Weed Risk Assessment: Centaurea Calcitrapa
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Caution Restricted Use Pesticide
RESTRICTED USE PESTICIDE May Injure (Phytotoxic) Susceptible, Non-Target Plants. For retail sale to and use only by Certified Applicators or persons under their direct supervision and only for those uses covered by the Certified Applicator's certification. Commercial certified applicators must also ensure that all persons involved in these activities are informed of the precautionary statements. DOC ID 551929 June 23, 2017 For control of annual and perennial broadleaf weeds, woody plants, and vines on CAUTION • forest sites, conifer plantations • non-cropland areas including, but not limited to, Agricultural Use Requirements airports, barrow ditches, communication transmission Use this product only in accordance with its labeling and with lines, electric power and utility rights-of-way, fencerows, the Worker Protection Standard, 40 CFR part 170. Refer to label gravel pits, industrial sites, military sites, mining and booklet under "Agricultural Use Requirements" in the Directions drilling areas, oil and gas pads, parking lots, petroleum for Use section for information about this standard. tank farms, pipelines, railroads, roadsides, storage For additional Precautionary Statements, First Aid, Storage and areas, substations, unimproved rough turf grasses, Disposal and other use information see inside this label. • natural areas (open space), for example campgrounds, parks, prairie management, trails and trailheads, Notice: Read the entire label. Use only according to label recreation areas, wildlife openings, and wildlife habitat directions. Before using this product, read Warranty Disclaimer, Inherent Risks of Use, and Limitation of Remedies at end and management areas of label booklet. If terms are unacceptable, return at • including grazed or hayed areas in and around these sites once unopened. -
Squarrose Knapweed EXOTIC Centaurea Virgata Ssp
southwestlearning.org AME R ICAN SOUTHWEST SPECIES FACT SHEET Asteraceae (Sunflower family) Squarrose Knapweed EXOTIC Centaurea virgata ssp. squarrosa At a Glance • Perennial • Highly branched stems that grow one to three feet tall. SITY • Lower leaves are deeply dissected, but the upper leaves R are entire and linear. • Flowers are pink to pale-purple. • Flowerheads have four to eight florets and appear more slender than the flowerheads of other knapweeds. • The bracts underneath the flower have a central spine that curves backwards. • Fruit is a golden to dark-brown achene. UNIVE STATE UTAH / DEWEY STEVE The bracts underneath the flower of squarrose knapweed have Habitat and Ecology a central spine that curves backwards. Squarrose knapweed (Centaurea virgata ssp. squarrosa) is present in Utah, Nevada, California, Oregon, Wisconsin, spotted (Centaurea maculosa) or diffuse knapweed (Cen- and Michigan. How it was introduced to North America is taurea diffusa). Squarrose knapweed is not palatable to unknown. Squarrose knapweed often grows on degraded livestock and can form monocultures. Its taxonomic status rangeland soils and tolerates drought and cold better than is uncertain: it is also known as Centaurea squarrosa and Centaurea virgata. Description Squarrose knapweed is a long-lived perennial with highly branched stems that grow one to three feet tall. The stems grow above a woody crown and stout taproot. Under unfa- vorable conditions, the plants remain as basal rosettes be- fore developing flowering stems. Squarrose knapweed re- produces by seed. The seed head falls near the parent plant, but the backwards-curved spines under the seed head can cling to hair, wool, fur, and clothing, allowing the seeds to disperse over greater distances. -
A Structural Growth Model of the Invasive Weed Species Yellow Starthistle, Centaurea Solstitialis L
A Structural Growth Model of the Invasive Weed Species Yellow Starthistle, Centaurea solstitialis L. 1Thornby, D., 2J. Garren, 2R. Carruthers, 2D. Spencer and 2J.P. Weber 1Queensland Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries 2USDA Agricultural Research Service; Email: [email protected] Keywords: Centaurea solstitialis, yellow starthistle, structural model, LStudio, L-systems. EXTENDED ABSTRACT Yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis L.) is a summer-flowering annual plant of the family Asteraceae, and a significant weed of roadsides, pasture and grasslands in California. It is also distributed, though with less economic and ecological significance, throughout the US and in other temperate parts of the world. Yellow starthistle grows vigorously during the dormant period for most native species in its grasslands habitat, is able to access deep soil moisture reserves, and being particularly spiny, reduces land value for both animal fodder and human recreation. It is a prolific seed producer and seed spreads readily through contact with animals, people, and vehicles. As with many weeds, yellow starthistle's structure and growth patterns have been relatively little- Figure 1. Virtual yellow starthistle studied. It is hoped that studying the ontogenesis and morphogenesis of yellow starthistle will help Stochasticity was added to the model, so that it uncover information that can assist in improving reproduces a range of plants of different sizes and control strategies, as well as providing a morphologies, within the range of likely sizes visualisation tool for disseminating detailed observed in the data for each field site. knowledge about this plant's growth and development to stakeholders in a readily understood way. -
Thistle Identification Referee 2017
Thistle Identification Referee 2017 Welcome to the Thistle Identification Referee. The purpose of the referee is to review morphological characters that are useful for identification of thistle and knapweed fruits, as well as review useful resources for making decisions on identification and classification of species as noxious weed seeds. Using the Identification Guide for Some Common and Noxious Thistle and Knapweed Fruits (Meyer 2017) and other references of your choosing, please answer the questions below (most are multiple choice). Use the last page of this document as your answer sheet for the questions. Please send your answer sheet to Deborah Meyer via email ([email protected]) by May 26, 2017. Be sure to fill in your name, lab name, and email address on the answer sheet to receive CE credit. 1. In the Asteraceae, the pappus represents this floral structure: a. Modified stigma b. Modified corolla c. Modified calyx d. Modified perianth 2. Which of the following species has an epappose fruit? a. Centaurea calcitrapa b. Cirsium vulgare c. Onopordum acaulon d. Cynara cardunculus 3. Which of the following genera has a pappus comprised of plumose bristles? a. Centaurea b. Carduus c. Silybum d. Cirsium 4. Which of the following species has the largest fruits? a. Cirsium arvense b. Cirsium japonicum c. Cirsium undulatum d. Cirsium vulgare 5. Which of the following species has a pappus that hides the style base? a. Volutaria muricata b. Mantisalca salmantica c. Centaurea solstitialis d. Crupina vulgaris 6. Which of the following species is classified as a noxious weed seed somewhere in the United States? a. -
Weed: Yellow Starthistle (Centaurea Solstitialis L.)
Weed: Yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis L.) Family: Asteraceae (Sunflower family) Images: Brief Plant Description: (Summarized from Healy, E. and J. DiTomaso, Yellow Starthistle Fact Sheet, http://wric.ucdavis.edu/yst/biology/yst_fact_sheet.html) The seed leaves (cotyledons) are oblong to spatulate, 6-9 mm long and 3-5 mm wide, base wedge- shaped, tip +/- squared and glabrous. First few rosette leaves typically oblanceolate. Subsequent rosette leaves oblanceolate, entire to pinnate-lobed. Terminal lobes largest. Later rosette leaves to 15 cm long and are typically deeply lobed +/- to midrib and appear ruffled. Surfaces +/- densely covered with fine cottony hairs. Lobes mostly acute, with toothed to wavy margins. Terminal lobes +/- triangular to lanceolate. Mature plants have stiff stems, openly branched from near or above the base or sometimes not branched in very small plants. Stem leaves alternate, mostly linear or +/- narrowly oblong to oblanceolate. Margins smooth, toothed, or wavy. Leaf bases extend down the stems (decurrent) and give stems a winged appearance. Rosette leaves typically withered by flowering time. Largest stem wings typically to ~ 3 mm wide. Lower stem leaves sometimes +/- deeply pinnate-lobed. Foliage grayish- to bluish-green, densely covered with fine white cottony hairs that +/- hide thick stiff hairs and glands. Flower heads ovoid, spiny, solitary on stem tips, consist of numerous yellow disk flowers. Phyllaries palmately spined, with one long central spine and 2 or more pairs of short lateral spines. Insect- pollinated. Flowers mid-summer to fall. Corollas mostly 13-20 mm long. Involucre (phyllaries as a unit) ~ 12-18 mm long. Phyllaries +/- dense to sparsely covered with cottony hairs or with patches at the spine bases. -
Seed Set in a Non-Native, Self-Compatible Thistle on Santa Cruz Island: Implications for the Invasion of an Island Ecosystem
SEED SET IN A NON-NATIVE, SELF-COMPATIBLE THISTLE ON SANTA CRUZ ISLAND: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE INVASION OF AN ISLAND ECOSYSTEM JOHN F. BARTHELL1, ROBBIN W. THORP2, ADRIAN M. WENNER3, JOHN M. RANDALL4 AND DEBORAH S. MITCHELL5 1Department of Biology & Joe C. Jackson College of Graduate Studies & Research, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, OK 73034; [email protected] 2Department of Entomology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 3Department of Ecology, Evolution & Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 4The Nature Conservancy, Invasive Species Program Initiative & Department of Vegetable Crops, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 5Animal Medical Center, Edmond, OK 73034 Abstract—In two previous studies we demonstrated a positive association between honey bee visitation and seed set or seed head weight in the invasive yellow star-thistle, Centaurea solstitialis. However, as reported here, we were unable to find similar evidence for the congeneric tocalote, Centaurea melitensis. Both seed head weights and percent seed set levels obtained from two plots showed no significant differences among four treatments. Indeed, no significant differences occurred between controls (open) and bagged flower heads that excluded honey bees (but allowed native bee visitation). There were also no differences between controls and complete exclusion of bee-pollinators, confirming self-compatibility reported for this species elsewhere. Unlike C. solstitialis, C. melitensis attracts relatively low numbers of honey bees. In addition, C. melitensis is generally more widespread on the Channel Islands than C. solstitialis. We discuss these patterns with reference to the invasiveness of both species on Santa Cruz Island. Keywords: Apis mellifera, Centaurea solstitialis, honey bee, invasive species, pollination, yellow star- thistle INTRODUCTION environments is subject to controversy, increasingly so during the last decade. -
Population Buildup and Combined Impact of Introduced Insects on Yellow Starthistle (Centaurea Solstitialis L.) in California
Proceedings of the X International Symposium on Biological Control of Weeds 747 4-14 July 1999, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA Neal R. Spencer [ed.]. pp. 747-751 (2000) Population Buildup and Combined Impact of Introduced Insects on Yellow Starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis L.) in California MICHAEL J. PITCAIRN1, DALE. M. WOODS1, DONALD. B. JOLEY1, CHARLES E. TURNER2, and JOSEPH K. BALCIUNAS2 1California Department of Food and Agriculture, Biological Control Program, 3288 Meadowview Road, Sacramento, California 95832, USA 2United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, California 94710, USA Abstract Seven exotic seed head insects have been introduced into the western United States for control of yellow starthistle. Six are established; three are widespread. Preliminary evaluations suggest that no one insect species will be able to reduce yellow starthistle abundance in California. Rather, a combination of the current, and possibly, future natu- ral enemies may be necessary. Studies were initiated in 1993 to evaluate the population buildup, combined impact, and interaction of all available biological control insects on yellow starthistle. Three field sites were established in different climatic regions where yellow starthistle is abundant. Four insects, Bangasternus orientalis, Urophora sirunase- va, Eustenopus villosus, and Larinus curtus, were released at each site in 1993 and 1994 and long-term monitoring was initiated. The accidentally-introduced insect, Chaetorellia succinea, was recovered in 1996-98 at these sites. Four years after the first releases, we have evidence that these biological control agents are having an impact on yellow starthistle seed production that may translate into a decline in mature plant populations. -
(Centaurea Stoebe Ssp. Micranthos) Biological Control Insects in Michigan
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Valparaiso University The Great Lakes Entomologist Volume 47 Numbers 3 & 4 - Fall/Winter 2014 Numbers 3 & Article 3 4 - Fall/Winter 2014 October 2014 Establishment, Impacts, and Current Range of Spotted Knapweed (Centaurea Stoebe Ssp. Micranthos) Biological Control Insects in Michigan B. D. Carson Michigan State University C. A. Bahlai Missouri State University D. A. Landis Michigan State University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle Part of the Entomology Commons Recommended Citation Carson, B. D.; Bahlai, C. A.; and Landis, D. A. 2014. "Establishment, Impacts, and Current Range of Spotted Knapweed (Centaurea Stoebe Ssp. Micranthos) Biological Control Insects in Michigan," The Great Lakes Entomologist, vol 47 (2) Available at: https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle/vol47/iss2/3 This Peer-Review Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Biology at ValpoScholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Great Lakes Entomologist by an authorized administrator of ValpoScholar. For more information, please contact a ValpoScholar staff member at [email protected]. Carson et al.: Establishment, Impacts, and Current Range of Spotted Knapweed (<i 2014 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST 129 Establishment, Impacts, and Current Range of Spotted Knapweed (Centaurea stoebe ssp. micranthos) Biological Control Insects in Michigan B. D. Carson1, C. A. Bahlai1, and D. A. Landis1* Abstract Centaurea stoebe L. ssp. micranthos (Gugler) Hayek (spotted knapweed) is an invasive plant that has been the target of classical biological control in North America for more than four decades. -
State Weed List
Class A Weeds: Non-native species whose distribution ricefield bulrush Schoenoplectus hoary alyssum Berteroa incana in Washington is still limited. Preventing new infestations and mucronatus houndstongue Cynoglossum officinale eradicating existing infestations are the highest priority. sage, clary Salvia sclarea indigobush Amorpha fruticosa Eradication of all Class A plants is required by law. sage, Mediterranean Salvia aethiopis knapweed, black Centaurea nigra silverleaf nightshade Solanum elaeagnifolium knapweed, brown Centaurea jacea Class B Weeds: Non-native species presently limited to small-flowered jewelweed Impatiens parviflora portions of the State. Species are designated for required knapweed, diffuse Centaurea diffusa control in regions where they are not yet widespread. South American Limnobium laevigatum knapweed, meadow Centaurea × gerstlaueri Preventing new infestations in these areas is a high priority. spongeplant knapweed, Russian Rhaponticum repens In regions where a Class B species is already abundant, Spanish broom Spartium junceum knapweed, spotted Centaurea stoebe control is decided at the local level, with containment as the Syrian beancaper Zygophyllum fabago knotweed, Bohemian Fallopia × bohemica primary goal. Please contact your County Noxious Weed Texas blueweed Helianthus ciliaris knotweed, giant Fallopia sachalinensis Control Board to learn which species are designated for thistle, Italian Carduus pycnocephalus knotweed, Himalayan Persicaria wallichii control in your area. thistle, milk Silybum marianum knotweed, -
DIFFUSE KNAPWEED (Centaurea Diffusa)
DIFFUSE KNAPWEED (Centaurea diffusa) Family: Asteraceae (Aster) Life Cycle: Biennial to Perennial Class: B - Control Required AKA: White knapweed Spokane County Noxious Weed Control Board · www.SpokaneCounty.org/WeedBoard 509-477-5777 · 222 N Havana St, Spokane WA 99202 · @spokanenoxiousweeds DIFFUSE KNAPWEED DESCRIPTION • Most flowers white, but may be light purple Growth Traits: Biennial to short-lived perennial; bushy plant growing to three and a half feet tall. Long taproot. • 20% to 50% of plants break from root crown Begins as basal rosette, then develops a main stem that and become tumbleweeds, spreading seeds branches extensively. Heavy branching makes a bushy, • May hybridize with spotted knapweed rounded plant. Knapweeds are allelopathic; they exude chemicals that inhibit the growth of nearby plants • Native to eastern Europe and western Asia creating an environment in which they can spread and CONTROL METHODS form monocultures more rapidly. Mechanical: Hand pulling feasible for small Leaves and Stems: Leaves and stems covered in short populations; ensure roots are removed and pull coarse hairs, giving plant gray-green appearance. new plants multiple times through season. Leaves and stems feel somewhat coarse. Basal leaves are deeply lobed. Upper leaves are linear and not Mowing at late bud to early flower stage, two to lobed. Stems branch extensively. four times per season, can reduce seed production. Mowing can encourage plants to Flowers: Blooms June - September. Flowers typically bloom and set seed at mower blade height. white, but may be pale purple. Flower bracts fringed Regular cultivation will control knapweed; always with spines, and end in a spine that extends away from clean equipment before removing from infested the flowerhead. -
Insects and Fungi Associated with Carduus Thistles (Com Positae)
t I:iiW 12.5 I:iiW 1.0 W ~ 1.0 W ~ wW .2 J wW l. W 1- W II:"" W "II ""II.i W ft ~ :: ~ ........ 1.1 ....... j 11111.1 I II f .I I ,'"'' 1.25 ""11.4 111111.6 ""'1.25 111111.4 11111 /.6 MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART I NATIONAL BlIREAU Of STANDARDS-1963-A NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS-1963-A I~~SECTS AND FUNGI ;\SSOCIATED WITH (~ARDUUS THISTLES (COMPOSITAE) r.-::;;;:;· UNITED STATES TECHNICAL PREPARED BY • DEPARTMENT OF BULLETIN SCIENCE AND G AGRICULTURE NUMBER 1616 EDUCATION ADMINISTRATION ABSTRACT Batra, S. W. T., J. R. Coulson, P. H. Dunn, and P. E. Boldt. 1981. Insects and fungi associated with Carduus thistles (Com positae). U.S. Department of Agriculture, Technical Bulletin No. 1616, 100 pp. Six Eurasian species of Carduus thistles (Compositae: Cynareael are troublesome weeds in North America. They are attacked by about 340 species of phytophagous insects, including 71 that are oligophagous on Cynareae. Of these Eurasian insects, 39 were ex tensively tested for host specificity, and 5 of them were sufficiently damf..ghg and stenophagous to warrant their release as biological control agents in North America. They include four beetles: Altica carduorum Guerin-Meneville, repeatedly released but not estab lished; Ceutorhynchus litura (F.), established in Canada and Montana on Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.; Rhinocyllus conicus (Froelich), widely established in the United States and Canada and beginning to reduce Carduus nutans L. populations; Trichosirocalus horridus ~Panzer), established on Carduus nutans in Virginia; and the fly Urophora stylata (F.), established on Cirsium in Canada. -
Purple Starthistle Centaurea Calcitrapa Reviewer Affiliation/Organization Date (Mm/Dd/Yyyy) Monika Chandler Minn Dept of Ag 08/03/15
MN NWAC Risk Common Name Latin Name Assessment Worksheet (04-2011) Purple Starthistle Centaurea calcitrapa Reviewer Affiliation/Organization Date (mm/dd/yyyy) Monika Chandler Minn Dept of Ag 08/03/15 Bo Question Answer Outcome x 1 Is the plant species or genotype non-native? Yes, it is native to southern Europe and North Africa (Roche and Go to Box 3 Roche 1990). It is primarily a biennial but can function as an annual or short-lived perennial. 3 Is the plant species, or a related species, It is a prohibited noxious weed in Arizona, California, Nevada, Go to Box 6 documented as being a problem elsewhere? Oregon and Washington (USDA, NRCS 2015) It is a temporary noxious weed on Idaho’s statewide early detection and rapid response list (www.agri.state.id.us/Categories/PlantsInsects/NoxiousWeeds/w atchlist.php). Cal-IPC category is moderate (DiTomaso et al 2007). 6 Does the plant species have the capacity to establish and survive in Minnesota? A. Is the plant, or a close relative, currently Not recorded in Minnesota although some Centaurea species are Go to Question B established in Minnesota? established in Minnesota. B. Has the plant become established in areas It is in Iowa, Illinois, Indiana and Ontario (USDA, NRCS 2015). If this species is having a climate and growing conditions It is not documented in areas as cold as Minnesota and it is not cold hardy for similar to those found in Minnesota? unknown if this species could establish in Minnesota. MN, it is not a risk Do not list at this time 7 Does the plant species have the potential to reproduce and spread in Minnesota? A.