DOCSLIB.ORG

IMPACT of the ARMED CONFLICTS on the LIVES of WOMEN and GIRLS in MOZAMBIQUE Field Research Report on the Provinces of Nampula, Zambézia, Gaza and Sofala

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
IMPACT of the ARMED CONFLICTS on the LIVES of WOMEN and GIRLS in MOZAMBIQUE Field Research Report on the Provinces of Nampula, Zambézia, Gaza and Sofala IMPACT OF THE ARMED CONFLICTS ON THE LIVES OF WOMEN AND GIRLS IN MOZAMBIQUE Field research report on the provinces of Nampula, Zambézia, Gaza and Sofala IMPACT OF THE ARMED CONFLICTS ON THE LIVES OF WOMEN AND GIRLS IN MOZAMBIQUE FIELD RESEARCH REPORT ON THE PROVINCES OF NAMPULA, ZAMBÉZIA, GAZA AND SOFALA This report is part of the project “Strengthening Access to Justice in Mozambique” carried out by LWBC with the support of the Government of Canada through Global Affairs Canada. The opinions expressed in this report are of the research authors and do not necessarily correspond to the position of the Canadian government INDEX Prologue ................................................................................................................................................................................................7 Acknowledgements ..............................................................................................................................................................................9 Abbreviations and Acronyms ............................................................................................................................................................11 Executive summary ............................................................................................................................................................................13 Introduction .........................................................................................................................................................................................15 Objectives of the Study ......................................................................................................................................................................16 Framing the Problem ..........................................................................................................................................................................16 Methodology .......................................................................................................................................................................................17 Chapter I: Conceptual Framework ...................................................................................................................................................23 1.1 Armed Conflict ...........................................................................................................................................................................23 1.2 Gender and Violence Against Women ........................................................................................................................................23 1.3 National Reconciliation, Peaceful Coexistence and Transitional Justice ......................................................................................25 Chapter II: Post-Independence Armed Conflict in Mozambique ...................................................................................................29 2.1 Brief History ...............................................................................................................................................................................29 2.2 Causes of the Armed Conflict in Mozambique ............................................................................................................................30 2.2.1 Political Causes ....................................................................................................................................................................30 2.2.2 Social Causes ......................................................................................................................................................................31 2.2.3 Economic Causes ................................................................................................................................................................32 Chapter III: Situation of Women in Armed Conflicts .......................................................................................................................35 3.1 General Overview on Violence Against Women And Girls During Armed Conflicts ......................................................................35 3.2 The Human Rights Violations Suffered by Women in Armed Conflicts ........................................................................................35 3.3 The Treatment of Women in Mozambican Society ......................................................................................................................36 3.3.1 The Forms of Violence Suffered by Mozambican Women and Girls During Periods of Conflict ..............................................37 3.3.2 Social Perception on the Motivation of Violence Against Women in the Armed Conflict in Mozambique ................................40 3.3.3 Profile of the Victims in this Study .........................................................................................................................................41 3.4 Women’s Participation in the Conflicts in Mozambique ...............................................................................................................42 3.5 Impact of the Violence on the Life of Women and Girls During Armed Conflict ...........................................................................46 3.5.1 Social Impact .......................................................................................................................................................................46 3.5.2 Economic Impact .................................................................................................................................................................47 3.5.3 Physical and Psychological Impact .......................................................................................................................................48 3.6 The End of the Conflict and the Restoration of Peace in Mozambique: Adopted Reconciliation Processes .................................50 Chapter IV: The Participation of Women in Peace Processes, National Reconciliation and Post-Conflict Peaceful Coexistence ................................................................................................55 4.1 Situational Overview and International Experiences ....................................................................................................................55 4.2 Women’s Contribution in Conflict Prevention, Management and Resolution................................................................................56 4.3 Situational Overview of Mozambique ..........................................................................................................................................58 Chapter V: Reparation Measures for Women After Armed Conflicts ............................................................................................63 5.1 National Overview of Post-Conflict Reparations in Mozambique .................................................................................................63 5.2 Amnesty and National Reconciliation Laws ................................................................................................................................64 5.3 Access to Justice and Support Institutions For Women..............................................................................................................65 5.4 Proposals on Individual and Collective Reparation and Non-Repetition Measures ......................................................................66 Final Thoughts and Recommendations ...........................................................................................................................................69 Appendix I ...........................................................................................................................................................................................73 Appendix II ..........................................................................................................................................................................................79 Bibliographic References ..................................................................................................................................................................83 IMPACT OF ARMED CONFLICTS ON THE LIVES OF WOMEN AND GIRLS IN MOZAMBIQUE Field research report on the provinces of Nampula, Zambézia, Gaza and Sofala 5 Prologue Armed conflicts entail serious consequences for the physical and psychological health, as well as for the social and professional development of people and communities, decisively affecting the lives of those struck by such violence. As evidenced by one of the women interviewed in the preparation of this report, the victims suffer a permanent interruption of “a future that never arrives”. To listen to the voices of those who suffered in their own lives, and in their own environments – the consequences of armed conflicts – it becomes essential to find a path that consolidates a process of lasting peace and reconciliation and guarantees victims’ access to justice, empowerment and emancipation. It is with this conviction that Lawyers Without Borders Canada (LWBC) has united with the human rights organization Woman, Law and Development Association (MULEIDE) and with the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CEEI/ISRI) to carry out a process of consulting
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Jentzsch 2018 T
    https://openaccess.leidenuniv.nl License: Article 25fa pilot End User Agreement This publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act (Auteurswet) with explicit consent by the author. Dutch law entitles the maker of a short scientific work funded either wholly or partially by Dutch public funds to make that work publicly available for no consideration following a reasonable period of time after the work was first published, provided that clear reference is made to the source of the first publication of the work. This publication is distributed under The Association of Universities in the Netherlands (VSNU) ‘Article 25fa implementation’ pilot project. In this pilot research outputs of researchers employed by Dutch Universities that comply with the legal requirements of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act are distributed online and free of cost or other barriers in institutional repositories. Research outputs are distributed six months after their first online publication in the original published version and with proper attribution to the source of the original publication. You are permitted to download and use the publication for personal purposes. All rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyrights owner(s) of this work. Any use of the publication other than authorised under this licence or copyright law is prohibited. If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website.
    [Show full text]
  • Traditional Prediction of Drought Under Weather and Climate Uncertainty
    Natural Hazards https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-019-03613-4 ORIGINAL PAPER Traditional prediction of drought under weather and climate uncertainty: analyzing the challenges and opportunities for small‑scale farmers in Gaza province, southern region of Mozambique Daniela Salite1 Received: 5 October 2018 / Accepted: 20 April 2019 © The Author(s) 2019 Abstract This paper explores the traditional indicators that small-scale farmers in Gaza province in southern Mozambique use to predict drought events on their rain-fed farms. It analyzes the contextual situation regarding the accuracy and reliability of the traditional prediction methods under the current weather and conditions of climate uncertainty and variabil- ity, and the opportunities that their prediction methods can bring to reduce their current and future exposure and vulnerabilities to drought. Farmers use a total of 11 traditional environmental indicators to predict drought, either individually or combined, as required to increase their prediction certainty. However, the farmers perceive that current unpre- dictability, variability, and changes in weather and climate have negatively afected the interpretation, accuracy, and reliability of most of their prediction indicators, and thus their farming activities and their ability to predict and respond to drought. This, associated with the reduced number of elders in the community, is causing a decline in the diver- sity, and complexity of interpretation of indicators. Nonetheless, these difculties have not impeded farmers from continuing to use their preferred prediction methods, as on some occasions they continue to be useful for their farming-related decisions and are also the main, or sometimes only, source of forecast. Considering the role these methods play in farmers’ activities, and the limited access to meteorological forecasts in most rural areas of Mozambique, and the fact that the weather and climate is expected to continually change, this paper concludes that it is important to enhance the use of traditional prediction meth- ods.
    [Show full text]
  • Angoche: an Important Link of the Zambezian Gold Trade Introduction
    Angoche: An important link of the Zambezian gold trade CHRISTIAN ISENDAHL ‘Of the Moors of Angoya, they are as they were: they ruin the whole trade of Sofala.‘ Excerpt from a letter from Duarte de Lemos to the King of Portugal, dated the 30th of September, 1508 (Theal 1964, Vol. I, p. 73). Introduction During the last decade or so a significant amount of archaeological research has been devoted to the study of early urbanism along the east African coast. In much, this recent work has depended quite clearly upon the ground-breaking fieldwork conducted by James Kirkman and Neville Chittick in Kenya and Tanzania during the 1950´s and 1960´s. Notwithstanding the inevitable and, at times, fairly apparent shortcomings of their work and their basic theoretical explanatory frameworks, it has provided a platform for further detailed studies and rendered a wide flora of approaches to the interpretation of the source materials in recent studies. In Mozambique, however, recent archaeological research has not benefited from such a relatively strong national tradition of research attention. The numerous early coastal settlements lining the maritime boundaries of the nation have, in a very limited number, been the target of specialized archaeological fieldwork and analysis only for two decades. The most important consequence has been that research directed towards thematically formulated archaeological questions has had to await the gathering of basic information through field surveys and recording of existing sites as well as the construction and perpetual analysis and refinement of basic chronostratigraphic sequences. Furthermore, the lack of funding, equipment and personnel – coupled with the geographical preferentials of those actually active – has resulted in a yet quite fragmented archaeological database of early urbanism in the country.
    [Show full text]
  • Ribáuè/Iapala Nampula Mozambique
    Electricidade de Moçambique – EDM Sida Rural Electrification Project Ribáuè/Iapala Nampula Mozambique Study on the impact of rural electrification In the Ribáuè, Namiginha and Iapala áreas Ribáuè district Gunilla Akesson Virgulino Nhate February, 2002 1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................. 1 The Ribáuè-Iapala Rural Electrification Project ............................................................................................. 1 The impact study ............................................................................................................................................ 2 Introductory summary..................................................................................................................................... 3 Problems ........................................................................................................................................... 4 EFFECTS AND IMPACT .................................................................................... 5 The Project .................................................................................................................................................... 5 The transmission line ........................................................................................................................ 5 Groups of electricity consumers ....................................................................................................... 6 Economic activities ..........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Mozambican National Resistance (Renamo) As Described by Ex-Patticipants
    The Mozambican National Resistance (Renamo) as Described by Ex-patticipants Research Report Submitted to: Ford Foundation and Swedish International Development Agency William Minter, Ph.D. Visiting Researcher African Studies Program Georgetown University Washington, DC March, 1989 Copyright Q 1989 by William Minter Permission to reprint, excerpt or translate this report will be granted provided that credit is given rind a copy sent to the author. For more information contact: William Minter 1839 Newton St. NW Washington, DC 20010 U.S.A. INTRODUCTION the top levels of the ruling Frelirno Party, local party and government officials helped locate amnestied ex-participants For over a decade the Mozambican National Resistance and gave access to prisoners. Selection was on the basis of the (Renamo, or MNR) has been the principal agent of a desuuctive criteria the author presented: those who had spent more time as war against independent Mozambique. The origin of the group Renamo soldiers. including commanders, people with some as a creation of the Rhodesian government in the mid-1970s is education if possible, adults rather than children. In a number of well-documented, as is the transfer of sponsorship to the South cases, the author asked for specific individuals by name, previ- African government after white Rhodesia gave way to inde- ously identified from the Mozambican press or other sources. In pendent Zimbabwe in 1980. no case were any of these refused, although a couple were not The results of the war have attracted increasing attention geographically accessible. from the international community in recent years. In April 1988 Each interview was carried out individually, out of hearing the report written by consultant Robert Gersony for the U.
    [Show full text]
  • Southern Africa Global Competitiveness Hub II
    Date Issued: April 3, 2018 Closing Date for Submission of Questions: April 17, 2018 @ 03:00 pm (Maputo time) Closing Date for Submission of Past Performance: April 24, 2018 @ 03:00 pm (Maputo time) Closing Date for Receipt of Proposals: May 21, 2018 @ 03:00 pm (Maputo time) Subject: Request for Proposals (RFP) No. 72065618R00008 Efficiencies for Clinical HIV/AIDS Outcomes (ECHO) in Mozambique Dear Sir/Madam The United States Government, represented by United States Agency for International Development (USAID) Mission in Mozambique is seeking a proposal from qualified organizations interested in providing the services under the Efficiencies for Clinical HIV Outcomes (ECHO) Activity as described in the attached solicitation. This procurement will be conducted under a full and open competition under which US and other organizations within Geographic Code 935 are eligible to compete and the North American Industry Classification (NAICS) code is 541990. The procedures set forth in Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) Part 15 will apply. USAID/Mozambique anticipates awarding one Cost Plus Fixed Fee (CPFF) completion type contract as a result of the solicitation. The estimated cost range for this procurement is $210 million to $250 Million for the implementation of this activity for a total estimated period of 5 years with no option years, subject to availability of funds. Offerors must propose costs that are realistic and reasonable corresponding with their technical approach. USAID encourages participation to the maximum extent possible of small business concerns, small disadvantaged business concerns and women-owned small business concerns in this activity as the prime contractor or as subcontractors in accordance with Part 19 of the FAR.
    [Show full text]
  • In Mozambique Melq Gomes
    January 2014 Tracking Adaptation and Measuring Development (TAMD) in Mozambique Melq Gomes Q3 Report - Feasibility Testing Phase MOZAMBIQUE TAMD FEASIBILITY STUDY QUARTER THREE REPORT, 10/01/2014 Contents INTRODUCTION 2 STAKEHOLDER ANALYSIS/KEY ENTRY POINTS 8 THEORY OF CHANGE ESTABLISHED 9 INDICATORS (TRACK 1 AND TRACK 2) AND METHODOLOGY 14 National level indicators 14 District level indicators 15 METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH 16 EMPIRICAL DATA COLLECTION (a) TRACK 1 (b) TRACK 2 16 CHALLENGES 17 CONCLUSIONS AND EMERGING LESSONS 17 ANNEXES 18 Annex 1: National level indicators 18 Annex 2: Guijá Field Work Report – Developing the ToC. 18 Annex 3: Draft of the workplan for Mozambique. 18 www.iied.org 1 MOZAMBIQUE TAMD FEASIBILITY STUDY QUARTER THREE REPORT, 10/01/2014 INTRODUCTION 1.1 - Mozambique Context Summary: Mozambique is the 8th most vulnerable country to climate change and is one of the poorest countries in the world with a high dependency on foreign aid. The population is primarily rural and dependent on agriculture, with 60% living on the coastline. Droughts, flooding and cyclones affect particular regions of the country and these are projected to increase in frequency and severity. The main institution for managing and coordinating climate change responses is the Ministry for Coordination of Environment Affairs (MICOA), the Ministry for Planning and Development also has a key role. New institutions have been proposed under the National Strategy on Climate Change but are not yet operational, it was approved in 2012. (Artur, Tellam 2012:8) Mozambique Climate Vulnerability and future project effects (Artur, Tellam 2012:9) Summary: The main risk/hazards in Mozambique are floods, droughts and cyclones with a very high level of current and future vulnerability in terms of exposure to floods and cyclones as more than 60% of the population lives along the coastline below 100 meters of altitude.
    [Show full text]
  • Preparatory Study on Triangular Cooperation Programme For
    No. Ministry of Agriculture Republic of Mozambique Preparatory Study on Triangular Cooperation Programme for Agricultural Development of the African Tropical Savannah among Japan, Brazil and Mozambique (ProSAVANA-JBM) Final Report March 2010 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY ORIENTAL CONSULTANTS CO., LTD. A FD JR 10-007 No. Ministry of Agriculture Republic of Mozambique Preparatory Study on Triangular Cooperation Programme for Agricultural Development of the African Tropical Savannah among Japan, Brazil and Mozambique (ProSAVANA-JBM) Final Report March 2010 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY ORIENTAL CONSULTANTS CO., LTD. F The exchange rate applied in the Study is US$1.00 = MZN30.2 US$1.00 = BRL1.727 (January, 2010) Preparatory Study on ProSAVANA-JBM SUMMARY 1. Background of the Study In tropical savannah areas located at the north part of Mozambique, there are vast agricultural lands with constant rainfall, and it has potential to expand the agricultural production. However, in these areas, most of agricultural technique is traditional and farmers’ unions are weak. Therefore, it is expected to enhance the agricultural productivity by introducing the modern technique and investment and organizing the farmers’ union. Japan has experience in agricultural development for Cerrado over the past 20 years in Brazil. The Cerrado is now world's leading grain belt. The Government of Japan and Brazil planned the agricultural development support in Africa, and considered the technology transfer of agriculture for Cerrado development to tropical savannah areas in Africa. As the first study area, Mozambique is selected for triangular cooperation of agricultural development. Based on this background, Japanese mission, team leader of Kenzo Oshima, vice president of JICA and Brazilian mission, team leader of Marco Farani, chief director visited Mozambique for 19 days from September 16, 2009.
    [Show full text]
  • Assessment of the Financial Flows in Mozambique
    Assessment of the Financial Flows in Mozambique June, 2016 VillageReach is a global health innovator that develops, tests, implements and scales new solutions to critical health system challenges in low-resource environments, with an emphasis on strengthening the “last mile” of healthcare delivery. www.villagereach.org // [email protected] Page 2 Table of Contents Executive Summary ....................................................................................................................................... 3 Background ................................................................................................................................................... 3 Methods ........................................................................................................................................................ 4 Results ........................................................................................................................................................... 5 3.1 Planning process .................................................................................................................................. 5 3.2 Financial flow ....................................................................................................................................... 8 3.3 Gavi funding ...................................................................................................................................... 11 3.4 Challenges that have affected the EPI ..............................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Projectos De Energias Renováveis Recursos Hídrico E Solar
    FUNDO DE ENERGIA Energia para todos para Energia CARTEIRA DE PROJECTOS DE ENERGIAS RENOVÁVEIS RECURSOS HÍDRICO E SOLAR RENEWABLE ENERGY PROJECTS PORTFÓLIO HYDRO AND SOLAR RESOURCES Edition nd 2 2ª Edição July 2019 Julho de 2019 DO POVO DOS ESTADOS UNIDOS NM ISO 9001:2008 FUNDO DE ENERGIA CARTEIRA DE PROJECTOS DE ENERGIAS RENOVÁVEIS RECURSOS HÍDRICO E SOLAR RENEWABLE ENERGY PROJECTS PORTFOLIO HYDRO AND SOLAR RESOURCES FICHA TÉCNICA COLOPHON Título Title Carteira de Projectos de Energias Renováveis - Recurso Renewable Energy Projects Portfolio - Hydro and Solar Hídrico e Solar Resources Redação Drafting Divisão de Estudos e Planificação Studies and Planning Division Coordenação Coordination Edson Uamusse Edson Uamusse Revisão Revision Filipe Mondlane Filipe Mondlane Impressão Printing Leima Impressões Originais, Lda Leima Impressões Originais, Lda Tiragem Print run 300 Exemplares 300 Copies Propriedade Property FUNAE – Fundo de Energia FUNAE – Energy Fund Publicação Publication 2ª Edição 2nd Edition Julho de 2019 July 2019 CARTEIRA DE PROJECTOS DE RENEWABLE ENERGY ENERGIAS RENOVÁVEIS PROJECTS PORTFOLIO RECURSOS HÍDRICO E SOLAR HYDRO AND SOLAR RESOURCES PREFÁCIO PREFACE O acesso universal a energia em 2030 será uma realidade no País, Universal access to energy by 2030 will be reality in this country, mercê do “Programa Nacional de Energia para Todos” lançado por thanks to the “National Energy for All Program” launched by Sua Excia Filipe Jacinto Nyusi, Presidente da República de Moçam- His Excellency Filipe Jacinto Nyusi, President of the
    [Show full text]
  • IFPP - Integrated Family Planning Program
    IFPP - Integrated Family Planning Program Agreement No. #AID-656-A-16-00005 Yearly Report: Oct 2017 to September 2018 - 2nd Year of the Project 0 Table of Contents Acronym list .................................................................................................................................................. 3 Project Summary ........................................................................................................................................... 6 Summary of the reporting period (October 2017 to September 2018) ....................................................... 7 IR 1: Increased access to a wide range of modern contraceptive methods and quality FP/RH services 11 Sub- IR 1.1: Increased access to modern contraceptive methods and quality, facility-based FP/RH services ................................................................................................................................................ 11 Sub- IR 1.2: Increased access to modern contraceptive methods and quality, community-based FP/RH services .................................................................................................................................... 23 Sub-IR 1.3: Improved and increased active and completed referrals between community and facility for FP/RH services .................................................................................................................. 28 IR 2: Increased demand for modern contraceptive methods and quality FP/RH services ..................... 29 Sub IR2.1: Improved
    [Show full text]
  • Nyusi and Dhlakama Meeting in Maputo
    MOZAMBIQUE News reports & clippings 277 7 February 2015 Editor: Joseph Hanlon ( [email protected]) To subscribe: tinyurl.com/sub-moz To unsubscribe: tinyurl.com/unsub-moz Previous newsletters, more detailed press reports in English and Portuguese, and other Mozambique material are posted on tinyurl.com/mozamb This newsletter can be cited as "Mozambique News Reports & Clippings" __________________________________________________________________________ Nyusi and Dhlakama meeting in Maputo President Filipe Nyusi and Renamo president Afonso Dhlakama began a meeting at 11 am local time this morning (Saturday) at a hotel in Maputo. Dhlakama broke off his tour of the north yesterday to fly to Maputo. Initially he said he would only meet Nyusi if the Mozambican President accepted all of his demands in advance, then he said he would only meet Nyusi if he came to Cabo Delgado. Now he is in Maputo, but the meeting is in a hotel and not a government building, which will be seen as a neutral venue. Thursday deadline to take parliament seats Renamo continues to boycott national and provincial parliaments. A group of Renamo members elected to the parliaments met with Renamo president Afonso Dhlakama on Sunday 1 February asking to take their seats, but Dhlakama maintained the hard line and said "anyone who takes their seats would be insulting not Dhlakama, not Renamo, but the thousands of Mozambicans who voted for fair elections”. (MediaFax, 2 Feb) He argues that the elections were fraudulent and that he won the 2014 election, just as he says he won the four previous elections. The MPs should not take seats in what he sees as fraudulent parliaments.
    [Show full text]