Graduate & Professional Student Research Forum

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Graduate & Professional Student Research Forum Graduate & Professional Student Research Forum Hosted by the Graduate College and Graduate & Professional Student Association University of Nevada, Las Vegas Student Union Saturday, March 21, 2015 The Graduate & Professional Student Research Forum is co‐hosted by the Graduate & Professional Student Association and the Graduate College We’d like to thank the faculty judges and student volunteers. Without your support this event would not be possible. 2015 Graduate & Professional Student Research Forum Schedule of Events Pages Abstracts at a glance 7 – 25 Platform Sessions 9:00 – 11:30am Science Session A: room 205 27 – 35 9:00 – 11:30am Science Session B: room 207 37 – 45 8:45 – 11:30am Science and Engineering Session C: room 208A 47 – 56 8:45 – 11:45am Humanities and Fine Arts Session A: room 208B 57 – 67 9:00 – 11:30am Social Science Session A: room 208C 69 – 77 9:00 – 11:30am Social Science Session B: room 209 79 – 87 9:15 – 11:30am Social Science Session C: room 211 89 – 96 9:00 – 11:30am Social Science and Law Session D: room 213 97 – 105 8:30 – 11:30am Social Science Session E: room 218 107 – 117 8:30 – 11:30am Social Science Session F: room 219 119 – 129 8:30 – 11:30am Education Session A: room 222 131 – 142 Poster Sessions 8:45 – 10:00am Science and Engineering Session A: Ballroom Posters 1 – 5 143 – 148 10:15 – 11:30am Posters 6 – 10 149 – 153 8:45 – 10:00am Science and Engineering Session B: Ballroom Posters 11 – 15 155 – 160 2015 Graduate & Professional Student Research Forum Schedule of Events Poster Sessions (cont.) Pages 10:30 – 11:30am Science and Engineering Session B: Ballroom Posters 16 – 19 (cont.) 161 – 164 8:45 –10:00am Science and Health Science Session C: Ballroom Posters 20 – 24 165 – 170 10:15 – 11:30am Posters 25 – 29 171 – 175 8:30 – 10:00am Science and Health Science Session D: Ballroom Posters 30 – 35 177 – 183 10:15 – 11:30am Posters 36 – 40 184 – 188 9:00 – 10:00am Social Science and Law Session A: Ballroom Posters 41 – 44 189 – 193 10:30 – 11:30am Posters 45 – 48 194 – 197 9:00 – 10:15am Social Science Session B: Ballroom Posters 49 – 53 199 – 204 10:30 – 11:30am Posters 54 – 57 205 – 208 9:00 – 10:00am Social Science Session C: Ballroom Posters 58 – 61 209 – 213 10:30 – 11:30am Posters 62 – 65 214 – 217 8:30 – 9:30am Education Session A: Ballroom Posters 66 – 69 219 – 223 9:30 – 10:30am Posters 70 – 73 224 – 227 2015 Graduate & Professional Student Research Forum Schedule of Events Poster Sessions (cont.) Pages 10:45 – 11:30am Education Session A: Ballroom (cont.) Posters 74 – 76 228 – 230 8:45 – 10:00am Fine Arts A: Ballroom Posters 77 – 81 231 – 236 10:30 – 11:30am Posters 82 – 85 237 – 240 Index 241 – 243 Noon – 1:30pm Luncheon and Awards Ceremony Ballroom 2015 Graduate & Professional Student Research Forum at a Glance Science Platform Session A: Room 205 9:00 – 9:15am Facilitation and Competition within Joshua Tree (Yucca brevifolia) - Spiny hopsage (Grayia spinosa) Nurse-Plant Associations. Author: Eric Chameroy, School of Life Sciences 9:15 – 9:30am Analyzing Caterpillar-Ant Interactions in Three Butterfly Species of the Mojave Desert: Are Caterpillars Buying Protection or Appeasing Potential Predators? Author: Alicia Crespin, School of Life Sciences 9:30 – 9:45am Beryllium: A Simple Metal Cation with Possible Therapeutic Potential towards Type II Diabetes and Various Cancers. Author: Ata Ur Rahman Mohammed Abdul, Department of Chemistry 9:45 – 10:00am A Tubular 3D Force Analysis of Kangaroo Rat Burrowing. Author: Alexis Crisp, School of Life Sciences 10:00 – 10:30am Break 10:30 – 10:45am A Life Spent Dry: Interactive Effects of Age, Sex, Genotype and Rate of Drying Upon Survival in the Desert Moss Bryum argenteum. Author: Joshua Greenwood, School of Life Sciences 10:45 – 11:00am Acute Effects of Dynamic Compression on Heart Rate Variability and Peak Heart Rate while Running. Authors: Jenni Kumanchik, John A. Mercer and W.A. Sands, Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences 11:00 – 11:15am Characterization of Novel Biosurfactant/Bioemulsifier Producing Bacteria Isolated from Hydraulic Fracturing Waters. Author: Anthony Harrington, School of Life Sciences 11:15 – 11:30am On a Statistical Investigation of the Dependence Structure Between Two Related Time Series: Application to Hurricane Frequency Modeling. Authors: Moinak Bhaduri and Chih-Hsiang Ho, Department of Mathematical Sciences Science Platform Session B: Room 207 9:00 – 9:15am DNA Twisting and VirB: Mechanistic Insight into a DNA binding Protein Essential for Virulence in the Human Pathogen Shigella flexneri. Authors: Michael A. Picker, Juan C. Duhart, Joy A. Immak and Helen J. Wing, School of Life Sciences 7 2015 Graduate & Professional Student Research Forum at a Glance Science Platform Session B: Room 207 (cont.) 9:15 – 9:30am Development of Competence Leads to Mutagenesis in Stressed Bacillus subtilis Cells. Authors: Amanda A. Prisbrey, Carmen Vallin, John Creech, Holly A. Martin and Eduardo A. Robleto, School of Life Sciences 9:30 – 9:45am C-Terminome Web-Application: A Tool to Mine the C-Termini of Human Proteome. Author: Surbhi Sharma, School of Life Sciences 9:45 – 10:00am Minimalist vs. Cushioned Running Shoes: Impact Loads Vary with Foot-Strike Pattern. Authors: Andrew D. Nordin and Janet S. Dufek, Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences 10:00 – 10:30am Break 10:30 – 10:45am Non-B DNA Promotes Genetic Diversity in B. subtilis Stationary Phase Cells. Authors: Carmen Vallin, Amanda A. Prisbrey and Eduardo A. Robleto School of Life Sciences 10:45 – 11:00am Tiling Assembly: A New Tool for Reference Annotation Independent Transcript Assembly and Novel Gene Identification by RNA- Sequencing. Author: Kenneth Watanabe, School of Life Sciences 11:00 – 11:15am Studying Tadpoles for Insights into Natural Tissue Regeneration. Authors: Cindy X. Kha and Ai-Sun Tseng, School of Life Sciences 11:15 – 11:30am Generalized Markoff Equations, Euclid Trees and Chebyshev Polynomials. Author: Donald McGinn, Department of Mathematical Sciences Science and Engineering Platform Session C: Room 208A 8:45 – 9:00am A Hazardous Ozone Disinfection Byproduct: NDMA Formation and Implications for Water Reuse. Authors: Erica Marti, Jacimaria Batista and Eric Dickenson, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction 9:00 – 9:15am Established Models of Hydrothermal Fluid Distribution around Porphyry Deposits: The Application of Fluid Inclusion Research to Porphyry Exploration. Authors: Wyatt M. Bain, Jean S. Cline, Tim M. Marsh, Department of Geoscience 9:15 – 9:30am Neutron Spectroscopy with Scintillation Detectors Using Wavelets. Author: Jessica Hartman, Department of Mechanical Engineering 8 2015 Graduate & Professional Student Research Forum at a Glance Science and Engineering Platform Session C: Room 208A (cont.) 9:30 – 9:45am Weathering Profiles at Mawrth Vallis Yield Insight into the Aqueous History and Potential Habitability of Mars. Authors: Seth Gainey and Elisabeth Hausrath, Department of Geoscience 9:45 – 10:00am Hydrologic evaluation in a Snow Dominated Watershed Using a Process Based Model. Author: Chao Chen, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction 10:00 – 10:30am Break 10:30 – 10:45am Influence of Larrea tridentata on Chloride Concentration in Shallow Desert Soils. Author: Sara Gedo, Department of Geosciences 10:45 – 11:00am An Evaluation of Current Practices of Road Maintenance Contracting Methods. Authors: Kishor Shrestha and Pramen P. Shrestha, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction 11:00 – 11:15am Building Better Climate Models: When Caves and Computers Collaborate. Authors: Jonathan Baker and Matthew Lachniet, Department of Geoscience 11:15 – 11:30am Practical Procedure to Measure Mechanical Properties of Vaginal Tissue. Authors: Sogol Pirbastami, Brendan O'Toole and Mohamed Trabia, Department of Mechanical Engineering Fine Arts and Humanities Platform Session A: Room 208B 8:45 – 9:00am HIP Harpsichords: Historically Informed Performance of Early Keyboard Music. Author: Monique Arar, Department of Music 9:00 – 9:15am Hartford, Connecticut 1900: The Story of a Suicide. Author: Aurora Brackett, Department of English 9:15 – 9:30am Sin City in Tokyo. Author: Joleen Long, Department of English 9:30 – 9:45am The Gothic Other in J.M. Coetzee’s “Waiting for the Barbarians”. Author: Clancy McGilligan, Department of English 9:45 – 10:00am John Wayne in Spain. Author: Kayla Miller, Department of English 10:00 – 10:30am Break 10:30 – 10:45am Enlightenment. Author: Camilla Oldenkamp, Department of Art 9 2015 Graduate & Professional Student Research Forum at a Glance Humanities and Fine Arts Platform Session A: Room 208B (cont.) 10:45 – 11:00am The Poem as Plastic Art: Mina Loy’s “Brancusi’s Golden Bird”. Author: Derek Pollard, Department of English 11:00 – 11:15am Society of Children's Book Writers and Illustrators Conference. Author: Rebecca Robison, Department of English 11:15 – 11:30am Poetry as an Ethical Act: The Human Will in T. S. Eliot’s “Ash Wednesday”. Author: Michelle Villanueva, Department of English 11:30 – 11:45am Lowly Saints in Holy Places: Poetry of Humility & Exaltation. Author: Denise Weber, Department of English Social Science Platform Session A: Room 208C 9:00 – 9:15am The Painted Motifs of Cypriot Ceramic Art: A Study of Iconography and Identity. Author: Paige Bockman, Department of Anthropology 9:15 – 9:30am Performance or Processing? Effects of Levels of Processing and Divided Attention on Memory-Related Eye Movements. Authors: Wei An and Colleen Parks, Department of Psychology 9:30 – 9:45am Rafts (or floats?) 'Ahoy: Documenting Animal Transportation to Cyprus during the Pre- and Early Neolithic. Author: Katelyn DiBenedetto, Department of Anthropology 9:45 – 10:00am Interactions of Behavioral Training and Ketamine Administration on Changes in Parvalbumin Positive Neurons. Authors: Monica Bolton, Chelcie Heaney, Andrew Murtishaw, Michael Langhardt and Jefferson Kinney, Department of Psychology 10:00 – 10:30am Break 10:30 – 10:45am Research with an Agenda: Creationist Media on Archaeological Discoveries.
Recommended publications
  • GABA Receptors
    D Reviews • BIOTREND Reviews • BIOTREND Reviews • BIOTREND Reviews • BIOTREND Reviews Review No.7 / 1-2011 GABA receptors Wolfgang Froestl , CNS & Chemistry Expert, AC Immune SA, PSE Building B - EPFL, CH-1015 Lausanne, Phone: +41 21 693 91 43, FAX: +41 21 693 91 20, E-mail: [email protected] GABA Activation of the GABA A receptor leads to an influx of chloride GABA ( -aminobutyric acid; Figure 1) is the most important and ions and to a hyperpolarization of the membrane. 16 subunits with γ most abundant inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian molecular weights between 50 and 65 kD have been identified brain 1,2 , where it was first discovered in 1950 3-5 . It is a small achiral so far, 6 subunits, 3 subunits, 3 subunits, and the , , α β γ δ ε θ molecule with molecular weight of 103 g/mol and high water solu - and subunits 8,9 . π bility. At 25°C one gram of water can dissolve 1.3 grams of GABA. 2 Such a hydrophilic molecule (log P = -2.13, PSA = 63.3 Å ) cannot In the meantime all GABA A receptor binding sites have been eluci - cross the blood brain barrier. It is produced in the brain by decarb- dated in great detail. The GABA site is located at the interface oxylation of L-glutamic acid by the enzyme glutamic acid decarb- between and subunits. Benzodiazepines interact with subunit α β oxylase (GAD, EC 4.1.1.15). It is a neutral amino acid with pK = combinations ( ) ( ) , which is the most abundant combi - 1 α1 2 β2 2 γ2 4.23 and pK = 10.43.
    [Show full text]
  • A Review of Glutamate Receptors I: Current Understanding of Their Biology
    J Toxicol Pathol 2008; 21: 25–51 Review A Review of Glutamate Receptors I: Current Understanding of Their Biology Colin G. Rousseaux1 1Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Abstract: Seventy years ago it was discovered that glutamate is abundant in the brain and that it plays a central role in brain metabolism. However, it took the scientific community a long time to realize that glutamate also acts as a neurotransmitter. Glutamate is an amino acid and brain tissue contains as much as 5 – 15 mM glutamate per kg depending on the region, which is more than of any other amino acid. The main motivation for the ongoing research on glutamate is due to the role of glutamate in the signal transduction in the nervous systems of apparently all complex living organisms, including man. Glutamate is considered to be the major mediator of excitatory signals in the mammalian central nervous system and is involved in most aspects of normal brain function including cognition, memory and learning. In this review, the basic biology of the excitatory amino acids glutamate, glutamate receptors, GABA, and glycine will first be explored. In the second part of this review, the known pathophysiology and pathology will be described. (J Toxicol Pathol 2008; 21: 25–51) Key words: glutamate, glycine, GABA, glutamate receptors, ionotropic, metabotropic, NMDA, AMPA, review Introduction and Overview glycine), peptides (vasopressin, somatostatin, neurotensin, etc.), and monoamines (norepinephrine, dopamine and In the first decades of the 20th century, research into the serotonin) plus acetylcholine. chemical mediation of the “autonomous” (autonomic) Glutamatergic synaptic transmission in the mammalian nervous system (ANS) was an area that received much central nervous system (CNS) was slowly established over a research activity.
    [Show full text]
  • Calcium-Engaged Mechanisms of Nongenomic Action of Neurosteroids
    Calcium-engaged Mechanisms of Nongenomic Action of Neurosteroids The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Rebas, Elzbieta, Tomasz Radzik, Tomasz Boczek, and Ludmila Zylinska. 2017. “Calcium-engaged Mechanisms of Nongenomic Action of Neurosteroids.” Current Neuropharmacology 15 (8): 1174-1191. doi:10.2174/1570159X15666170329091935. http:// dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570159X15666170329091935. Published Version doi:10.2174/1570159X15666170329091935 Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:37160234 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA 1174 Send Orders for Reprints to [email protected] Current Neuropharmacology, 2017, 15, 1174-1191 REVIEW ARTICLE ISSN: 1570-159X eISSN: 1875-6190 Impact Factor: 3.365 Calcium-engaged Mechanisms of Nongenomic Action of Neurosteroids BENTHAM SCIENCE Elzbieta Rebas1, Tomasz Radzik1, Tomasz Boczek1,2 and Ludmila Zylinska1,* 1Department of Molecular Neurochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, Poland; 2Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA Abstract: Background: Neurosteroids form the unique group because of their dual mechanism of action. Classically, they bind to specific intracellular and/or nuclear receptors, and next modify genes transcription. Another mode of action is linked with the rapid effects induced at the plasma membrane level within seconds or milliseconds. The key molecules in neurotransmission are calcium ions, thereby we focus on the recent advances in understanding of complex signaling crosstalk between action of neurosteroids and calcium-engaged events.
    [Show full text]
  • Product Update Price List Winter 2014 / Spring 2015 (£)
    Product update Price list winter 2014 / Spring 2015 (£) Say to affordable and trusted life science tools! • Agonists & antagonists • Fluorescent tools • Dyes & stains • Activators & inhibitors • Peptides & proteins • Antibodies hellobio•com Contents G protein coupled receptors 3 Glutamate 3 Group I (mGlu1, mGlu5) receptors 3 Group II (mGlu2, mGlu3) receptors 3 Group I & II receptors 3 Group III (mGlu4, mGlu6, mGlu7, mGlu8) receptors 4 mGlu – non-selective 4 GABAB 4 Adrenoceptors 4 Other receptors 5 Ligand Gated ion channels 5 Ionotropic glutamate receptors 5 NMDA 5 AMPA 6 Kainate 7 Glutamate – non-selective 7 GABAA 7 Voltage-gated ion channels 8 Calcium Channels 8 Potassium Channels 9 Sodium Channels 10 TRP 11 Other Ion channels 12 Transporters 12 GABA 12 Glutamate 12 Other 12 Enzymes 13 Kinase 13 Phosphatase 14 Hydrolase 14 Synthase 14 Other 14 Signaling pathways & processes 15 Proteins 15 Dyes & stains 15 G protein coupled receptors Cat no. Product name Overview Purity Pack sizes and prices Glutamate: Group I (mGlu1, mGlu5) receptors Agonists & activators HB0048 (S)-3-Hydroxyphenylglycine mGlu1 agonist >99% 10mg £112 50mg £447 HB0193 CHPG Sodium salt Water soluble, selective mGlu5 agonist >99% 10mg £59 50mg £237 HB0026 (R,S)-3,5-DHPG Selective mGlu1 / mGlu5 agonist >99% 10mg £70 50mg £282 HB0045 (S)-3,5-DHPG Selective group I mGlu receptor agonist >98% 1mg £42 5mg £83 10mg £124 HB0589 S-Sulfo-L-cysteine sodium salt mGlu1α / mGlu5a agonist 10mg £95 50mg £381 Antagonists HB0049 (S)-4-Carboxyphenylglycine Competitive, selective group 1
    [Show full text]
  • At the Gabaa Receptor
    THE EFFECTS OF CHRONIC ETHANOL INTAKE ON THE ALLOSTERIC INTERACTION BE T WEEN GABA AND BENZODIAZEPINE AT THE GABAA RECEPTOR THESIS Presented to the Graduate Council of the University of North Texas in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE By Jianping Chen, B.S., M.S. Denton, Texas May, 1992 Chen, Jianping, The Effects of Chronic Ethanol Intake on the Allsteric Interaction Between GABA and BenzodiazeDine at the GABAA Receptor. Master of Science (Biomedical Sciences/Pharmacology), May, 1992, 133 pp., 4 tables, 3.0 figures, references, 103 titles. This study examined the effects of chronic ethanol intake on the density, affinity, and allosteric modulation of rat brain GABAA receptor subtypes. In the presence of GABA, the apparent affinity for the benzodiazepine agonist flunitrazepam was increased and for the inverse agonist R015-4513 was decreased. No alteration in the capacity of GABA to modulate flunitrazepam and R015-4513 binding was observed in membranes prepared from cortex, hippocampus or cerebellum following chronic ethanol intake or withdrawal. The results also demonstrate two different binding sites for [3H]RO 15-4513 in rat cerebellum that differ in their affinities for diazepam. Chronic ethanol treatment and withdrawal did not significantly change the apparent affinity or density of these two receptor subtypes. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to express my sincere thanks to my major professor, Dr. Michael W. Martin. .I deeply appreciate his guidance and direction which initiated this study, and his kindness in sharing his laboratory facilities with me. His suggestions, patience, encouragement and support in the laboratory have contributed significantly to my understanding of the receptor mechanism of drug action.
    [Show full text]
  • Neuroscience Products
    Neuroscience Products CATALOG CATALOG NUMBER U.S. $ NUMBER U.S. $ -A- 3-(N-ACETYLAMINO)-5-(N-DECYL-N- 1 mg 27.50 159549 METHYLAMINO)BENZYL ALCOHOL 5 mg 89.40 o A23187 0-5 C [103955-90-4] (ADMB) See: Antibiotic A23187 A Protein Kinase C activator. Ref.: Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA, 83, 4214 AA-861 20 mg 72.70 (1986). 159061 Purity: 95% 100 mg 326.40 C20H34N2O2 MW 334.5 0oC Orally active, specific and potent inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase. N-ACETYL-ASP-GLU 25 mg 45.00 153036 [3106-85-2] 100 mg 156.00 Ref.: 1. Yoshimoto, T., et.al., Biochim. o Biophys. Acta, 713, 470 (1982). 2. Ashida, -20-0 C An endogenous neuropeptide with high 250 mg 303.65 Y., et.al., Prostaglandins, 26, 955 (1983). 3. affinity for a brain "Glutamate" receptor. Ancill, R.J., et.al., J. Int. Med. Res., 18, 75 Ref: Zaczek, R., et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. (1990). Sci. (USA), 80, 1116 (1983). C21H26O3 MW 326.4 C11H16N2O8 MW 304.3 ABL PROTEIN TYROSINE KINASE 250 U 47.25 N-ACETYL-2-BENZYLTRYPTAMINE 195876 (v-abl) 1 KU 162.75 See: Luzindole -70oC Recombinant Expressed in E. coli ACETYL-DL-CARNITINE 250 mg 60.00 A truncated form of the v-abl protein 154690 [2504-11-2] 1 g 214.00 tyrosine kinase which contains the 0oC Hydrochloride minimum region needed for kinase activity Crystalline and fibroblast transformation. Suppresses C9H17NO4 • HCl MW 239.7 apoptosis and induces resistance to anti-cancer compounds. O-ACETYL-L-CARNITINE CHLORIDE 500 mg 11.45 Activity: 100 KU/ml 159062 [5080-50-2] 1 g 20.65 Unit Definition: one unit is the amount of 0-5oC (R-(-)-2-Acetyloxy-3-carboxy-N,N,N-trimethyl 5 g 97.45 enzyme which catalyzes the transfer of 1 -1-propanaminium chloride) pmol of phosphate to EAIYAAPFAKKK per Purity: >88% minute at 30°C, pH 7.5.
    [Show full text]
  • AMINO ACID NEUROTRANSMISSION DURING CHEMICALLY-INDUCED EPILEPTOGENIC ACTIVITY in the RAT CEREBRAL CORTEX. a Thesis Submitted To
    AMINO ACID NEUROTRANSMISSION DURING CHEMICALLY-INDUCED EPILEPTOGENIC ACTIVITY IN THE RAT CEREBRAL CORTEX. A thesis submitted to the University of London for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Farzin ZIA GHARIB Department of Pharmacology, University College London Gower Street London WC1E 6BT 1 ProQuest Number: 10609198 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 10609198 Published by ProQuest LLC(2017). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 IN THE NAME OF GOD, THE COMPASSIONATE, THE MERCIFUL This thesis is dedicated to my dear parents, for their unwavering support and encouragement, and the rest of my family, Farzaneh, Farzad and Nader 2 ABSTRACT This project was undertaken firstly to establish a relationship between chemically-induced epileptogenic activity and the release of amino acid neurotransmitters and secondly to try to compare the enhancement of r-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-mediated inhibition with the blockade of excitatory amino acid receptors in the control of epileptogenic activity in rat cerebral cortex. Using cortical cups incorporating platinum electrodes, it was possible to monitor epileptogenic activity in the electroencephalogram (EEG), quantified using a specially designed voltage integrator, at the same time as studying the release of endogenous amino acids.
    [Show full text]
  • Amino Acids and N-Acetyl-Aspartyl-Glutamate As Neurotransmitter Candidates in the Monkey Retinogeniculate Pathways
    City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works All Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects 1989 Amino Acids and N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate as Neurotransmitter Candidates in the Monkey Retinogeniculate Pathways Ricardo A. Molinar-Rode Graduate Center, City University of New York How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/1641 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] INFORMATION TO USERS The most advanced technology has been used to photo­ graph and reproduce this manuscript from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are re­ produced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book.
    [Show full text]
  • Release-Regulating Autoreceptors of the GABAB-Type in Human Cerebral Cortex
    Br. J. Pharmacol. (1989), 96, 341-346 Release-regulating autoreceptors of the GABAB-type in human cerebral cortex Giambattista Bonanno *Paolo Cavazzani, *Gian Carlo Andrioli, Daniela Asaro, Graziella Pellegrini & tMaurizio Raiteri Istituto di Farmacologia e Farmacognosia, Universita degli Studi di Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy & *Divisione di Neurochirurgia, Ospedali Galliera, Via A. Volta 8, 16128 Genova, Italy 1 The depolarization-evoked release of y-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and its modulation mediated by autoreceptors were investigated in superfused synaptosomes prepared from fresh human cerebral cortex. 2 The release of [3H]-GABA provoked by 15 mmK+ from human cortex nerve endings was almost totally (85%) calcium-dependent. 3 In the presence of the GABA uptake inhibitor SK&F 89976A (N-4,4-diphenyl-3-butenyl)-nipe- cotic acid), added to prevent carrier-mediated homoexchange, GABA (1-10 pM) decreased in a concentration-dependent manner the K+-evoked release of [3H]-GABA. The effect of GABA was mimicked by the GABAB receptor agonist (-)-baclofen (1-100 pM) but not by the GABAA receptor agonist muscimol (1-100 uM). Moreover, the GABA-induced inhibition of [3H]-GABA release was not affected by two GABAA receptor antagonists, bicuculline or SR 95531 (2-(3'-carbethoxy-2'- propenyl)-3-amino-6-paramethoxy-phenyl-pyridazinium bromide). 4 (-)-Baclofen also inhibited the depolarization-evoked release of endogenous GABA from human cortical synaptosomes. 5 It is concluded that GABA autoreceptors regulating the release of both newly taken up and endogenous GABA are present in human brain and appear to belong to the GABAB subtype. Introduction Studies on the laboratory animal have shown that GABA in the rat brain of the GABAB receptor autoregulation of transmitter release mediated by subtype (Anderson & Mitchell, 1985; Pittaluga et al., receptors sited on the releasing terminals 1987; Waldmeier et al., 1988).
    [Show full text]
  • Receptor-Mediated Inhibition of the N-Methyl-O-Aspartate Component of Synaptic Transmission in the Rat Hippocampus
    The Journal of Neuroscience, January 1991, 17(l): 203-209 GABA,-Receptor-Mediated Inhibition of the N-Methyl-o-Aspartate Component of Synaptic Transmission in the Rat Hippocampus Richard A. Morrisett,1-5 David D. Mott,2 Darrell V. Lewis,3 H. Scott Swartzwelder,i,4.5 and Wilkie A. Wilson1-*v5 Departments of ‘Medicine (Neurology), *Pharmacology, 3Pediatrics (Neurology) and Neurobiology, and 4Psychology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710. and 5Neurology Research Laboratory, Veterans Administration Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27705 GABA receptor regulation of NMDA-receptor-mediated syn- operated channelsare regulated in a voltage-dependentmanner aptic responses was studied in area CA, of the rat hippocam- by Mg2+ (Mayer and Westbrook, 1984; Nowak et al., 1984; pus using extracellular and intracellular recording tech- Herron et al., 1986). Becauseof the development of specific niques. Picrotoxin (PTX) was used to suppress GABA, non-NMDA receptor antagonists such as 6,7-dinitroquinoxa- inhibition and 6,7-dinitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (DNQX) was line-2,3-dione (DNQX; Drejer and Honor& 1988) the dem- used to suppress non-NMDA receptor-mediated responses. onstration of NMDA-receptor-mediated synaptic potentials has In this manner, we were able to avoid the complicating fac- been facilitated (Blake et al., 1988; Andreasen et al., 1989; Da- tors caused by potentials induced by other excitatory and vies and Collingridge, 1989; Iambert and Jones, 1989). When, inhibitory amino acid receptors. Under these conditions, large in the presenceof DNQX, synaptic inhibition is reduced or NMDA-receptor-mediated EPSPs were observed. When blocked, one can record large depolarizing responsesto NMDA paired stimuli were given at interstimulus intervals from 100 receptor activation (Andreasen et al., 1989; Davies and Collin- to 400 msec, powerful inhibition of the second response was gridge, 1989; Lambert and Jones, 1989; Morrisett et al., 1990b).
    [Show full text]
  • GABA Receptors
    Tocris Scientific ReviewReview SeriesSeries Tocri-lu-2945 GABA Receptors Ian L. Martin, Norman G. Bowery Historical Perspective and Susan M.J. Dunn GABA is the major inhibitory amino acid transmitter of the Ian Martin is Professor of Pharmacology in the School of Life and mammalian central nervous system (CNS). Essentially all neurons Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK. Norman in the brain respond to GABA and perhaps 20% use it as their 1 Bowery is Emeritus Professor of Pharmacology, University of primary transmitter. Early electrophysiological studies, carried Birmingham, UK. Susan Dunn is Professor and Chair at the out using iontophoretic application of GABA to CNS neuronal Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, preparations, showed it to produce inhibitory hyperpolarizing 2 University of Alberta, Canada. All three authors share common responses that were blocked competitively by the alkaloid 3 interests in GABAergic transmission. E-mail: sdunn@pmcol. bicuculline. However, in the late 1970s, Bowery and his ualberta.ca colleagues, who were attempting to identify GABA receptors on peripheral nerve terminals, noted that GABA application reduced the evoked release of noradrenalin in the rat heart and that this Contents effect was not blocked by bicuculline. This action of GABA was Introduction ............................................................................................. 1 mimicked, however, by baclofen (Figure 1), a compound that was unable to produce rapid hyperpolarizing responses
    [Show full text]
  • Multiple GABA Receptor Subtypes Mediate Inhibition of Calcium Influx at Rat Retinal Bipolar Cell Terminals
    The Journal of Neuroscience, April 1995, 75(4): 2668-2679 Multiple GABA Receptor Subtypes Mediate Inhibition of Calcium Influx at Rat Retinal Bipolar Cell Terminals Zhuo-Hua Pan’ and Stuart A. Lipton* 1Department of Neurology, Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 and *Department of Neurology, Children’s Hospital, Beth Israel Hospital, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 Inhibitory effects of GABA on K+-evoked Ca2+ influx into sensitiveto GABA (Tachibanaand Kaneko, 1987; Karschin and rat retinal bipolar cell terminals were studied using calcium Wbsle, 1990; Suzuki et al., 1990; Yeh et al., 1990; Heidelberger imaging methods. Application of high K+ evokes a sus- and Matthews, 1991). It is speculatedthat the input of GA- tained, reversible increase in [Ca2+li at bipolar cell termi- BAergic amacrinecells to bipolar cell terminalscreates negative nals, which occurs mainly via dihydropyridine-sensitive (L- feedback to generate transient responsesin the inner retina type) Ca2+ channels. There are at least two GABA receptor (Tachibanaand Kaneko, 1987; Maguire et al., 1989). subtypes coexisting at bipolar cell terminals: a convention- Recently, a novel bicuculline/baclofen-insensitiveGABA re- al GABA, receptor and a bicuculline/baclofen-insensitive ceptor has been reported on tectal neuronesof the frog (Nistri GABA receptor. Activation of either GABA receptor inhib- and Sivilotti, 1985; Sivilotti and Nistri, 1989) and retinal neu- ited the K+-evoked Ca*+ response. However, these two rons in several species(Feigenspan et al., 1993; Qian and Dowl- GABA receptor subtypes have distinct properties. GABA, ing, 1993; Dong et al., 1994; Lukasiewicz et al., 1994; Matthews receptors suppress the Ca*+ response only at relatively et al., 1994; Zhang and Slaughter, 1994).
    [Show full text]