State Weed List

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

State Weed List Class A Weeds: Non-native species whose distribution ricefield bulrush Schoenoplectus hoary alyssum Berteroa incana in Washington is still limited. Preventing new infestations and mucronatus houndstongue Cynoglossum officinale eradicating existing infestations are the highest priority. sage, clary Salvia sclarea indigobush Amorpha fruticosa Eradication of all Class A plants is required by law. sage, Mediterranean Salvia aethiopis knapweed, black Centaurea nigra silverleaf nightshade Solanum elaeagnifolium knapweed, brown Centaurea jacea Class B Weeds: Non-native species presently limited to small-flowered jewelweed Impatiens parviflora portions of the State. Species are designated for required knapweed, diffuse Centaurea diffusa control in regions where they are not yet widespread. South American Limnobium laevigatum knapweed, meadow Centaurea × gerstlaueri Preventing new infestations in these areas is a high priority. spongeplant knapweed, Russian Rhaponticum repens In regions where a Class B species is already abundant, Spanish broom Spartium junceum knapweed, spotted Centaurea stoebe control is decided at the local level, with containment as the Syrian beancaper Zygophyllum fabago knotweed, Bohemian Fallopia × bohemica primary goal. Please contact your County Noxious Weed Texas blueweed Helianthus ciliaris knotweed, giant Fallopia sachalinensis Control Board to learn which species are designated for thistle, Italian Carduus pycnocephalus knotweed, Himalayan Persicaria wallichii control in your area. thistle, milk Silybum marianum knotweed, Japanese Fallopia japonica thistle, slenderflower Carduus tenuiflorus kochia Bassia scoparia Class C Weeds: Noxious weeds that are typically thistle, Turkish Carduus cinereus lesser celandine Ficaria verna widespread in WA or are of special interest to the state’s variable-leaf milfoil Myriophyllum agricultural industry. The Class C status allows county weed loosestrife, garden Lysimachia vulgaris heterophyllum boards to require control if locally desired, or they may loosestrife, purple Lythrum salicaria wild four-o'clock Mirabilis nyctaginea loosestrife, wand Lythrum virgatum choose to provide education or technical consultation. Malta starthistle Centaurea melitensis Class B Weeds Class A Weeds parrotfeather Myriophyllum aquaticum blueweed Echium vulgare Eradication is required perennial pepperweed Lepidium latifolium Brazilian elodea Egeria densa common crupina Crupina vulgaris poison hemlock Conium maculatum bugloss, annual Lycopsis arvensis cordgrass, common Spartina anglica policeman’s helmet Impatiens glandulifera bugloss, common Anchusa officinalis cordgrass, dense-flowered Spartina densiflora puncturevine Tribulus terrestris butterfly bush Buddleja davidii cordgrass, saltmeadow Spartina patens Ravenna grass Tripidium ravennae camelthorn Alhagi maurorum cordgrass, smooth Spartina alterniflora rush skeletonweed Chondrilla juncea common fennel, (except Foeniculum vulgare except dyer’s woad Isatis tinctoria saltcedar Tamarix ramosissima bulbing fennel) F. vulgare var. azoricum) eggleaf spurge Euphorbia oblongata Scotch broom Cytisus scoparius false brome Brachypodium sylvaticum common reed (nonnative Phragmites australis genotypes only) shiny geranium Geranium lucidum floating primrose-willow Ludwigia peploides spurge flax Thymelaea passerina flowering rush Butomus umbellatus Dalmatian toadflax Linaria dalmatica ssp. dalmatica spurge laurel Daphne laureola French broom Genista monspessulana Eurasian watermilfoil Myriophyllum spicatum spurge, leafy Euphorbia virgata garlic mustard Alliaria petiolata European coltsfoot Tussilago farfara spurge, myrtle Euphorbia myrsinites giant hogweed Heracleum fanwort Cabomba caroliniana sulfur cinquefoil Potentilla recta mantegazzianum tansy ragwort Jacobaea vulgaris goatsrue Galega officinalis gorse Ulex europaeus grass-leaved arrowhead Sagittaria graminea thistle, musk Carduus nutans hydrilla Hydrilla verticillata thistle, plumeless Carduus acanthoides Johnsongrass Sorghum halepense hairy willowherb Epilobium hirsutum hawkweed oxtongue Picris hieracioides thistle, Scotch Onopordum acanthium knapweed, bighead Centaurea macrocephala velvetleaf Abutilon theophrasti knapweed, Vochin Centaurea nigrescens hawkweed, orange Hieracium aurantiacum hawkweeds: All nonnative Hieracium, subgenus water primrose Ludwigia hexapetala kudzu Pueraria montana var. white bryony Bryonia alba lobata species and hybrids of the Pilosella meadow subgenus wild chervil Anthriscus sylvestris meadow clary Salvia pratensis hawkweeds: All nonnative Hieracium, subgenus yellow archangel Lamiastrum galeobdolon oriental clematis Clematis orientalis species and hybrids of the Hieracium yellow floatingheart Nymphoides peltata purple starthistle Centaurea calcitrapa wall subgenus yellow nutsedge Cyperus esculentus reed sweetgrass Glyceria maxima herb-Robert Geranium robertianum yellow starthistle Centaurea solstitialis Class C Weeds Class C Weeds continued absinth wormwood Artemisia absinthium Russian olive Elaeagnus angustifolia 2021 Austrian fieldcress Rorippa austriaca scentless mayweed Tripleurospermum babysbreath Gypsophila paniculata inodorum black henbane Hyoscyamus niger smoothseed alfalfa dodder Cuscuta approximata Washington State blackgrass Alopecurus myosuroides spikeweed Centromadia pungens buffalobur Solanum rostratum spiny cocklebur Xanthium spinosum Noxious Weed List cereal rye Secale cereale spotted jewelweed Impatiens capensis common barberry Berberis vulgaris Swainsonpea Sphaerophysa salsula common catsear Hypochaeris radicata thistle, bull Cirsium vulgare common groundsel Senecio vulgaris thistle, Canada Cirsium arvense common St. Johnswort Hypericum perforatum tree-of-heaven Ailanthus altissima common tansy Tanacetum vulgare ventenata Ventenata dubia common teasel Dipsacus fullonum white cockle Silene latifolia curlyleaf pondweed Potamogeton crispus wild carrot (except where Daucus carota English hawthorn Crataegus monogyna commercially grown) English ivy - four cultivars Hedera helix ‘Baltica’, yellow flag iris Iris pseudacorus only ‘Pittsburgh’, and ‘Star’, and yellow toadflax Linaria vulgaris H. hibernica ‘Hibernica’ Eurasian watermilfoil Myriophyllum spicatum x To learn more about noxious weeds and hybrid Myriophyllum sibiricum noxious weed control in Washington State, evergreen blackberry Rubus laciniatus please contact: field bindweed Convolvulus arvensis fragrant waterlily Nymphaea odorata WA State Noxious Weed Control Board hairy whitetop Lepidium appelianum P.O. Box 42560 Himalayan blackberry Rubus bifrons (Rubus Olympia, WA 98504-2560 armeniacus) (360) 725-5764 hoary cress Lepidium draba photo by Mark Porter, Oregon Department of Agriculture Italian arum Arum italicum Email: [email protected] Japanese eelgrass Nanozostera japonica Website: http://www.nwcb.wa.gov jubata grass Cortaderia jubata Or Turkish thistle, Carduus cinereus, is a new jointed goatgrass Aegilops cylindrica Class A noxious weed for 2021. This WA State Department of Agriculture lawnweed Soliva sessilis annual thistle is found close to (509) 249-6973 longspine sandbur Cenchrus longispinus Washington in northeastern Oregon and medusahead Taeniatherum caput- Or the adjacent area in Idaho. Eradication is medusae Clallam County Noxious Weed Control Board required of Turkish thistle when found in nonnative cattail species Typha species 223 E 4th St., Suite 15 Washington. and hybrids (reminder, Port Angeles WA 98362 does not include the Website: http://www.clallam.net/weed native common cattail, (360) 417-2442 Typha latifolia) old man's beard Clematis vitalba Please help protect Washington’s economy oxeye daisy Leucanthemum vulgare and environment from noxious weeds! Pampas grass Cortaderia selloana perennial sowthistle Sonchus arvensis reed canarygrass Phalaris arundinacea .
Recommended publications
  • Caution Restricted Use Pesticide
    RESTRICTED USE PESTICIDE May Injure (Phytotoxic) Susceptible, Non-Target Plants. For retail sale to and use only by Certified Applicators or persons under their direct supervision and only for those uses covered by the Certified Applicator's certification. Commercial certified applicators must also ensure that all persons involved in these activities are informed of the precautionary statements. DOC ID 551929 June 23, 2017 For control of annual and perennial broadleaf weeds, woody plants, and vines on CAUTION • forest sites, conifer plantations • non-cropland areas including, but not limited to, Agricultural Use Requirements airports, barrow ditches, communication transmission Use this product only in accordance with its labeling and with lines, electric power and utility rights-of-way, fencerows, the Worker Protection Standard, 40 CFR part 170. Refer to label gravel pits, industrial sites, military sites, mining and booklet under "Agricultural Use Requirements" in the Directions drilling areas, oil and gas pads, parking lots, petroleum for Use section for information about this standard. tank farms, pipelines, railroads, roadsides, storage For additional Precautionary Statements, First Aid, Storage and areas, substations, unimproved rough turf grasses, Disposal and other use information see inside this label. • natural areas (open space), for example campgrounds, parks, prairie management, trails and trailheads, Notice: Read the entire label. Use only according to label recreation areas, wildlife openings, and wildlife habitat directions. Before using this product, read Warranty Disclaimer, Inherent Risks of Use, and Limitation of Remedies at end and management areas of label booklet. If terms are unacceptable, return at • including grazed or hayed areas in and around these sites once unopened.
    [Show full text]
  • Virginia Journal of Science Official Publication of the Virginia Academy of Science
    VIRGINIA JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE VIRGINIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCE Vol. 62 No. 3 Fall 2011 TABLE OF CONTENTS ARTICLES PAGE Breeding Biology of Oryzomys Palustris, the Marsh Rice Rat, in Eastern Virginia. Robert K. Rose and Erin A. Dreelin. 113 Abstracts missing from Volume 62 Number 1 & 2 123 Academy Minutes 127 The Horsley Award paper for 2011 135 Virginia Journal of Science Volume 62, Number 3 Fall 2011 Breeding Biology of Oryzomys Palustris, the Marsh Rice Rat, in Eastern Virginia Robert K. Rose1 and Erin A. Dreelin2, Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529-0266 ABSTRACT The objectives of our study were to determine the age of maturity, litter size, and the timing of the breeding season of marsh rice rats (Oryzomys palustris) of coastal Virginia. From May 1995 to May 1996, monthly samples of rice rats were live-trapped in two coastal tidal marshes of eastern Virginia, and then necropsied. Sexual maturity was attained at 30-40 g for both sexes. Mean litter size of 4.63 (n = 16) did not differ among months or in mass or parity classes. Data from two other studies conducted in the same county, one of them contemporaneous, also were examined. Based on necropsy, rice rats bred from March to October; breeding did not occur in December-February. By contrast, rice rats observed during monthly trapping on nearby live-trap grids were judged, using external indicators, to be breeding year-round except January. Compared to internal examinations, external indicators of reproductive condition were not reliable for either sex in predicting breeding status in the marsh rice rat.
    [Show full text]
  • Weed Risk Assessment: Centaurea Calcitrapa
    Weed Risk Assessment: Centaurea calcitrapa 1. Plant Details Taxonomy: Centaurea calcitrapa L. Family Asteraceae. Common names: star thistle, purple star thistle, red star thistle. Origins: Native to Europe (Hungary, Switzerland, Czechoslovakia, Russian Federation, Ukraine, Albania, Greece, Italy, Romania, Yugoslavia, France, Portugal, Spain), Macaronesia (Canary Islands, Madeira Islands), temperate Asia (Cyprus, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey) and North Africa (Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, Tunisia) (GRIN database). Naturalised Distribution: Naturalised in New Zealand, South Africa, Central America, South America, the United States of America (eg. naturalised in 14 states, mostly in northwest including California, Idaho, Washington, Wyoming, New Mexico, Oregon, Arizona) (USDA plants database), and Australia (GRIN database). Description: C. calcitrapa is an erect, bushy and spiny biannual herb that is sometimes behaves as an annual or short-lived perennial. It grows to 1 m tall. Young stems and leaves have fine, cobweb-like hairs that fall off over time. Older stems are much-branched, straggly, woody, sparsely hairy, without wings or spines and whitish to pale green. Lower leaves are deeply divided while upper leaves are generally narrow and undivided. Rosette leaves are deeply divided and older rosettes have a circle of spines in the centre. This is the initial, infertile, flower head. Numerous flowers are produced on the true flowering stem and vary from lavender to a deep purple colour. Bracts end in a sharp, rigid white to yellow spines. Seed is straw coloured and blotched with dark brown spots. The pappus is reduced or absent. Bristles are absent. Seeds are 3-4mm long, smooth and ovoid. The root is a fleshy taproot (Parsons and Cuthbertson, 2001) (Moser, L.
    [Show full text]
  • Agri-Environment Nectar Chemistry Suppresses Parasite Social Epidemiology in an 2 Important Pollinator
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.30.428928; this version posted February 1, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 Agri-environment nectar chemistry suppresses parasite social epidemiology in an 2 important pollinator (1,#) (2) (2) (2,3) (1) 3 Arran J. Folly* , Hauke Koch , Iain W. Farrell , Philip C. Stevenson , Mark J.F. Brown 4 (1) Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Behaviour, Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences and the Environment, Royal 5 Holloway University of London, Egham, UK (2) Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK (3) Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, 6 Kent, UK 7 8 *Corresponding author: Arran J. Folly: [email protected] 9 #Current address: Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Surrey, UK 10 11 Emergent infectious diseases are a principal driver of biodiversity loss globally. The population 12 and range declines of a suite of North American bumblebees, a group of important pollinators, 13 have been linked to emergent infection with the microsporidian Nosema bombi. Previous work 14 has shown that phytochemicals in pollen and nectar can negatively impact parasites in individual 15 bumblebees, but how this relates to social epidemiology and by extension whether plants can be 16 effectively used as disease management strategies remains unexplored. Here we show that 17 caffeine, identified in the nectar of Sainfoin, a constituent of agri-environment schemes, 18 significantly reduced N.
    [Show full text]
  • B a N I S T E R I A
    B A N I S T E R I A A JOURNAL DEVOTED TO THE NATURAL HISTORY OF VIRGINIA ISSN 1066-0712 Published by the Virginia Natural History Society The Virginia Natural History Society (VNHS) is a nonprofit organization dedicated to the dissemination of scientific information on all aspects of natural history in the Commonwealth of Virginia, including botany, zoology, ecology, archaeology, anthropology, paleontology, geology, geography, and climatology. The society’s periodical Banisteria is a peer-reviewed, open access, online-only journal. Submitted manuscripts are published individually immediately after acceptance. A single volume is compiled at the end of each year and published online. The Editor will consider manuscripts on any aspect of natural history in Virginia or neighboring states if the information concerns a species native to Virginia or if the topic is directly related to regional natural history (as defined above). Biographies and historical accounts of relevance to natural history in Virginia also are suitable for publication in Banisteria. Membership dues and inquiries about back issues should be directed to the Co-Treasurers, and correspondence regarding Banisteria to the Editor. For additional information regarding the VNHS, including other membership categories, annual meetings, field events, pdf copies of papers from past issues of Banisteria, and instructions for prospective authors visit http://virginianaturalhistorysociety.com/ Editorial Staff: Banisteria Editor Todd Fredericksen, Ferrum College 215 Ferrum Mountain Road Ferrum, Virginia 24088 Associate Editors Philip Coulling, Nature Camp Incorporated Clyde Kessler, Virginia Tech Nancy Moncrief, Virginia Museum of Natural History Karen Powers, Radford University Stephen Powers, Roanoke College C. L. Staines, Smithsonian Environmental Research Center Copy Editor Kal Ivanov, Virginia Museum of Natural History Copyright held by the author(s).
    [Show full text]
  • GULF CORDGRASS but Older Mature Plants Are Too Tough Even for Horses
    Plant Fact Sheet prescribed burn. The new, young shoots are tender, GULF CORDGRASS but older mature plants are too tough even for horses. Spartina spartinae (Trin.) Status Merr. ex A.S. Hitchc. Please consult the PLANTS Web site and your State Plant Symbol = SPSP Department of Natural Resources for this plant’s current status (e.g. threatened or endangered species, Contributed by: USDA NRCS Kika de la Garza Plant state noxious status, and wetland indicator values). Materials Center Description Gulf cordgrass is a stout, native, perennial grass that grows in dense clumps. It has a non-rhizomatous base, although occasionally it can be sub-rhizomatous towards the outer edges of the clump. Also called sacahuista, the tips of this grass’s leaf blades are sharp and spine-like. It flowers in spring, summer, and rarely in the fall. It is moderately saline tolerant (0-18 ppt.), and does well in mesic areas. It can even grow in soils that are occasionally submerged, but are above sea level most of the time. The genus name comes from the Greek word “spartine’, meaning cord from spartes or Spartium junceum. The genus name probably was given because the leaf blades are tough, like cords; hence, the common name cordgrass. Adaptation and Distribution Gulf cordgrass grows along the Gulf Coast from USDA NRCS Kika de la Garza Plant Materials Center Florida to Texas, and South into Eastern Mexico. Kingsville, TX More rarely, gulf cordgrass grows inland in marshes, swamps, and moist prairies. It can also be found Alternate Names along the Caribbean coasts, and inland in Argentina sacahuista, Vilfa spartinae Trin.
    [Show full text]
  • Salt Marsh Dieback: the Response of Spartina Alterniflora To
    SALT MARSH DIEBACK: THE RESPONSE OF SPARTINA ALTERNIFLORA TO DISTURBANCES AND THE CONSEQUENCES FOR MARSH INVERTEBRATES by CAROLINE ROCHESTER MCFARLIN (Under the Direction of Merryl Alber) ABSTRACT Spartina alterniflora is a foundation species that plays a disproportionately critical role in salt marshes, as it ameliorates chemical and physical stress to other plants and animals, provides essential habitat, protection from predators, and a source of organic matter to associated fauna. Disturbances including sudden dieback, herbivore overgrazing, and wrack deposition can lead to a loss of Spartina and thus, indirectly affect the invertebrate community. My goals were 1) to examine the effects on the invertebrate communities in 2 different geographical regions (GA, LA) and among 4 different disturbances within a region (GA), 2) to determine whether various disturbances would elicit a similar and predictable physiological response (the DMSO:DMSP ratio, and metal load) in Spartina that could be used as a sensitive and predictable indicator of stress among various disturbance types, and 3) to document the never before described long-term trajectory and patterns of recovery from sudden dieback in a Spartina and Juncus roemerianus marsh. Spartina loss in GA and LA led to similar decreases in Littoraria irrorata (periwinkle snails), but there were strong differences in the responses of infauna between the states and among years. These results suggested context-dependency in both the effect of foundation species within a geographical region and in the evaluation of the ecosystem service provided at the time of sampling. Overall and despite differing results, it was found that Spartina was ultimately was important in maintaining the invertebrate communities in both states.
    [Show full text]
  • Introductory Grass Identification Workshop University of Houston Coastal Center 23 September 2017
    Broadleaf Woodoats (Chasmanthium latifolia) Introductory Grass Identification Workshop University of Houston Coastal Center 23 September 2017 1 Introduction This 5 hour workshop is an introduction to the identification of grasses using hands- on dissection of diverse species found within the Texas middle Gulf Coast region (although most have a distribution well into the state and beyond). By the allotted time period the student should have acquired enough knowledge to identify most grass species in Texas to at least the genus level. For the sake of brevity grass physiology and reproduction will not be discussed. Materials provided: Dried specimens of grass species for each student to dissect Jewelry loupe 30x pocket glass magnifier Battery-powered, flexible USB light Dissecting tweezer and needle Rigid white paper background Handout: - Grass Plant Morphology - Types of Grass Inflorescences - Taxonomic description and habitat of each dissected species. - Key to all grass species of Texas - References - Glossary Itinerary (subject to change) 0900: Introduction and house keeping 0905: Structure of the course 0910: Identification and use of grass dissection tools 0915- 1145: Basic structure of the grass Identification terms Dissection of grass samples 1145 – 1230: Lunch 1230 - 1345: Field trip of area and collection by each student of one fresh grass species to identify back in the classroom. 1345 - 1400: Conclusion and discussion 2 Grass Structure spikelet pedicel inflorescence rachis culm collar internode ------ leaf blade leaf sheath node crown fibrous roots 3 Grass shoot. The above ground structure of the grass. Root. The below ground portion of the main axis of the grass, without leaves, nodes or internodes, and absorbing water and nutrients from the soil.
    [Show full text]
  • Flowering Phenology As a Functional Trait in a Tallgrass Prairie
    Research Flowering phenology as a functional trait in a tallgrass prairie Joseph M. Craine1, Elizabeth M. Wolkovich2, E. Gene Towne1 and Steven W. Kembel3 1Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA; 2Ecology, Behavior & Evolution Section, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive #0116, La Jolla, CA 92093,USA; 3Center for Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA Summary Author for correspondence: • The timing of flowering is a critical component of the ecology of plants and has the poten- Joseph M. Craine tial to structure plant communities. Yet, we know little about how the timing of flowering Tel: +1 785 532 3062 relates to other functional traits, species abundance, and average environmental conditions. Email: [email protected] • Here, we assessed first flowering dates (FFDs) in a North American tallgrass prairie (Konza Received: 18 August 2011 Prairie) for 431 herbaceous species and compared them with a series of other functional traits, Accepted: 29 September 2011 environmental metrics, and species abundance across ecological contrasts. • The pattern of FFDs among the species of the Konza grassland was shaped by local climate, New Phytologist (2011) can be linked to resource use by species, and patterns of species abundance across the land- doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03953.x scape. Peak FFD for the community occurred when soils were typically both warm and wet, while relatively few species began flowering when soils tended to be the driest. Compared with late-flowering species, species that flowered early had lower leaf tissue density and were Key words: climate, community assembly, drought, grass, Konza Prairie.
    [Show full text]
  • Yorkhill Green Spaces Wildlife Species List
    Yorkhill Green Spaces Wildlife Species List April 2021 update Yorkhill Green Spaces Species list Draft list of animals, plants, fungi, mosses and lichens recorded from Yorkhill, Glasgow. Main sites: Yorkhill Park, Overnewton Park and Kelvinhaugh Park (AKA Cherry Park). Other recorded sites: bank of River Kelvin at Bunhouse Rd/ Old Dumbarton Rd, Clyde Expressway path, casual records from streets and gardens in Yorkhill. Species total: 711 Vertebrates: Amhibians:1, Birds: 57, Fish: 7, Mammals (wild): 15 Invertebrates: Amphipods: 1, Ants: 3, Bees: 26, Beetles: 21, Butterflies: 11, Caddisflies: 2, Centipedes: 3, Earthworms: 2, Earwig: 1, Flatworms: 1, Flies: 61, Grasshoppers: 1, Harvestmen: 2, Lacewings: 2, Mayflies: 2, Mites: 4, Millipedes: 3, Moths: 149, True bugs: 13, Slugs & snails: 21, Spiders: 14, Springtails: 2, Wasps: 13, Woodlice: 5 Plants: Flowering plants: 174, Ferns: 5, Grasses: 13, Horsetail: 1, Liverworts: 7, Mosses:17, Trees: 19 Fungi and lichens: Fungi: 24, Lichens: 10 Conservation Status: NameSBL - Scottish Biodiversity List Priority Species Birds of Conservation Concern - Red List, Amber List Last Common name Species Taxon Record Common toad Bufo bufo amphiban 2012 Australian landhopper Arcitalitrus dorrieni amphipod 2021 Black garden ant Lasius niger ant 2020 Red ant Myrmica rubra ant 2021 Red ant Myrmica ruginodis ant 2014 Buff-tailed bumblebee Bombus terrestris bee 2021 Garden bumblebee Bombus hortorum bee 2020 Tree bumblebee Bombus hypnorum bee 2021 Heath bumblebee Bombus jonellus bee 2020 Red-tailed bumblebee Bombus
    [Show full text]
  • Thistle Identification Referee 2017
    Thistle Identification Referee 2017 Welcome to the Thistle Identification Referee. The purpose of the referee is to review morphological characters that are useful for identification of thistle and knapweed fruits, as well as review useful resources for making decisions on identification and classification of species as noxious weed seeds. Using the Identification Guide for Some Common and Noxious Thistle and Knapweed Fruits (Meyer 2017) and other references of your choosing, please answer the questions below (most are multiple choice). Use the last page of this document as your answer sheet for the questions. Please send your answer sheet to Deborah Meyer via email ([email protected]) by May 26, 2017. Be sure to fill in your name, lab name, and email address on the answer sheet to receive CE credit. 1. In the Asteraceae, the pappus represents this floral structure: a. Modified stigma b. Modified corolla c. Modified calyx d. Modified perianth 2. Which of the following species has an epappose fruit? a. Centaurea calcitrapa b. Cirsium vulgare c. Onopordum acaulon d. Cynara cardunculus 3. Which of the following genera has a pappus comprised of plumose bristles? a. Centaurea b. Carduus c. Silybum d. Cirsium 4. Which of the following species has the largest fruits? a. Cirsium arvense b. Cirsium japonicum c. Cirsium undulatum d. Cirsium vulgare 5. Which of the following species has a pappus that hides the style base? a. Volutaria muricata b. Mantisalca salmantica c. Centaurea solstitialis d. Crupina vulgaris 6. Which of the following species is classified as a noxious weed seed somewhere in the United States? a.
    [Show full text]
  • Wildflowers of Scotland
    Seed Origin and Quality Wildflowers of Scotland At Scotia Seeds we use our years of experience to ensure that the wildflower seed We are the leading producers of wildflower we supply is of the highest quality possible and seeds in Scotland and are committed to can be traced back to original collections in the providing the range and quality of seeds you wild. require. We have a wide range of species that we can Seed Origin provide. As well as the ones here in the All of the wildflower seeds we produce can be catalogue; please contact us if you are looking traced back to the sites where the original wild for a species not in our catalogue. plants grow. From these sites we collect a small amount of seed which is then sown on page Contents our farm to give us crops from which we can harvest a larger amount of seed. Seed Quality and Origin 2 We are signatories to the Flora Locale Code of Practice for Collectors, Growers and Suppliers Seed Packets 3 of Native Flora that ensures responsible collection and sale of native British plants. Establishing a Wildflower Meadow 11 Quality Yellow Rattle 13 We test samples of all our seed crops for germination and purity, to ensure that they have reached our stringent standards. Sowing Rates 14 Our quality laboratory specialises in testing the seeds of wildflowers and trees. For most of the Meadow Mixtures 15 species we test we have developed our own procedures in a research programme funded by How to Order 26 a Scottish Executive SMART Award.
    [Show full text]