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Mglu2 Receptor Agonism, but Not Positive Allosteric Modulation, Elicits Rapid Tolerance Towards Their Primary Efficacy on Sleep Measures in Rats
RESEARCH ARTICLE mGlu2 Receptor Agonism, but Not Positive Allosteric Modulation, Elicits Rapid Tolerance towards Their Primary Efficacy on Sleep Measures in Rats Abdallah Ahnaou1*, Hilde Lavreysen1, Gary Tresadern2, Jose M. Cid2, Wilhelmus H. Drinkenburg1 1 Dept. of Neuroscience, Janssen Research & Development, A Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V., Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340, Beerse, Belgium, 2 Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry, Janssen Research & Development, Janssen-Cilag S.A., Jarama 75, Polígono Industrial, 45007, Toledo, Spain * [email protected] Abstract OPEN ACCESS G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) agonists are known to induce both cellular adaptations Citation: Ahnaou A, Lavreysen H, Tresadern G, Cid resulting in tolerance to therapeutic effects and withdrawal symptoms upon treatment dis- JM, Drinkenburg WH (2015) mGlu2 Receptor continuation. Glutamate neurotransmission is an integral part of sleep-wake mechanisms, Agonism, but Not Positive Allosteric Modulation, Elicits Rapid Tolerance towards Their Primary which processes have translational relevance for central activity and target engagement. Efficacy on Sleep Measures in Rats. PLoS ONE 10 Here, we investigated the efficacy and tolerance potential of the metabotropic glutamate (12): e0144017. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0144017 receptors (mGluR2/3) agonist LY354740 versus mGluR2 positive allosteric modulator Editor: James Porter, University of North Dakota, (PAM) JNJ-42153605 on sleep-wake organisation in rats. In vitro, the selectivity and UNITED STATES potency of JNJ-42153605 were characterized. In vivo, effects on sleep measures were Received: July 12, 2015 investigated in rats after once daily oral repeated treatment for 7 days, withdrawal and con- Accepted: November 12, 2015 secutive re-administration of LY354740 (1–10 mg/kg) and JNJ-42153605 (3–30 mg/kg). -
Examples of Successful Protein Expression with SUMO Reference Protein Type Family Kda System (Pubmed ID)
Examples of Successful Protein Expression with SUMO Reference Protein Type Family kDa System (PubMed ID) 23 (FGF23), human Growth factor FGF superfamily ~26 E. coli 22249723 SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) membrane 3C-like (3CL) protease Viral membrane protein protein 33.8 E. coli 16211506 5′nucleotidase-related apyrase (5′Nuc) Saliva protein (apyrase) 5′nucleotidase-related proteins 65 E. coli 20351782 Acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1) Cytosolic enzyme Family of five biotin-dependent carboxylases ~7 E. coli 22123817 Acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 (ACC2) BCCP domain Cytosolic enzyme Family of five biotin-dependent carboxylases ~7 E. coli 22123817 Actinohivin (AH) Lectin Anti-HIV lectin of CBM family 13 12.5 E. coli DTIC Allium sativum leaf agglutinin (ASAL) Sugar-binding protein Mannose-binding lectins 25 E. coli 20100526 Extracellular matrix Anosmin protein Marix protein 100 Mammalian 22898776 Antibacterial peptide CM4 (ABP-CM4) Antibacterial peptide Cecropin family of antimicrobial peptides 3.8 E. coli 19582446 peptide from centipede venoms of Scolopendra Antimicrobial peptide scolopin 1 (AMP-scolopin 1) small cationic peptide subspinipes mutilans 2.6 E. coli 24145284 Antitumor-analgesic Antitumor-analgesic peptide (AGAP) peptide Multifunction scorpion peptide 7 E. coli 20945481 Anti-VEGF165 single-chain variable fragment (scFv) Antibody Small antibody-engineered antibody 30 E. coli 18795288 APRIL TNF receptor ligand tumor necrosis factor (TNF) ligand 16 E. coli 24412409 APRIL (A proliferation-inducing ligand, also named TALL- Type II transmembrane 2, TRDL-1 and TNFSF-13a) protein Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family 27.51 E. coli 22387304 Aprotinin/Basic pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI) Inhibitor Kunitz-type inhibitor 6.5 E. -
(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2017/0020892 A1 Thompson Et Al
US 20170020892A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2017/0020892 A1 Thompson et al. (43) Pub. Date: Jan. 26, 2017 (54) USE OF NEGATIVE MODULATORS OF Related U.S. Application Data GABA RECEPTORS CONTAINING ALPHAS SUBUNITS AS FAST ACTING (60) Provisional application No. 61/972,446, filed on Mar. ANTDEPRESSANTS 31, 2014. (71) Applicant: University of Maryland, Baltimore, Publication Classification Baltimore, MD (US) (51) Int. Cl. A 6LX 3/557 (2006.01) (72) Inventors: Scott Thompson, Baltimore, MD (US); A6II 3/53 (2006.01) Mark D. Kvarta, Ellicott City, MD A6II 45/06 (2006.01) (US); Adam Van Dyke, Baltimore, MD (52) U.S. Cl. (US) CPC ........... A61 K3I/55.17 (2013.01); A61K 45/06 (2013.01); A61 K3I/53 (2013.01) (73) Assignee: University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore, MD (US) (57) ABSTRACT Embodiments of the disclosure include methods and com (21) Appl. No.: 15/300,984 positions related to treatment of one or more medical conditions with one or more negative modulators of GABA (22) PCT Filed: Mar. 31, 2015 receptors. In specific embodiments, depression and/or Sui cidability is treated or ameliorated or prevented with one or (86) PCT No.: PCT/US2O15/023667 more negative modulators of GABA receptors, such as a S 371 (c)(1), partial inverse agonist of a GABA receptor comprising an (2) Date: Sep. 30, 2016 alpha5 subunit. Patent Application Publication Jan. 26, 2017. Sheet 1 of 12 US 2017/002O892 A1 ×1/ /|\ Patent Application Publication Jan. 26, 2017. Sheet 3 of 12 US 2017/002O892 A1 & Patent Application Publication Jan. -
Download Product Insert (PDF)
Product Information CNQX Item No. 14618 CAS Registry No.: 115066-14-3 Formal Name: 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-7-nitro-2,3-dioxo-6- quinoxalinecarbonitrile H Synonyms: 6-cyano-7-Nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione, NC N O FG 9065 MF: C9H4N4O4 FW: 232.2 O O N N Purity: ≥98% 2 Stability: ≥2 years at -20°C H Supplied as: A crystalline solid λ UV/Vis.: max: 217, 275, 315 nm Laboratory Procedures For long term storage, we suggest that CNQX be stored as supplied at -20°C. It should be stable for at least two years. CNQX is supplied as a crystalline solid. A stock solution may be made by dissolving the CNQX in the solvent of choice. CNQX is soluble in organic solvents such as DMSO and dimethyl formamide (DMF), which should be purged with an inert gas. The solubility of CNQX in these solvents is approximately 5 and 12 mg/ml, respectively. CNQX is sparingly soluble in aqueous buffers. For maximum solubility in aqueous buffers, CNQX should first be dissolved in DMF and then diluted with the aqueous buffer of choice. CNQX has a solubility of approximately 0.5 mg/ml in a 1:1 solution of DMF:PBS (pH 7.2) using this method. We do not recommend storing the aqueous solution for more than one day. CNQX is a competitive, non-NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist (IC50s = 0.3 and 1.5 μM for AMPA and kainate 1,2 receptors, respectively, versus IC50 = 25 μM for NMDA receptors). This compound has been used to specifically target AMPA and kainate receptor responses and thus differentiate from that of NMDA receptors. -
Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors
mGluR Metabotropic glutamate receptors mGluR (metabotropic glutamate receptor) is a type of glutamate receptor that are active through an indirect metabotropic process. They are members of thegroup C family of G-protein-coupled receptors, or GPCRs. Like all glutamate receptors, mGluRs bind with glutamate, an amino acid that functions as an excitatoryneurotransmitter. The mGluRs perform a variety of functions in the central and peripheral nervous systems: mGluRs are involved in learning, memory, anxiety, and the perception of pain. mGluRs are found in pre- and postsynaptic neurons in synapses of the hippocampus, cerebellum, and the cerebral cortex, as well as other parts of the brain and in peripheral tissues. Eight different types of mGluRs, labeled mGluR1 to mGluR8, are divided into groups I, II, and III. Receptor types are grouped based on receptor structure and physiological activity. www.MedChemExpress.com 1 mGluR Agonists, Antagonists, Inhibitors, Modulators & Activators (-)-Camphoric acid (1R,2S)-VU0155041 Cat. No.: HY-122808 Cat. No.: HY-14417A (-)-Camphoric acid is the less active enantiomer (1R,2S)-VU0155041, Cis regioisomer of VU0155041, is of Camphoric acid. Camphoric acid stimulates a partial mGluR4 agonist with an EC50 of 2.35 osteoblast differentiation and induces μM. glutamate receptor expression. Camphoric acid also significantly induced the activation of NF-κB and AP-1. Purity: ≥98.0% Purity: ≥98.0% Clinical Data: No Development Reported Clinical Data: No Development Reported Size: 10 mM × 1 mL, 100 mg Size: 10 mM × 1 mL, 5 mg, 10 mg, 25 mg (2R,4R)-APDC (R)-ADX-47273 Cat. No.: HY-102091 Cat. No.: HY-13058B (2R,4R)-APDC is a selective group II metabotropic (R)-ADX-47273 is a potent mGluR5 positive glutamate receptors (mGluRs) agonist. -
An Investigation Into Pro-Apoptotic Targets in Experimental Glaucoma and the Neuroprotective Effects of Ginkgo Biloba in Retinal Ganglion Cells
An investigation into pro-apoptotic targets in experimental glaucoma and the neuroprotective effects of Ginkgo biloba in retinal ganglion cells Abeir Baltmr MB ChB, FRCS (Glasg) A thesis submitted to University College London for the degree of Doctor of Medicine (Research) 2012 Glaucoma and Retinal Neurodegeneration Research Group Visual Neuroscience Institute of Ophthalmology 1 Declaration I, Abeir Baltmr, confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. Abeir Baltmr 2 Abstract Ginkgo biloba has been advocated as a neuroprotective agent for several years in glaucoma. In this study, immunohistochemistry was used to identify known potential molecular targets of Ginkgo biloba related to retinal ganglion cell (RGC) apoptosis in experimental glaucoma, including amyloid precursor protein (APP), Aß, cytochrome c, caspase-3 and tumor necrosis factor receptor-1 (TNF-R1). Furthermore, using apoptotic inducers related to mechanisms implicated in glaucoma, namely Dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO), ultraviolet C (UVC) and Sodium Azide (NaN3), the effects of the terpenoid fraction of Ginkgo biloba (Ginkgolide A, Ginkgolide B and Bilobalide) were investigated separately in cultured retinal ganglion cells (RGC-5). Cell viability was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and morphological analysis of DMSO treated RGC-5 was performed using Hoechst 33342 stain. Immunohistochemistry showed a strong inverse correlation between Aß and APP in ocular hypertension (OHT) animals, with APP and Aß accumulation peaking at 1 and 12 weeks after intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation respectively. Cytochrome c and TNF-R1 expression peaked at 3 weeks, and active caspase 3 activity at 12 weeks after IOP elevation. -
Accepted Manuscript
Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2019 Nocturnal gamma-hydroxybutyrate reduces cortisol awakening response and morning kyrunenine pathway metabolites in healthy volunteers Dornbierer, Dario A ; Boxler, M ; Voegel, C D ; Stucky, Benjamin ; Steuer, A E ; Binz, T M ; Baumgartner, M R ; Baur, Diego M ; Quednow, B B ; Kraemer, T ; Seifritz, E ; Landolt, Hans-Peter ; Bosch, O G Abstract: Background Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB; or sodium oxybate) is an endogenous GHB- /GABAB receptor agonist. It is approved for the application in narcolepsy and has been proposed for potential treatment of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, fibromyalgia, and depression, all of which involve neuro-immunological processes. Tryptophan catabolites (TRYCATs), the cortisol awakening re- sponse (CAR), and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) have been suggested as peripheral biomark- ers of neuropsychiatric disorders. GHB has been shown to induce a delayed reduction of T helper and natural killer cell counts and alter basal cortisol levels, but GHB’s effects on TRYCATs, CAR and BDNF are unknown. Methods Therefore, TRYCAT and BDNF serum levels as well as CAR and the affec- tive state (Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, PANAS) were measured in the morning after asingle nocturnal dose of GHB (50 mg/kg body weight) in 20 healthy male volunteers in a placebo-controlled, balanced, randomized, double-blind, cross-over design. Results In the morning after nocturnal GHB administration, the TRYCATs indolelactic acid, kynurenine, kynurenic acid, 3-hydroxykynurenine, and quinolinic acid, the 3-hydroxykynurenine to kynurenic acid ratio and the CAR were significantly re- duced (p<0.05-0.001, Benjamini-Hochberg corrected). -
The G Protein-Coupled Glutamate Receptors As Novel Molecular Targets in Schizophrenia Treatment— a Narrative Review
Journal of Clinical Medicine Review The G Protein-Coupled Glutamate Receptors as Novel Molecular Targets in Schizophrenia Treatment— A Narrative Review Waldemar Kryszkowski 1 and Tomasz Boczek 2,* 1 General Psychiatric Ward, Babinski Memorial Hospital in Lodz, 91229 Lodz, Poland; [email protected] 2 Department of Molecular Neurochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92215 Lodz, Poland * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Schizophrenia is a severe neuropsychiatric disease with an unknown etiology. The research into the neurobiology of this disease led to several models aimed at explaining the link between perturbations in brain function and the manifestation of psychotic symptoms. The glutamatergic hypothesis postulates that disrupted glutamate neurotransmission may mediate cognitive and psychosocial impairments by affecting the connections between the cortex and the thalamus. In this regard, the greatest attention has been given to ionotropic NMDA receptor hypofunction. However, converging data indicates metabotropic glutamate receptors as crucial for cognitive and psychomotor function. The distribution of these receptors in the brain regions related to schizophrenia and their regulatory role in glutamate release make them promising molecular targets for novel antipsychotics. This article reviews the progress in the research on the role of metabotropic glutamate receptors in schizophrenia etiopathology. Citation: Kryszkowski, W.; Boczek, T. The G Protein-Coupled Glutamate Keywords: schizophrenia; metabotropic glutamate receptors; positive allosteric modulators; negative Receptors as Novel Molecular Targets allosteric modulators; drug development; animal models of schizophrenia; clinical trials in Schizophrenia Treatment—A Narrative Review. J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10, 1475. https://doi.org/10.3390/ jcm10071475 1. Introduction Academic Editors: Andreas Reif, Schizophrenia is a common debilitating disease affecting about 0.3–1% of the human Blazej Misiak and Jerzy Samochowiec population worldwide [1]. -
GABA Receptors
D Reviews • BIOTREND Reviews • BIOTREND Reviews • BIOTREND Reviews • BIOTREND Reviews Review No.7 / 1-2011 GABA receptors Wolfgang Froestl , CNS & Chemistry Expert, AC Immune SA, PSE Building B - EPFL, CH-1015 Lausanne, Phone: +41 21 693 91 43, FAX: +41 21 693 91 20, E-mail: [email protected] GABA Activation of the GABA A receptor leads to an influx of chloride GABA ( -aminobutyric acid; Figure 1) is the most important and ions and to a hyperpolarization of the membrane. 16 subunits with γ most abundant inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian molecular weights between 50 and 65 kD have been identified brain 1,2 , where it was first discovered in 1950 3-5 . It is a small achiral so far, 6 subunits, 3 subunits, 3 subunits, and the , , α β γ δ ε θ molecule with molecular weight of 103 g/mol and high water solu - and subunits 8,9 . π bility. At 25°C one gram of water can dissolve 1.3 grams of GABA. 2 Such a hydrophilic molecule (log P = -2.13, PSA = 63.3 Å ) cannot In the meantime all GABA A receptor binding sites have been eluci - cross the blood brain barrier. It is produced in the brain by decarb- dated in great detail. The GABA site is located at the interface oxylation of L-glutamic acid by the enzyme glutamic acid decarb- between and subunits. Benzodiazepines interact with subunit α β oxylase (GAD, EC 4.1.1.15). It is a neutral amino acid with pK = combinations ( ) ( ) , which is the most abundant combi - 1 α1 2 β2 2 γ2 4.23 and pK = 10.43. -
Animal Venom Derived Toxins Are Novel Analgesics for Treatment Of
Short Communication iMedPub Journals 2018 www.imedpub.com Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol.2 No.1:6 Animal Venom Derived Toxins are Novel Upadhyay RK* Analgesics for Treatment of Arthritis Department of Zoology, DDU Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, UP, India Abstract *Corresponding authors: Ravi Kant Upadhyay Present review article explains use of animal venom derived toxins as analgesics of the treatment of chronic pain and inflammation occurs in arthritis. It is a [email protected] progressive degenerative joint disease that put major impact on joint function and quality of life. Patients face prolonged inappropriate inflammatory responses and bone erosion. Longer persistent chronic pain is a complex and debilitating Department of Zoology, DDU Gorakhpur condition associated with a large personal, mental, physical and socioeconomic University, Gorakhpur, UttarPradesh, India. burden. However, for mitigation of inflammation and sever pain in joints synthetic analgesics are used to provide quick relief from pain but they impose many long Tel: 9838448495 term side effects. Venom toxins showed high affinity to voltage gated channels, and pain receptors. These are strong inhibitors of ion channels which enable them as potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of pain. Present article Citation: Upadhyay RK (2018) Animal Venom emphasizes development of a new class of analgesic agents in form of venom Derived Toxins are Novel Analgesics for derived toxins for the treatment of arthritis. Treatment of Arthritis. J Mol Sci. Vol.2 No.1:6 Keywords: Analgesics; Venom toxins; Ion channels; Channel inhibitors; Pain; Inflammation Received: February 04, 2018; Accepted: March 12, 2018; Published: March 19, 2018 Introduction such as the back, spine, and pelvis. -
(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2015/0025060A1 Tamarkin Et Al
US 2015.0025060A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2015/0025060A1 Tamarkin et al. (43) Pub. Date: Jan. 22, 2015 (54) FOAMABLE COMPOSITIONS AND KITS (30) Foreign Application Priority Data COMPRISING ONE ORMORE OF A CHANNEL AGENT, ACHOLINERGICAGENT, Oct. 25, 2002 (IL) .......................................... 1524.86 A NITRC OXDE DONOR AND RELATED AGENTS AND THEIR USES Publication Classification (71) Applicant: Foamix Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Rehovot (51) Int. Cl. (IL) A613 L/554 (2006.01) A 6LX3 L/505 (2006.01) (72) Inventors: Dov Tamarkin, Macabim (IL); Meir A647/10 (2006.01) Eini, Ness Ziona (IL); Doron Friedman, A613 L/4422 (2006.01) Karmei Yosef (IL); Tal Berman, Rishon (52) U.S. Cl. Le Ziyyon (IL); Alex Besonov, Rehovot CPC ........... A6 IK3I/554 (2013.01); A61 K3I/4422 (IL) (2013.01); A61 K3I/505 (2013.01); A61 K 47/10 (2013.01) (21) Appl. No.: 14/448,670 USPC ....................... 514/211.03: 514/356; 514/275 (22) Filed: Jul. 31, 2014 (57) ABSTRACT Related U.S. Application Data The present invention relates to a foamable therapeutic com position comprising: (a) a therapeutically effective concen (63) Continuation of application No. 1 1/767,442, filed on tration of at least one active agent selected from the group Jun. 22, 2007, which is a continuation-in-part of appli consisting of a channel agent, a cholinergic agent, and a nitric cation No. 10/911.367, filed on Aug. 4, 2004, said oxide donor; and (b) a foamable carrier comprising: application No. 1 1/767,442 is a continuation-in-part of i. -
Dynamic L-Glutamate Signaling in the Prefrontal Cortex and the Effects of Methylphenidate Treatment
University of Kentucky UKnowledge Theses and Dissertations--Neuroscience Neuroscience 2012 DYNAMIC L-GLUTAMATE SIGNALING IN THE PREFRONTAL CORTEX AND THE EFFECTS OF METHYLPHENIDATE TREATMENT Catherine Elizabeth Mattinson University of Kentucky, [email protected] Right click to open a feedback form in a new tab to let us know how this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Mattinson, Catherine Elizabeth, "DYNAMIC L-GLUTAMATE SIGNALING IN THE PREFRONTAL CORTEX AND THE EFFECTS OF METHYLPHENIDATE TREATMENT" (2012). Theses and Dissertations--Neuroscience. 4. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/neurobio_etds/4 This Doctoral Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Neuroscience at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations--Neuroscience by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STUDENT AGREEMENT: I represent that my thesis or dissertation and abstract are my original work. Proper attribution has been given to all outside sources. I understand that I am solely responsible for obtaining any needed copyright permissions. I have obtained and attached hereto needed written permission statements(s) from the owner(s) of each third-party copyrighted matter to be included in my work, allowing electronic distribution (if such use is not permitted by the fair use doctrine). I hereby grant to The University of Kentucky and its agents the non-exclusive license to archive and make accessible my work in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known. I agree that the document mentioned above may be made available immediately for worldwide access unless a preapproved embargo applies.