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Common Tansy abinvasives.ca [email protected] Last Updated January 2014 Provincial Designation: TanacetumCommon vulgare Tansy Noxious Pennington County website (www.co.pennington.sd.us). are deeply divided into numerous narrow, in- seed production but must be repeated to Overview: dividual leaflets with toothed edges. eliminate regrowth from rootstock. The most Common tansy is a perennial forb that repro- effective control method combines mowing Flowers: Flowers are yellow, numerous, duces by both seed and short rhizomes (un- or hand cutting with chemical control and and button-like, occurring in dense, flat- derground horizontal roots). Introduced from encouraging competition from native veg- topped clusters at the tops of the stems. Europe in the 1600’s, its pungently aromatic etation. Repeated stem removal depletes the foliage has been used medicinally, as an in- Seeds: Seeds are yellowish brown achenes food energy stored in roots. sect repellant, and for embalming. with short, five-toothed crowns. Chemical: Aminopyralid (alone in a product Common tansy forms dense stands and the mix with 2,4-D), Chlorsulfuron (alone or in a plants contain alkaloids that are toxic to both Prevention: product mix with Metsulfuron-methyl), Met- humans and livestock if consumed in large Because of its long medicinal and horticul- sulfuron-methyl (alone or in a product mix quantities. Cases of livestock poisoning are tural use, Common tansy is still available in with Aminopyralid) and Tribenuron-methyl rare, though, because tansy is unpalatable to plant nurseries and from herbal remedy sup- are registered for use on Common tansy. Al- grazing animals. pliers. Gardeners should not purchase or ways check product labels to ensure the her- grow Common tansy. bicide is registered for use on the target plant in Canada by the Pest Management Regula- Habitat: tory Agency. Always read and follow label It grows best in full sun and fertile, well- Control: directions. Consult your local Agricultural drained soil. Grazing: Common tansy is unpalatable to Fieldman or Certified Pesticide Dispenser for cattle and horses, but sheep and goats are more information. Identification: reported to graze on it. Biological: An agent search by CABI Swit- Stems: Stems are branched, erect, often Cultivation: Since this plant is rhizomatous, zerland was initiated in 2006. Since 2007, purplish-red, and dotted with glands. There flowering stems can re-grow from severed the Common Tansy Consortium (numerous are many stems per plant and grow up to 1.5 roots, therefore cultivation is not a control American and Canadian organizations in- m tall. option. cluding the Alberta Invasive Species Coun- cil) has been funding research. The chemical Leaves: Leaves alternate on the stem and Mechanical: Regular mowing can reduce continued next page abinvasives.ca [email protected] Common Tansy (Continued) variability of common tansy populations is being inves- tigated with respect to host plant acceptance by bio- control agent candidates. A literature review and field surveys have resulted in focus on five potential agents: the flower-feeding mothIsophrictis striatella; the stem- mining weevil Microplontus millefollii; the root-feeding beetle Longitarsus noricus; the leaf-feeding beetle Cas- sida stigmatica; and the stem-mining longhorn beetle Phytoecia nigricornis1. reFerenCeS 1 http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hra/plants/biocontrol/screenagents.htm#Commontansy abinvasives.ca [email protected] abinvasives.ca [email protected] Last Updated January 2014 Provincial Designation: JacobaeaTansy vulgaris (AkaRagwort Stinking Willie, Staggerwort, Tansy Butterweed) Prohibited Noxious Michael Shephard, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org Eric Coombs, Oregon Department of Agriculture, Bugwood. Tansy Ragwort prefers sites with full sun to are produced. Those from disc flowers are Overview: partial shade and well-drained, medium to hairy while the ones produced by rays are Tansy Ragwort is a biennial or perennial in light soils.3 The plant is generally absent in smooth.6 Both forms are rectangular, with a the sunflower family. Although normally areas with a high water table.2 In Eastern white cluster of hairs (pappus) at the top and short-lived, plants may remain in the rosette Canada it is most commonly found in pas- approximately 3 mm in length.5 stage for several years if damaged or sub- tures, hay fields, waste places, roadsides jected to intense competition.1 Tansy Rag- and forest edges.2 wort is native to Europe, Asia and Siberia Prevention: and is thought to have been introduced to The best way to avoid Tansy Ragwort is to Canada in the 1850s in ship’s ballast2 and as a Identification: monitor pastures for new populations.5 If de- medicinal herb. It has since spread mostly as Stems: One-several erect stems are 0.2-1.2 tected; plants should be hand-pulled taking an impurity in hay.3 m in height.5 Stems are often purplish and care to remove the root. Remnants of root many-branched near the tips.3 left behind will re-sprout to form new plants.4 Tansy Ragwort is an aggressive plant that Plants already in flower must be carefully 4 Leaves: Rosette leaves are stalked, dark- quickly establishes on disturbed sites. In bagged and burned.3 Forage seed can be a green, 7-20 cm long with deeply indented Prince Edward Island, it has reduced pasture source of new infestations. Buying certified 2 and blunt toothed lobes giving them a ruffled yields by 50%. The weed also invades wood- seed will reduce spread since Tansy Rag- or ragged appearance. Upper leaves are lands, decreasing biodiversity. Evidence wort is listed as a prohibited noxious weed in similar in shape but much smaller in size and suggests that it can release toxins into the the Canada Seeds Act.7 soil, harming nearby plants.3 Alkaloids within stalkless. Both types of leaves are some- the plant also make it toxic to livestock, caus- what hairy on the underside.4 ing irreversible liver damage. Cattle and Flowers: Heads of usually 13 yellow ray and Control: horses typically do not graze it but can be Densely seeded pastures deter 4 numerous yellow disc flowers are located in Cultural: poisoned by contaminated hay or silage. flat-topped clusters.2 The bracts surrounding Tansy Ragwort because its seedlings are each head are black-tipped and in a single poor competitors.2 Covering bare sites with row.5 mulch will also help to prevent germination of the weed.4 Habitat: Seeds: Two forms of ribbed fruits (achenes) continued next page abinvasives.ca [email protected] Tansy Ragwort (Continued) Grazing: Sheep are able to consume Tansy Ragwort without any ill effects and have been used extensively in New Zealand for control.6 Mechanical: Mowing is not recommended. It will prevent seed production but it will also cause plants to develop multiple crowns and a perennial habit.6 Chemical: 2,4-D, Aminopyralid (alone or in a product combination with 2,4-D), Dicamba, Hexazinone, MCPA, Foliage and Mecoprop (in a product combination with 2,4-D & Dicamba) are registered for use on tansy ragwort. Al- Richard Old, XID Services, Inc., Bugwood.org ways check product labels to ensure the herbicide is registered for use on the target plant in Canada by the Pest Management Regulatory Agency. Always read and follow label directions. Consult your local Agri- cultural Fieldman or Certified Pesticide Dispenser for more information. Biological: The host-range testing of a cold hardy Plant Swiss strain of Longitarsus jacobaeae, a root-feeding beetle has been completed. A different strain of this Seedlings Richard Old, XID Services, Inc., Bugwood.org agent is already well-established on the lower main- land in BC but has yet to survive a transfer to the more Utah State University Archive, Utah State University, Bugwood. variable seasons experienced in the interior. A petition for importation into Canada was approved in 2011. A field release was made in the Okanagan in May 20118. Fruits Leslie J. Mehrhoff, University of Connecticut, Bugwood.org USDA PLANTS Database, USDA NRCS PLANTS Database, Bug- Infestation Eric Coombs, Oregon Department of Agriculture, Bugwood.org reFerenCeS 1 Nova Scotia Noxious Weeds – Tansy Ragwort http://www.gov.ns.ca/agri/rir/weeds/Tansy.shtml 2 Bain, J.F. 1991. The biology of Canadian weeds. 96. Senecio jacobaea L. Can. J. Plant Sci. 71: 127-140 3 Senecio jacobaea and vulgaris – Tansy Ragwort and Common Groundsel http://www.goert.ca/documents/S.jacobaea.pdf 4 Tansy Ragwort – Senecio jacobaea http://www.nwcb.wa.gov/weed_info/written_findings/Senecio_jacobaea.html 5 T.I.P.S. Factsheet # 15 Tansy Ragwort http://www.invasiveplantcouncilbc.ca/publications/TIPS/Tansy_Ragwort_TIPS.pdf 6 Mitich, L. 1995. Intriguing World of Weeds: Tansy Ragwort. Weed Tech. 9:402-404 7 Canada Seeds Act – Weed Seeds Order http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca 8 http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hra/plants/biocontrol/screenagents.htm#tansyragwort abinvasives.ca [email protected].
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