEC 2,000,000 PEC 2,000,000 1,500,000 1,500,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 500,000 500,000 0 0 ‐ 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 ‐ 100,000 200,000 300,000 400,000 500,000 600,000 District size (km2) District population Coverage 2009 and PEC Cost Population density and PEC cost 5,000,000 5,000,000 4,500,000 4,500,000 4,000,000 4,000,000 3,500,000 3,500,000 3,000,000 3,000,000 Cost Cost 2,500,000 2,500,000 PEC 2,000,000 2,000,000 PEC 1,500,000 1,500,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 500,000 500,000 0 ‐ 0 20406080100 ‐ 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 Coverage in % in 2009 Density person/km2 Gilé district in Zambézia Province has the highest costs whereas Nicoadala district (also Zambézia Province) has the lowest cost. Zambézia Province has got 5 districts (Gilé, Alto Molócuè, Gurué, Ile e Maganja da Costa) with the high costs. Other high costs are within Nampula Province (Angoche district) and Gaza Province with the districts of Chókwè, Mabalane, Mandlakazi, Chicualacuala and Chigubo. Figure 2 PEC-Zonal cost (current cost) per district 5,000,000 4,500,000 4,000,000 3,500,000 3,000,000 2,500,000 2,000,000 1,500,000 1,000,000 500,000 0 Ile Gile Buzi Guro costa Gurue Boane Dondo Zumbo Manica Chibuto Muanza Chokwe Milange Chigubo Angonia Maravia Magude Chemba da Gondola Angoche Moamba Machaze Molocue Chifunde Changara Tsangano Maringue Nicoadala Mabalane Mossurize Namaacha Matutuine Gorongosa Mandlakazi Nhamatanda Sussundenga Alto Chicualacuala Maganja Table 6 Prevision of costs from 2012 to 2016 for PEC-Zonal activities, considering 2011 as base year Year 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Index 1.08 1.1664 1.2597 1.3605 Average cost 3,024,828 3,266,814 3,528,159 3,810,376 4,115,278 Maximum 4,342,426 4,689,820 5,065,005 5,470,154 5,907,870 Minimum 2,271,367 2,453,077 2,649,323 2,861,241 3,090,195 Table 6 above indicates the inflation index Discussion projected for the next 5 years taking 2011 as base year and a yearly1 average of 8%. The average The nature of PEC Zonal is to provide a long term PEC Zonal cost for the base year is 3.024,828 service aimed at supporting the communities to meticais. Multiplying this by the annual index, improve their capacities to manage water supply gives the foreseen cost for the next 5 years. Over and the hygiene and sanitation conditions. As a 5 year period, the increase is about 36%, such it can be considered as a good example showing the importance of inflation in costs direct support costs (ExpDS). In general, the prevision. amounts for each person do not seem to be high. At the moment, there is not sufficient information Cost per person to distinguish between support for water, support In annex V the cost per person is presented, for hygiene or support for sanitation. A detailed which is summarized in table 7.
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