Examples of Successful Protein Expression with SUMO Reference Protein Type Family Kda System (Pubmed ID)
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Lung Cancer Signature Biomarkers: Tissue Specific Semantic Similarity
Srivastava et al. BMC Research Notes 2012, 5:617 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1756-0500/5/617 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Lung Cancer Signature Biomarkers: tissue specific semantic similarity based clustering of Digital Differential Display (DDD) data Mousami Srivastava, Pankaj Khurana and Ragumani Sugadev* Abstract Background: The tissue-specific Unigene Sets derived from more than one million expressed sequence tags (ESTs) in the NCBI, GenBank database offers a platform for identifying significantly and differentially expressed tissue-specific genes by in-silico methods. Digital differential display (DDD) rapidly creates transcription profiles based on EST comparisons and numerically calculates, as a fraction of the pool of ESTs, the relative sequence abundance of known and novel genes. However, the process of identifying the most likely tissue for a specific disease in which to search for candidate genes from the pool of differentially expressed genes remains difficult. Therefore, we have used ‘Gene Ontology semantic similarity score’ to measure the GO similarity between gene products of lung tissue-specific candidate genes from control (normal) and disease (cancer) sets. This semantic similarity score matrix based on hierarchical clustering represents in the form of a dendrogram. The dendrogram cluster stability was assessed by multiple bootstrapping. Multiple bootstrapping also computes a p-value for each cluster and corrects the bias of the bootstrap probability. Results: Subsequent hierarchical clustering by the multiple bootstrapping method (α = 0.95) identified seven clusters. The comparative, as well as subtractive, approach revealed a set of 38 biomarkers comprising four distinct lung cancer signature biomarker clusters (panel 1–4). Further gene enrichment analysis of the four panels revealed that each panel represents a set of lung cancer linked metastasis diagnostic biomarkers (panel 1), chemotherapy/ drug resistance biomarkers (panel 2), hypoxia regulated biomarkers (panel 3) and lung extra cellular matrix biomarkers (panel 4). -
Animal Venom Derived Toxins Are Novel Analgesics for Treatment Of
Short Communication iMedPub Journals 2018 www.imedpub.com Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol.2 No.1:6 Animal Venom Derived Toxins are Novel Upadhyay RK* Analgesics for Treatment of Arthritis Department of Zoology, DDU Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, UP, India Abstract *Corresponding authors: Ravi Kant Upadhyay Present review article explains use of animal venom derived toxins as analgesics of the treatment of chronic pain and inflammation occurs in arthritis. It is a [email protected] progressive degenerative joint disease that put major impact on joint function and quality of life. Patients face prolonged inappropriate inflammatory responses and bone erosion. Longer persistent chronic pain is a complex and debilitating Department of Zoology, DDU Gorakhpur condition associated with a large personal, mental, physical and socioeconomic University, Gorakhpur, UttarPradesh, India. burden. However, for mitigation of inflammation and sever pain in joints synthetic analgesics are used to provide quick relief from pain but they impose many long Tel: 9838448495 term side effects. Venom toxins showed high affinity to voltage gated channels, and pain receptors. These are strong inhibitors of ion channels which enable them as potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of pain. Present article Citation: Upadhyay RK (2018) Animal Venom emphasizes development of a new class of analgesic agents in form of venom Derived Toxins are Novel Analgesics for derived toxins for the treatment of arthritis. Treatment of Arthritis. J Mol Sci. Vol.2 No.1:6 Keywords: Analgesics; Venom toxins; Ion channels; Channel inhibitors; Pain; Inflammation Received: February 04, 2018; Accepted: March 12, 2018; Published: March 19, 2018 Introduction such as the back, spine, and pelvis. -
Physiological Significance and Molecular Genetics of Red Cell Enzymes Involved in the Ribonucleotide Metabolism
No. 10] Proc. Japan Acad., 78, Ser. B (2002) 287 Review Physiological significance and molecular genetics of red cell enzymes involved in the ribonucleotide metabolism By Hitoshi KANNO,*)'t) Hisaichi FUJII,*) and Shiro MIwA**) (Communicated by Takashi SUGIMURA,M. J. A., Nov. 12, 2002) Abstract: At the final maturation process red blood cells (RBC) are enucleated, becoming unable to synthesize nucleic acids as well as proteins. RBCs survive approximately 120 days in circulation using glu- cose as the sole energy source. Most crucial RBC functions depend on ATP to sustain physiological home- ostasis. It is thus quite important that generation of ATP by glycolysis and replenishing of adenine nucleotide pools by the reaction, which is catalyzed by adenylate kinase (AK1). In turn, ribosomal RNA is degraded dur- ing remodeling of reticulocytes, and pyrimidine ribonucleotides become unnecessary for RBC viability. Thus they should be dephosphorylated by pyrimidine 5'-nucleotidase (P5N-I) and finally transported outside RBCs. There have been reported that hereditary deficiency of AK1 and P5N-I may cause shortened RBC life span, i.e. hemolytic anemia. In this review, we summarize physiological importance of these enzymes, which are involved in ribonucleotides metabolism during RBC maturation. Key words: Erythrocyte; reticulocyte; pyrimidine 5'-nucleotidase; adenylate kinase; hemolytic anemia; gene mutations. Introduction. At the final stage of differentiation, breakdown of mitochondria is mediated by erythroid- erythroid cells are enucleated, and organelles such as specific lipoxygenase,3~ whereas abundant ribosomal mitochondria, ribosomes, lysosomes, endoplasmic retic- RNA is biochemically catabolyzed into ribonucleotides by ulum and Golgi apparatus are eliminated or decayed. ribonuclease.4),5) Among them mitochondria and ribosomes still remain for An ATP-dependent proteolytic system in reticulo- a few days after enucleation, i.e. -
A Functional Nav1.7-Navab Chimera with a Reconstituted High-Affinity Protx-II Binding Site S
Supplemental material to this article can be found at: http://molpharm.aspetjournals.org/content/suppl/2017/06/23/mol.117.108712.DC1 1521-0111/92/3/310–317$25.00 https://doi.org/10.1124/mol.117.108712 MOLECULAR PHARMACOLOGY Mol Pharmacol 92:310–317, September 2017 Copyright ª 2017 by The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics A Functional NaV1.7-NaVAb Chimera with a Reconstituted High-Affinity ProTx-II Binding Site s Ramkumar Rajamani, Sophie Wu, Iyoncy Rodrigo, Mian Gao, Simon Low, Lisa Megson, David Wensel, Rick L. Pieschl, Debra J. Post-Munson, John Watson, David R. Langley, Michael K. Ahlijanian, Linda J. Bristow, and James Herrington Molecular Discovery Technologies, Wallingford, Connecticut, Princeton, New Jersey, and Waltham, Massachusetts (R.R., S.W., I.R., M.G., S.L., L.M., D.W., D.R.L.); Discovery Biology (R.L.P., D.J.P.-M., M.K.A., L.J.B., J.H.) and Lead Discovery and Optimization (J.W.), Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Wallingford, Connecticut Downloaded from Received March 6, 2017; accepted June 14, 2017 ABSTRACT The NaV1.7 voltage-gated sodium channel is implicated in part of the voltage sensor domain 2 (VSD2) of NaV1.7. Importantly, human pain perception by genetics. Rare gain of function this chimera, DII S1–S4, forms functional sodium channels and is molpharm.aspetjournals.org mutations in NaV1.7 lead to spontaneous pain in humans whereas potently inhibited by the NaV1.7 VSD2 targeted peptide toxin loss of function mutations results in congenital insensitivity to pain. ProTx-II. Further, we show by [125I]ProTx-II binding and surface Hence, agents that specifically modulate the function of NaV1.7 plasmon resonance that the purified DII S1–S4 protein retains high have the potential to yield novel therapeutics to treat pain. -
Prognostic Markers in Acute Myeloid Leukemia – a Candidate Gene Approach
Linköping University Medical Dissertation No. 1648 Ingrid Jakobsen Prognostic markers in acute myeloid leukemia – A candidate gene approach Prognostic markers in acute myeloid leukemia myeloid in acute markers Prognostic Ingrid Jakobsen 2018 Linköping University Medical Dissertations No. 1648 Prognostic Markers in Acute Myeloid Leukemia A Candidate Gene Approach Ingrid Jakobsen Division of Drug Research Department of Medical and Health Sciences Linköping University, Sweden Linköping 2018 ©Ingrid Jakobsen, 2018 Cover illustration modified from iStock.com/kostenkodesign Published articles have been reprinted with the permission of the copyright holder. Printed in Sweden by LiU-Tryck, Linköping, Sweden, 2018 ISBN 978-91-7685-195-1 ISSN 0345-0082 I have no idea where this will lead us, but I have a definite feeling it will be a place both wonderful and strange. Special Agent Dale Cooper Twin Peaks Contents CONTENTS ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................... 1 POPULÄRVETENSKAPLIG SAMMANFATTNING .................................... 3 LIST OF PAPERS .......................................................................................... 5 ABBREVIATIONS ......................................................................................... 7 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................... 9 Acute myeloid leukemia ......................................................................... 9 The difficult risk assessment -
A Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies Susceptibility Loci for Nonsyndromic Sagittal Craniosynostosis Near BMP2 and Within BBS9
LETTERS A genomewide association study identifies susceptibility loci for nonsyndromic sagittal craniosynostosis near BMP2 and within BBS9 Cristina M Justice1,24, Garima Yagnik2,24, Yoonhee Kim1, Inga Peter3, Ethylin Wang Jabs3, Monica Erazo3, Xiaoqian Ye3, Edmond Ainehsazan3, Lisong Shi3, Michael L Cunningham4, Virginia Kimonis5, Tony Roscioli6, Steven A Wall7, Andrew O M Wilkie7,8, Joan Stoler9, Joan T Richtsmeier10, Yann Heuzé10, Pedro A Sanchez-Lara11, Michael F Buckley12, Charlotte M Druschel13, James L Mills14, Michele Caggana15, Paul A Romitti16, Denise M Kay15, Craig Senders17, Peter J Taub18, Ophir D Klein19–21, James Boggan22, Marike Zwienenberg-Lee22, Cyrill Naydenov23, Jinoh Kim2, Alexander F Wilson1 & Simeon A Boyadjiev2 Sagittal craniosynostosis is the most common form of sutures of dense fibrous tissue that accommodate the growing brain. craniosynostosis, affecting approximately one in 5,000 newborns. Bone is added at these sutures during growth, and the skull eventu We conducted, to our knowledge, the first genome-wide ally ossifies completely. Craniosynostosis, the premature closure of association study for nonsyndromic sagittal craniosynostosis one or more of the cranial vault sutures, is a common congenital (sNSC) using 130 non-Hispanic case-parent trios of European anomaly. Approximately 80% of craniosynostosis occurs as an iso ancestry (NHW). We found robust associations in a 120-kb region lated anomaly, called nonsyndromic craniosynostosis (NSC), with downstream of BMP2 flanked by rs1884302 (P = 1.13 × 10−14, out major associated malformations1. Rare mutations in the FGFR2, odds ratio (OR) = 4.58) and rs6140226 (P = 3.40 × 10−11, TWIST1, FREM1, LRIT3, EFNA4 and RUNX2 duplications have been OR = 0.24) and within a 167-kb region of BBS9 between reported in a minor fraction of individuals with NSC2–9. -
The Role of Bacteriocins in the Controlling of Foodborne Pathogens
Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2017 ISSN NO: 2231-6876 THE ROLE OF BACTERIOCINS IN THE CONTROLLING OF FOODBORNE PATHOGENS Abdulhakim Abamecha Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Public Health and Medical Sciences, Mettu University, Mettu, Ethiopia. ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history Bacteriocins are antimicrobial peptides or proteins produced by strains of diverse bacterial Received 20/01/2017 species. The antimicrobial activity of this group of natural substances against food borne Available online pathogenic, as well as spoilage bacteria has raised considerable interest for their application in 20/02/2017 food preservation. Depending on the raw materials, processing conditions, distribution, and consumption, the different types of foods offer a great variety of scenarios where food Keywords poisoning, pathogenic, or spoilage bacteria may proliferate. Application of bacteriocins may Proteinaceous, help reduce the use of chemical preservatives and/or the intensity of heat and other physical Bacteriocin, treatments, satisfying the demands of consumers for foods that are fresh tasting, ready to eat, pH Tolerance. and lightly preserved. In recent years, considerable effort has been made to develop food applications for many different bacteriocins and bacteriocinogenic strains. Antibacterial metabolites of lactic acid bacteria have potential as natural preservatives to control the growth of spoilage and pathogenic bacteria in food. Among them, bacteriocin is used as a preservative in food due to its heat stability, wider pH tolerance and its proteolytic activity. Due to thermo stability and pH tolerance. it can withstand heat and acidity/alkanity of food during storage condition. Bacteriocin are ribosomally synthesized peptides originally defined as proteinaceous compound affecting growth or viability of closely related organisms. -
Pain Research Product Guide | Edition 2
Pain Research Product Guide | Edition 2 Chili plant Capsicum annuum A source of Capsaicin Contents by Research Area: • Nociception • Ion Channels • G-Protein-Coupled Receptors • Intracellular Signaling Tocris Product Guide Series Pain Research Contents Page Nociception 3 Ion Channels 4 G-Protein-Coupled Receptors 12 Intracellular Signaling 18 List of Acronyms 21 Related Literature 22 Pain Research Products 23 Further Reading 34 Introduction Pain is a major public health problem with studies suggesting one fifth of the general population in both the USA and Europe are affected by long term pain. The International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) defines pain as ‘an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage’. Management of chronic pain in the clinic has seen only limited progress in recent decades. Treatment of pain has been reliant on, and is still dominated by two classical medications: opioids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). However, side effects such as dependence associated with opioids and gastric ulceration associated with NSAIDs demonstrates the need for new drug targets and novel compounds that will bring in a new era of pain therapeutics. Pain has been classified into three major types: nociceptive pain, inflammatory pain and neuropathic or pathological pain. Nociceptive pain involves the transduction of painful stimuli by peripheral sensory nerve fibers called nociceptors. Neuropathic pain results from damage or disease affecting the sensory system, and inflammatory pain represents the immunological response to injury through inflammatory mediators that contribute to pain. Our latest pain research guide focuses on nociception and the transduction of pain to the spinal cord, examining some of the main classical targets as well as emerging pain targets. -
Genomic Analyses of Pneumococci Reveal a Wide Diversity of Bacteriocins
Bogaardt et al. BMC Genomics (2015) 16:554 DOI 10.1186/s12864-015-1729-4 RESEARCHARTICLE Open Access Genomic analyses of pneumococci reveal a wide diversity of bacteriocins – including pneumocyclicin, a novel circular bacteriocin Carlijn Bogaardt, Andries J van Tonder and Angela B Brueggemann* Abstract Background: One of the most important global pathogens infecting all age groups is Streptococcus pneumoniae (the ‘pneumococcus’). Pneumococci reside in the paediatric nasopharynx, where they compete for space and resources, and one competition strategy is to produce a bacteriocin (antimicrobial peptide or protein) to attack other bacteria and an immunity protein to protect against self-destruction. We analysed a collection of 336 diverse pneumococcal genomes dating from 1916 onwards, identified bacteriocin cassettes, detailed their genetic composition and sequence diversity, and evaluated the data in the context of the pneumococcal population structure. Results: We found that all genomes maintained a blp bacteriocin cassette and we identified several novel blp cassettes and genes. The composition of the ‘bacteriocin/immunity region’ of the blp cassette was highly variable: one cassette possessed six bacteriocin genes and eight putative immunity genes, whereas another cassette had only one of each. Both widely-distributed and highly clonal blp cassettes were identified. Most surprisingly, one-third of pneumococcal genomes also possessed a cassette encoding a novel circular bacteriocin that we called pneumocyclicin, which shared a similar genetic organisation to well-characterised circular bacteriocin cassettes in other bacterial species. Pneumocyclicin cassettes were mainly of one genetic cluster and largely found among seven major pneumococcal clonal complexes. Conclusions: These detailed genomic analyses revealed a novel pneumocyclicin cassette and a wide variety of blp bacteriocin cassettes, suggesting that competition in the nasopharynx is a complex biological phenomenon. -
(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2007/0191272 A1 Stemmer Et Al
US 200701.91272A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2007/0191272 A1 Stemmer et al. (43) Pub. Date: Aug. 16, 2007 (54) PROTEINACEOUS PHARMACEUTICALS Publication Classification AND USES THEREOF (76) Inventors: Willem P.C. Stemmer, Los Gatos, CA (51) Int. Cl. (US); Volker Schellenberger, Palo A6II 38/16 (2006.01) Alto, CA (US); Martin Bader, C40B 40/08 (2006.01) Mountain View, CA (US); Michael C40B 40/10 (2006.01) Scholle, Mountain View, CA (US) C07K I4/47 (2006.01) (52) U.S. Cl. ................. 514/12: 435/7.1: 435/6; 530/324 Correspondence Address: WILSON SONSN GOODRCH & ROSAT 650 PAGE MILL ROAD (57) ABSTRACT PALO ALTO, CA 94304-1050 (US) (21) Appl. No.: 11/528,927 The present invention provides cysteine-containing scaf folds and/or proteins, expression vectors, host cell and (22) Filed: Sep. 27, 2006 display systems harboring and/or expressing such cysteine containing products. The present invention also provides Related U.S. Application Data methods of designing libraries of Such products, methods of (60) Provisional application No. 60/721,270, filed on Sep. screening Such libraries to yield entities exhibiting binding 27, 2005. Provisional application No. 60/721,188, specificities towards a target molecule. Further provided by filed on Sep. 27, 2005. Provisional application No. the invention are pharmaceutical compositions comprising 60/743,622, filed on Mar. 21, 2006. the cysteine-containing products of the present invention. Patent Application Publication Aug. 16, 2007 Sheet 1 of 46 US 2007/0191272 A1 Takara togra: Patent Application Publication Aug. 16, 2007 Sheet 2 of 46 US 2007/0191272 A1 FIG. -
Identification, Properties, and Application of Enterocins Produced by Enterococcal Isolates from Foods
IDENTIFICATION, PROPERTIES, AND APPLICATION OF ENTEROCINS PRODUCED BY ENTEROCOCCAL ISOLATES FROM FOODS THESIS Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree Master of Science in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Xueying Zhang, B.S. ***** The Ohio State University 2008 Master Committee: Approved by Professor Ahmed E. Yousef, Advisor Professor Hua Wang __________________________ Professor Luis Rodriguez-Saona Advisor Food Science and Nutrition ABSTRACT Bacteriocins produced by lactic acid bacteria have gained great attention because they have potentials for use as natural preservatives to improve food safety and stability. The objectives of the present study were to (1) screen foods and food products for lactic acid bacteria with antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, (2) investigate virulence factors and antibiotic resistance among bacteriocin-producing enterooccal isolates, (3) characterize the antimicrobial agents and their structural gene, and (4) explore the feasibility of using these bacteriocins as food preservatives. In search for food-grade bacteriocin-producing bacteria that are active against spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms, various commercial food products were screened and fifty-one promising Gram-positive isolates were studied. Among them, fourteen food isolates with antimicrobial activity against food-borne pathogenic bacteria, Listeria monocytogenes and Bacillus cereus, were chosen for further study. Based on 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequence analysis, fourteen food isolates were identified as Enterococcus faecalis, and these enterococcal isolates were investigated for the presence of virulence factors and antibiotic resistance through genotypic and phenotypic screening. Results indicated that isolates encoded some combination of virulence factors. The esp gene, encoding extracellular surface protein, was not detected in any of the isolates. -
Bacillus Thuringiensis Beyond Insect Biocontrol: Plant Growth Promotion and Biosafety of Polyvalent Strains
Annals of Microbiology, 57 (4) 481-494 (2007) Bacillus thuringiensis beyond insect biocontrol: plant growth promotion and biosafety of polyvalent strains Noura RADDADI1, Ameur CHERIF2, Hadda OUZARI2, Massimo MARZORATI1, Lorenzo BRUSETTI1, Abdellatif BOUDABOUS2, Daniele DAFFONCHIO1* 1Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Alimentari e Microbiologiche, Università degli Studi, via Celoria 2, 20133, Milano, Italy; 2Laboratoire Microorganismes et Biomolecule Actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia Received 3 September 2007 / Accepted 1 October 2007 Abstract - The entomopathogenic bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis is widely used for the control of many agricultural insect pests and vectors of human diseases. Several studies reported also on its antibacterial and antifungal activities. However, to our knowledge there were no studies dealing with its capacity to act as a plant growth promoting bacterium. This review surveys the potential of B. thuringiensis as a polyvalent biocontrol agent, a biostimulator and biofertiliser bacterium that could promote the plant growth. Also, discussed is the safety of B. thuringiensis as a bacterium phylogenetically closely related to Bacillus cereus the opportunistic human pathogen and Bacillus anthracis, the etiological agent of anthrax. Key words: Bacillus thuringiensis, PGPR, biocontrol, biostimulation, biofertilisation, safety. INTRODUCTION ing plant growth and development. This biocontrol activity is accomplished owing to the production of bacteriocins (Cherif The entomopathogenic bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis is a et al., 2003b), autolysins (Raddadi et al., 2004, 2005), lac- Gram-positive spore-forming bacterium that belongs to the tonases (Dong et al., 2002), siderophores, β-1,3-glucanase, Bacillus cereus group which encompasses six validly chitinases, antibiotics and hydrogene cyanide and to the abil- described species (Daffonchio et al., 2000; Cherif et al., ity to degrade indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) (protect the plant 2003a).