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The Study of Modernism in Simin Daneshvar's Novel Wondering Island

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The Study of Modernism in Simin Daneshvar's Novel Wondering Island The Study of Modernism in Simin Daneshvar’s Novel Wondering Island [PP: 25-34] Azadeh Khalifi (Corresponding author) Department of Persian Language and Literature Faculty of Literature and Foreign Languages, Arak University, Arak Iran Jalil Moshayedi Department of Persian Language and Literature Faculty of Literature and Foreign Languages, Arak University, Arak Iran ABSTRACT The novel Wondering Island was published in 1993 and has been widely welcomed by scholars and critics. Payandeh (2004) believes that despite the popularity of Simin Daneshvar in modern literature, her works have not yet been the subject of critical reading as they should be. From the perspective of stylistic and philosophical approaches, Payandeh believes that Wandering Island and Wandering Cameleer are postmodern and regarding the initial scene of the novel which is about Hasti’s dream, it carries a modern approach. Considering the significance of these two critical readings, this study aims to investigate modernism in Wondering Island using a qualitative method with an integrated deductive and inductive analysis. By reading this novel closely, it is revealed that contrary to Payandeh's point of view, Wondering Island is not a modern novel. The mere presence of elements similar to modern novels does not transform it into a modern work. This novel represents a building that maintains its certainty and stability in the midst of a chaotic modern society, a solid and beautiful building in a modern space but unrelated to it. Keywords: Modernism, Novel, Wandering Island, Hussein Payandeh, Simin Daneshvar ARTICLE The paper received on Reviewed on Accepted after revisions on INFO 01/01/2019 30/01/2019 05/04/2019 Suggested citation: Khalifi, A. & Moshayedi, J. (2019). The Study of Modernism in Simin Daneshvar’s Novel Wondering Island. International Journal of English Language & Translation Studies. 7(1). 25-34. 1. Introduction Several university articles also criticized the Simin Daneshvar is the first female Wandering Island, namely, Discourse novelist in Iran. Most of her reputation is Analysis of the Wandering Island and its due to the publication of the novel Suvashun Semantic Link with other Novels of Simin (1969); a novel that has been translated into Daneshvar by Ghobadi and Colloquial and seventeen languages. Golshiri in his book Multiple Narartors in the Wondering Island Struggle of Image with Painter argues that, novel by Simin Daneshvar by Salimi-Kochi before the publication of Suvashun, with two and Jahromi (2012). Ghobadi (2011) story collections and translations from employed Fairclough's model of critical Chekhov, Bernad Shaw, and others, Simin discourse analysis for investigating the Daneshvar was not a famous author, though, underlying meanings in Daneshvar's she was Jalal-Ale-Amad’s wife. After the Wondering Island with her other novels. She reputation of Suvashun, Daneshvar aimed to analyze components such as published the Wandering Island in 1993. wondering and settlement, ideology and This novel was supposed to be the first partisanism, identity and patriotism, and volume of a trilogy, the third volume of colonialism and the other's presence. She which was never published. Wandering concluded that the concept of uncertainty is Island was not as successful as Suvashun, prevalent all through the novels. Salimi- but it was welcomed by a number of Kochi has analyzed Wondering Island by scholars and critics from various aspects. considering the dialogues of Morad and For example, Yavari (2013) in the article Salim, and has concluded that the novel Reflection on the Mourning in Wandering features in polyphony. Hormozdi (2014) Island, using a psychoanalytic approach, believes that the novel's theme is mainly criticizes Ale-Ahmad's ideas in this novel. about relativism and philosophical International Journal of English Language & Translation Studies (www.eltsjournal.org) ISSN:2308-5460 Volume: 07 Issue: 01 January-March, 2019 uncertainty. She believes that "Daneshvar reduced it to an analysis at the levels of introduces the character of Salim through his figures of speech. This has misled others dialogues and other's narrative; however, into limiting their analysis at the levels of one cannot come to a logical conclusion novel writing techniques and strategies regarding this character and this shows the related the work to its being modern or philosophical nature of the novel, or its postmodern. Finally, Karimi (2018) has uncertainity" (p. 170). Hajati and Razi focused on the postmodern subject and its (2016) analyzes the novel through a difference with the postmodern subject postcolonial perspective indicating that two considering the philosophical underpinning main themes of the novel are self-alienation of postmodernism. The study analyzes through anxiety and self-realization, and subject in some postmodern Farsi novels. nationalism through relief and comfort. Considering the above argument, the Shakeri (2015) investigates the component present study seeks to examine the elements of time discussing the novel at three levels of modernism in Wandering Island. of organization, continuation, and frequency. 2. Literature Review Meanwhile, Payandeh (2013) believes Modernism is often seen as an that, so far as the popularity of Simin aesthetic and cultural reaction to the late Daneshvar in modern literature is concerned, modernity and the process of modernizing her works have not yet been the subject of society. Modernism forms in the context of critical reading. In the article Simin modernity. So, in order to understand Daneshvar, A Postmodern Scheherazade, modernism, it is imperative to examine the from the perspective of two stylistic and concept of modernity. In the late nineteenth philosophical approaches, Payandeh has and early twentieth centuries, modernity was considered Wandering Island and a movement that revealed its signs in all Wandering Cameleer (the second volume of aspects of life. Modernity was a the trilogy) as postmodern novels. comprehensive revolt and a sign to the end Moreover, in his article Opening the of realism. The importance of the city and wandering Island, he argues that the initial the urban communities that formed at that scene of the novel that is about Hasti’s time, ignoring rural communities and the dream carries a modern approach. Despite role of people in these societies, had an the significance of these two theories based undeniable impact on all aspects of the critical readings, they are problematic people’s life. because of the reduction of the novel in Modernism is usually considered as an several methods and techniques of novel artistic form which is either dependent upon writing, and the superficial and inaccurate time or the genre. It is mostly related to interpretation of the literary devices. For 1890 to 1930 period, considering the fact example, in the article Simin Daneshvar, A that it grew from the mid-nineteenth century Postmodern Scheherazade, Payandeh and its influence faded away in the mid- considered the conflict between several twentieth century. In terms of genres, characters on the death of Hasti’s father as a modernism has been accompanied by symbol of uncertainty in the novel. In innovation and creativity. The typical another example, Simin Daneshvar as one of aspects of this kind of "modernist" writing the novel’s character addresses Hasti in a are radical aesthetics, technical testing, dialogue as the person whose growth is spatial or rhythmic form instead of because of her. Payandeh reasoned that this calendrical form, conscious reflections, dialogue is the same postmodernist vicious skepticism about the idea of main human circle technique. But, when we read the subject and constant curiosity about the lack novel, what is simply implied from this of objective reality (Childs, 2010) sentence is the strong influence of Simin The traces of modernism movement in Daneshvar as Hasti’s professor on the poetry and story of Iran can be seen in formation of Hasti’s mind and thoughts. It Nima, Shamloo, Golestan and Barahani. does not mean that Simin Daneshvar as the Most scholars believe that the emergence of author of the novel has created Hasti. This modernism in Iran is due to the influence of claim is not supported in any part of the translation and familiarity of Iranian poets novel, and the presence of Simin and writers with modern Western literature. Daneshvar's character in the novel is like the Modernism in Iran, both in poetry and presence of other historical figures, story, was sometimes blended with obvious including Jalal Ale-Ahmad, not as the author social and traditional symbols. Some of the of the book. It should be mentioned that, features of modernists works are the though, such a reading of the novel has cinematic image as well as unrelatedness, Cite this article as: Khalifi, A. & Moshayedi, J. (2019). The Study of Modernism in Simin Daneshvar’s Novel Wondering Island. International Journal of English Language & Translation Studies. 7(1). 25-34. Page | 26 The Study of Modernism in Simin Daneshvar’s Novel Wondering… Azadeh Khalifi & Jalil Moshayedi the tendency to have no plan or story, the In the analysis of modernism, coordination of prose with the story and the mythologizing has been considered as a way attention to poetic prose or all in all the of ignoring history and avoiding coordination of the form with the content confrontation with the realities of modern and the unity of the part with the whole. The life. [...] The aim of using myth was to other features of Iran's modernity, since the compensate the dispersion of the modern late 40's are the obscurity and boundlessness world. That is to create guiding narratives of narratives, disrupting the time and the that can be meaningful by means of social place of narration, and creating exotic spaces and rapid interpretations consistent with which are the signs of stream of modernity (Childs, 2007, p. 218). consciousness and magical realism. Using a language full of signs and (Taslimi, 2014, pp. 218-222) symbols makes modern novels ambiguous.
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