STAMPS of Pennsylvania Number 6 in a Series • Created for free use in the public domain American Philatelic Society ©2009 www.stamps.org Early Pennsylvania History 1957 3c Religious Freedom (Scott 1099) A haven for religious freedom, Pennsylvania drew immigrants from many nations and faiths. William Penn encouraged many European sectarians to settle in his new colony, and settle they did: English and Welsh Quakers, plus Anglicans, 1924 1c Baptists, Presbyterians, Lutherans, 1983 20c Huguenot-Walloon Tercentenary Moravians, and Amish Mennonites, German Immigration Tricentennial (Scott 614) drawn from Holland, Sweden, (Scott 2040) Th e 1-cent stamp in the three-stamp Germany, Scotland, and Ireland. All More than three centuries ago, Hugenot-Walloon Tercentenary issue found safety, companionship, and in 1683, the Concord brought 13 depicts the ship New Netherland. In freedom to worship in the Keystone families of Germans immigrants May 1624, the ship landed at what State. from Krefeld to the Germantown is now New York some 30 families 1932 3c William Penn district of what is now northwestern of Huguenots — members of the Philadelphia. All but one family Protestant Reformed Church of 250th Anniversary of “the Frame of Government of Pennsylvania” were Mennonites or Reformed who France. Persecuted in their homeland, had conveted to Quakers, and all many Huguenots emigrated to the (Scott 724) William Penn was the founder and made the trip to seek a better life of United States. Some settled in central religious freedom and prosperity. Pennsylvania, and many of these the namesake of the English North American colony and the future state Th ey were but the fi rst of many assimilated with the predominately German immigrants who would Pennsylvanian German settlers. of Pennsylvania. Th is Quaker who planned and developed Philadelphia come to call Pennsylvania home. Surnames of Huguenot origin found Today, the largest single ancestry in the region include Forry, Free, also was known as an early champion of democracy and religious freedom group in Pennsylvania remains Laucks, Lorah, Motter, Rank, Ronk, German, at 28%, and many famous Ranck, and Zeller. and renowned for his good relations and fair treaties with Pennsylvania’s Pennsylvanians are proud of their Lenape Indians. One of the earlier German forebears. supporters of colonial unifi cation, Penn urged a Union of all the English colonies in what would one day be the United States. Th e principles Penn set forth in 1682 in “the Frame of Government of Pennsylvania” helped inspire the U.S. Constitution. 1990 15c Rittenhouse Paper Mill Tricentennial, Germantown postal card (Scott UX 145) In 1690 on the banks of the Monoshone Creek near Germantown, outside Philadelphia, William Rittenhouse founded the fi rst paper mill in the United States. Rittenhouse was born in Germany and learned papermaking in Holland. William was a Mennonite, the fi rst minister of that church in Germantown, and the fi rst Mennonite bishop in America. He teamed up to supply paper to the fi rst printer in Pennsylvania, William Bradford. © 2009 — Th e Scott numbers are the copyrighted property of Amos Press Inc., dba Scott Publishing Co. and are used here under a licensing agreement with Scott. Th e marks “Scott” and “Scott’s” are Registered in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Offi ce, and are trademarks of Amos Press, Inc. dba Scott Publishing Co. No use may be made of these marks or of material in this publication, which is reprinted from a copyrighted publication of Amos Press, Inc., without the express written permission of Amos Press, Inc., dba Scott Publishing Co., Sidney, Ohio 45365. Early Pennsylvania History 1957 3c Religious Freedom in America (Scott 1099) 1924 1c 1983 20c Huguenot-Walloon Tercentenary German Immigration Tricentennial (Scott 614) (Scott 2040) 1932 3c William Penn (Scott 724) 1990 15c Rittenhouse Paper Mill Tricentennial, Germantown postal card (Scott UX145) Pennsylvania On The Frontier 1930 2c Battle of Braddock’s Field (Scott 688) Th is July 9, 1755 engagement during the French and Indian Wars is also known as the Battle of the 1968 6c 1958 4c Bicentennial of the Monongahela, or even more simply Daniel Boone Capture of Fort Duquesne as Braddock’s Defeat. A poorly (Scott 1357) (Scott 1123) organized British force under Pioneer and frontiersman Daniel Established by the French in 1754, General Edward Braddock, moving Boone was born in 1734 in the Oley at the point where the Allegheny to take Fort Duquesne near what is Valley of Berks County, near what and Monongahela merge to form now Pittsburgh, was badly beaten is now Reading, Pennsylvania, the the Ohio River, Fort Duquesne by a force of French and Native sixth of eleven children in a family controlled settlement and for trade Americans. Th is disastrous defeat is of Quakers, Boone spent his early in what was then called “the Ohio chiefl y noteworthy for the work of years on what was then the western country” — claimed by both the one of Braddock’s aides in helping edge of the Pennsylvania frontier, French and the British. Th e French the wounded and rallying the troops. with American Indian villages held it during the French and Indian Erected at the battlefi eld when this nearby. Th e family moved to North War, turning back British attacks in stamp was issued, a statue of that aide Carolina in 1750. Five years later, 1755 and 1758, but burned it before a — George Washington — appears on Boone later served in General second assault by the British in 1758. this stamp. Edward Braddock’s attempt to drive It was replaced by Fort Pitt. Today, the French out of the Ohio Country, what was once Fort Duquesne is now which ended in disaster at the Battle Point State Park in Pittsburgh. of the Monongahela. 2004 23c Harriton House Bicentennial, Bryn Mawr postal card (Scott UX406) Harriton House is a historic home in Villanova, in the western suburbs of Philadelphia, most famously the residence of Charles Th omson, secretary of the Continental Congress. Built in 1704 by Rowland Ellis, a Welsh Quaker, it was called Bryn Mawr, meaning “high hill.” Th e Harriton Association restored the house to look as it did when Thomson lived in it in time for the 1976 Bicentennial. Th e Association operates Harriton House as a historic museum. 1926 2c Liberty Bell 1974 2c Independence Hall (Scott 1123) (Scott 1546) Issued for the celebration marking the 150th anniversary Independence Hall — where the Declaration of of U.S. independence, this stamp pictures the replica of Independence and the U.S. Constitution were born — is the Liberty Bell that hung over the main entrance to the widely regarded as the birthplace of the United States. exhibition. Th e original bell was ordered from a London Located in Philadelphia, the building was completed foundry in 1751 to commemorate Penn’s 1701 Charter in 1753 as the Pennsylvania State House, and became of Privileges, the state’s fi rst constitution. Hung in 1753, the principal meeting place of the Second Continental it cracked, and was subsequently melted and recast twice, Congress from 1775 to 1783. Th e hall’s bell tower steeple rung thereaft er only on ceremonial occasions, including was the original home of the Liberty Bell, and today July 8, 1776, when it called Pennsylvanians to the fi rst holds a Centennial Bell created for the U.S. Centennial public reading of the Declaration of Independence. Exposition held in Philadelphia 1876. Pennsylvania on the Frontier 1930 2c Battle of Braddock’s Field 1968 6c (Scott 688) 1958 4c Bicentennial of the Daniel Boone Capture of Fort Duquesne (Scott 1357) (Scott 1123) 2004 23c Harriton House Bicentennial, Bryn Mawr postal card (Scott UX406) 1926 2c Liberty Bell 1974 2c Independence Hall cast in 1751 in a foundry in London, England completed in 1753 as the Pennsylvania State House (Scott 1123) (Scott 1546) Pennsylvania on the Eve of Revolution 1938 ½c Benjamin Franklin 1956 3c Benjamin Franklin 1923 1c Benjamin Franklin (Scott 803) 250th Birthday (Scott 1073) (Scott 552) Founding Father, editor, printer, and Philadelphia merchant Benjamin Franklin became wealthy through publications including the Pennsylvania Gazette, and played a key role in founding the University of Pennsylvania and Franklin & Marshall College. Extraordinarily knowledgeable, Franklin was a leading author and printer, satirist, political theorist, politician, postmaster, scientist, inventor, civic activist, statesman, and diplomat. In 1753, both Harvard and Yale awarded him honorary degrees. In 1765, he was the Speaker of the Pennsylvania Assembly, and represented his state in the Constitutional Convention. In June 1776, he was appointed a member of the Committee of Five that draft ed the Declaration of Independence. At the signing, he is quoted as having replied to a comment by Hancock: “Yes, we must, indeed, all hang together, or most assuredly we shall all hang separately.” Aft er the Revolution, in 1785-88, Franklin was unanimously elected President of the Supreme Executive Council of Pennsylvania — in eff ect, Governor. He died in 1790 and is buried in Philadelphia. 1968 40c Th omas Paine (Scott 1292) British radical and intellectual Th omas Paine barely survived his 1974 10c Carpenters’ Hall, 1774 voyage to Philadelphia, where 1974 10c First Constitutional Philadelphia (Scott 1543) Benjamin Franklin’s physician had Convention (Scott 1544) Carpenters’ Hall is a four-story to have him carried off the ship. In On September 5, 1774, the First brick building in the center of January 1775, Paine became editor Continental Congress met at Philadelphia. Completed in 1773, the of Pennsylvania Magazine. Late that Carpenter’s Hall in Philadelphia, meeting hall was built for and is still year, he began work on a short tract with 56 delegates representing all owned by the Carpenters’ Company promoting independence.