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Present Perspectives of Septuagint Research Open Access | Peer-Reviewed Journal | ISSN 1337-6411 TESTIMONIA THEOLOGICA, XII, 1 (2018): 21-39 FEVTH.UNIBA.SK/VEDA/TESTIMONIA-THEOLOGICA/ PRESENT PERSPECTIVES OF SEPTUAGINT RESEARCH apl. Prof. Dr. Martin Meiser ___________________________________________________________________________ Abstract: Der Aufsatz benennt kritische Ausgaben und Hilfsmittel zum Septuagintastudium, beschreibt die Organisation der Septuagintaforschung und führt in einige ihrer wichtigen Fragen ein (Definition der Septuaginta; historischer Hintergrund; jüdische Tradition; Philologie; Theologie und Hermeneutik; Rezeptionsgeschichte; Rezensionen; Tochterversionen) Keywords: Septuagintaforschung; Jüdische Tradition; Theologie; Tochterversionen Research on Septuagint is research within a wide and fascinating field including aspects of Textual Criticism, History, Philology, and Theology. The following paper does not offer an own thesis concerning this or that point, but offers an overview. 1. Critical Edition, Bibliographies, Concordances The critical edition of the Septuagint used worldwide is made in Goettingen by the Septuaginta Unternehmen based on all available manuscripts. Today ca. 2000 manuscripts are known – sometimes we are fortunate enough to find of a new manuscript.1 The editors photographed and conferred the manuscripts in order to edit a text, which comes close to a possibly original text. They preferred this procedure over a so-called diplomatic edition of one of the leading manuscripts. The Unternehmen began 1908, the first Volumes were published in 1931 (Psalms) und 1936 (First Maccabees). Until 2015, the Torah, the Prophets (exception: Daniel) and most of Wisdom Literature was published. In 2015, the Unternehmen was closed. Mostly researchers from other countries continue to publish the missing volumes based on the manuscripts and photographs, which are collected in 1 P.Oxy 5101, Rahlfs-Nr. 2227: written 50-150 C.E., containing Psalms, the divine name written in paleo-Hebrew characters. MARTIN MEISER Goettingen.2 A Manual, developed by Alfred Rahlfs and emendated by Robert Hanhart, is available since 2006.3 Concordances,4 bibliographies5, grammars,6 and lexica7 are indispensable instruments for Septuagint research. Some “Introductions”8 and “Handbooks”9 were also published. 2. Progress of Research on Septuagint Until the Sixties or Seventies of the past century, researchers studied the Septuagint mainly with regard to issues of Old Testament textual criticism. The discovery of the 2 https://adw-goe.de/en/research/completed-research-projects/akademienprogramm/septuaginta-unter nehmen/publications/septuaginta-vetus-testamentum-graecum/. See further Reinhard Gregor Kratz and Bernhard Neuschäfer, ed., Die Göttinger Septuaginta: Ein editorisches Jahrhundertprojekt (Berlin/Boston: de Gruyter, 2013). 3 Alfred Rahlfs and Robert Hanhart, Septuaginta: Id est Vetus Testamentum graece iuxta LXX interpretes ed. Alfred Rahlfs, Editio altera, quam recognovit et emendavit Robert Hanhart, Duo volumina in uno (Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, 2006). 4 Edwin Hatch and Henry A. Redpath, A Concordance to the Septuagint and the Other Greek Versions of the Old Testament (Including the Apocryphal Books), 2 vols (Oxford: Clarendon, 1897; repr. Graz: Akademische Druck- und Verlagsanstalt 1954; Grand Rapids: Baker Book House Company, 1998); Takamitsu Muraoka, Hebraic/Aramaic Index to the Septuagint: Keyed to the Hatch-Redpath Concordance (Grand Rapids: Bakers 1998, ²2001); id., A Greek-Hebrew/Aramaic Two-way Index to the Septuagint (Leuven/Paris/Walpole, MA: Peeters 2010); Natalio Fernández Marcos, Índice Griego- Hebreo del Texto Antioqueno en los Libros Históricos, Vol. 1: Índice general (Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, 2005). 5 Sebastian P. Brock and Charles T. Fritsch, C.T. and Sidney Jellicoe, A Classified Bibliography of the Septuagint, ALGHJ 6 (Leiden: Brill 1973); Cécile Dogniez, Bibliography of the Septuagint: Bibliographie de la Septante (1970-1993), VTSup 60 (Leiden: Brill, 1995); Alexis Léonas, The Septuagint in Premodern Study: A Bibliography, BIOSCS 41 (2008), 93-113. See also www.kalvesmaki.com/LXX/secondlit.htm. 6 Frederick C. Conybeare and George William Joseph Stock, Grammar of Septuagint Greek with Selected Readings, Vocabularies, and Updated Indexes (Boston 1905, rev. ed. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson 1995); Rudolf Helbing, Grammatik der Septuaginta: Laut- und Wortlehre (Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1907=1979). 7 Johan Lust and Erik Eynikel and Katrin Hauspie, A Greek-English Lexicon of the Septuagint (Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, 1992, ²2003; Takamitsu Muraoka, A Greek-English Lexicon of the Septuagint: Chiefly of the Pentateuch and the Twelve Prophets, 2. Aufl. (Leuven: Peeters, 2002). See also Eberhard Bons and Jan Joosten, eds., Die Sprache der Septuaginta/The Language of the Septuagint, LXX.H 3 (Gütersloh: Gütersloher Verlagshaus, 2016). 8 Marguerite Harl and Gilles Dorival and Olivier Munnich, La Bible grecque des Septante: Du judaïsme au christianisme ancien, Initiations au christianisme ancien 5; (Paris: Cerf, 1988, 2nd ec. 1994); Folker Siegert, Zwischen Hebräischer Bibel und Altem Testament. Eine Einführung in die Septuaginta, Münsteraner Judaistische Studien 9 (Münster u.a.: Lit Verlag, 2001); Jennifer M. Dines, The Septuagint (London/New York: T&T Clark, 2004); James Aitken, ed.), The T&T Clark Companion to the Septuagint (London: T&T Clark, 2015 ; Martin Meiser, Septuaginta, inkulturáció és az identitás örzése. Bevezetés a görög Ószövetségbe (Cluj-Napoca/Kolozsvár: Verbum, 2017). 9 Handbuch zur Septuaginta (LXX.H), Vol. 1: Einleitung in die Septuaginta, ed. Siegfried Kreuzer, LXX.H 1 (Gütersloh: Gütersloher Verlagshaus, 2016); Vol. 3: Die Sprache der Septuaginta/The Language of the Septuagint, ed. Eberhard Bons and Jan Joosten, LXX.H 3 (Gütersloh: Gütersloher Verlagshaus, 2016). 22 PRESENT PERSPECTIVES OF SEPTUAGINT RESEARCH Qumran Scrolls and the eagerness to perceive Second Temple Judaism in its variety inseminated a new inquiry of the Septuagint as part of Second Temple Judaism. In 1968, some scholars founded the International Organization for Septuagint and Cognate Studies (IOSCS)10, which organizes international conferences in a three-years-term. Additionally, they publish a Journal11 und prepares a commentary series. The Jubilee Volume 50 (2017), published in 2018, presents reports on Septuagint research from Belgium, Canada, Finland, France, Germany, Korea, Russia, Spain, and USA. In any case, Israel has to be added to the list of countries where Septuagint research is flourishing, represented by Zipora Talshir12 and Emanuel Tov.13 New interest in Judaism caused translation projects in modern languages. Adnoted translations in French14, Spanish15, English16, Romanian17, Italian18, German19 are 10 See Leonard Greenspoon, “The IOSCS at 25 Years,” in VIII Congress of the International Organization for Septuagint and Cognate Studies Paris 1992, ed. Leonard Greenspoon and Oliver Munnich, SBLSCS 41 (Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1995), 171-181. 11 Bulletin of the International Organization for Septuagint and Cognate Studies, since 2011 Journal of Septuagint and Cognate Studies (Publisher: Eisenbrauns, Winona Lake, USA; from 2018 on: Peeters, Leuven). 12 Zipora Talshir, “Double Translations in the Septuagint,” in VI Congress of the International Organization for Septuagint and Cognate Studies, Jerusalem, 1986, ed. Claude E. Cox (Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1987), 21-63; Zipora Talshir, The Alternative Story of the Division of the Kingdom 3 Kingdoms 12:24a-z, Jerusalem biblical studies 6 (Jerusalem: Simor, 1993). 13 Emanuel Tov, The Septuagint Translation of Jeremiah and Baruch: A Discussion of an Early Revision of Jeremiah 29-52 and Baruch 1:1-3:8, Harvard Semitic monographs 8, (Missoula, Mont.: Scholars Press, 1976); Emanuel Tov, “Die griechischen Bibelübersetzungen,” in Aufstieg und Niedergang des römischen Weltreiches II 20/1, 1987, 121-189; Emanuel Tov, The Text-critical Use of the Septuagint in Biblical Research, Jerusalem Biblical Studies 8 (Jerusalem: Simor, 1981, 21997); Emanuel Tov, The Greek and Hebrew Bible: Collected Essays on the Septuagint, VTSup 72 (Leiden/Boston/Köln: Brill, 1999); Emanuel Tov, Textual Criticism of the Hebrew Bible (Minneapolis: Fortress/Assen: Van Gorcum, 1992, 22001; Emanuel Tov, Scribal Practices and Approaches Reflected in the Texts Found in the Judean Desert, Studies on the texts of the desert of Judah 54 (Leiden/Boston: Brill, 2004); Emanuel Tov, Hebrew Bible, Greek Bible, and Qumran. Collected Essays, TSAJ 121, (Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2008). 14 Vde. https://www.editionsducerf.fr/librairie/cat/les-bibles/bible-d-alexandrie and https://bda.hypothe ses.org/. 15 La Biblia Griega. Septuaginta. I. El Pentateuco, ed. Natalio Fernández Marcos and María Victoria Spottorno Díaz-Caro, Biblioteca de estudios Bíblicos 125 (Salamanca: Ediciones Sígueme, 2008); II. Libros históricos, ed. Natalio Fernández Marcos/María Victoria Spottorno Díaz-Caro, Biblioteca de estudios Bíblicos 126 (Salamanca: Ediciones Sígueme, 2011); III. Libros poéticos y sapienciales, ed. Natalio Fernández Marcos/María Victoria Spottorno Díaz-Caro, Biblioteca de estudios Bíblicos 127 (Salamanca: Ediciones Sígueme, 2013), IV. Libros propheticos, ed. Natalio Fernández Marcos/María Victoria Spottorno Díaz-Caro, Biblioteca de estudios Bíblicos 128 (Salamanca: Ediciones Sígueme, 2015). 16 Albert Pietersma and Benjamin G. Wright, eds., A New Translation of the Septuagint and the Other Greek Translations
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