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Yahweh at Work the Significance and Function of the Theme “Creation” in Isaiah 40 – 48

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Yahweh at Work the Significance and Function of the Theme “Creation” in Isaiah 40 – 48 Aravind Jeyakumar Moniraj Yahweh at Work The Significance and Function of the Theme “Creation” in Isaiah 40 – 48 STUDIEN ZU INTERKULTURELLER THEOLOGIE AN DER MISSIONSAKADEMIE22 Dieses Buch ist in seiner ursprünglichen Form die Dissertation von Aravind Jeyakumar Moniraj, die am Fachbereich Evangelische Theologie der Universität Hamburg im Februar 2019 zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades (Dr. theol.), eingereicht wurde. This book in its original form is the dissertation of Aravind Jeyakumar Moniraj, submitted to the Department of Protestant Theology at the University of Hamburg in February 2019, for the degree of Doctor of Theology (Dr. theol.). Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über https://www.dnb.de abrufbar. Druck: Scandinavian Book, Gravenstein, DK Missionshilfe Verlag, Hamburg 2021 Alle Rechte vorbehalten Cover Design: Martin Keiper (keipertext.com) ISBN 978-3-946426- ISSN 2196-4696 Dedicated to Mr. V. A. Moniraj & (Late) Mrs. Beula Moniraj (my parents) and Mrs. Lilly Jeyakumar, Alfred Lemmy & Judith Vivian (my wife and children) 3 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 9-11 ABBREVIATIONS 13-17 INTRODUCTION 19-22 Chapter One 23-49 PLACING ISAIAH IN CONTEXT Introduction 23 1.1. Isaiah 40-55: Preliminary Observations 23 1.2. Historical Sketch of the Exilic Period 27 1.3. Theories of Redactional Progression of Isaiah 40-55 31 1.4. Placing Isaiah 40-48 in Babylonian Context to Map the Creation Theme 45 Summary 48 Chapter Two 51-68 THE HISTORY OF RESEARCH Introduction 51 2.1. Evolution of the Debate on the Theme-Creation 51 2.2. Subordination of Creation to Redemption in the OT 52 2.3. Creation and Redemption in Polarization 56 2.4. Creation – An Independent Tradition in the OT 57 2.5. Creation – The Fundamental Theme in the OT 59 2.6. Exclusive Studies on Creation and Redemption in Isaiah 60 Summary 68 Chapter Three 69-269 A DETAILED EXEGETICAL STUDY OF THE SELECTED PASSAGES FROM ISAIAH 40-48 Introduction 69 5 3.1. Isaiah 40:12-31 70 3.1.1. Translation 70 3.1.2. Delimitation, Structure, Form and Outline of Isaiah 40:12-31 72 3.1.3. Detailed Exegetical Analysis of Isaiah 40: 12-31 91 3.1.4. Observations 160 3.2. Isaiah 41:17-20 161 3.2.1. Translation 161 3.2.2. Delimitation, Structure, Form and Outline of Isaiah 41:17-20 161 3.2.3. Detailed Exegetical Analysis of Isaiah 41:17-20 167 3.2.4. Observations 190 3.3. Isaiah 42:5-9 192 3.3.1. Translation 192 3.3.2. Delimitation, Structure, Form and Outline of Isaiah 42:5-9 192 3.3.3. Detailed Exegetical Analysis of Isaiah 42:5-9 198 3.3.4. Observations 217 3.4. Isaiah 43:16-21 218 3.4.1. Translation 218 3.4.2. Delimitation, Structure, Form and Outline of Isaiah 43:16-21 218 3.4.3. Detailed Exegetical Analysis of Isaiah 43:16-21 224 3.4.4. Observations 238 3.5. Isaiah 45:18-19 239 3.5.1. Translation 239 3.5.2. Delimitation, Structure, Form and Outline of Isaiah 45:18-19 239 3.5.3. Detailed Exegetical Analysis of Isaiah 45:18-19 245 3.5.4. Observations 261 3.6. The Significant Nuances of “Creation” in Isaiah 40-48 262 3.6.1. Creator Yahweh at Work: Implied Human-Occupational-Imageries 264 3.6.1.1. Creator Yahweh: The Tentmaker 264 3.6.1.2. Creator Yahweh: The Gardener 264 3.6.1.3. Creator Yahweh: The Metalworker 265 6 3.6.1.4. Creator Yahweh: The Shepherd 265 3.6.1.5. Creator Yahweh: The Potter 265 3.6.1.6. Creator Yahweh: The Farmer 266 3.6.1.7. Creator Yahweh: The Builder or Architect 266 3.6.1.8. Creator Yahweh: The Sculptor 267 Summary 268 CONCLUSION 271-277 BIBLIOGRAPHY 279-300 7 8 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS At the outset I would like to thank Almighty God for giving me an opportunity to pursue my doctoral studies at the University of Hamburg with the scholarship from the Academy of Mission (Missionsakademie), Hamburg. It was a challenging as well as a fascinating experience for me to be a doctoral student in Germany. Moreover, it was hardly possible for me to succeed in my doctoral studies without the contribution of many people who were instrumental in shaping my academic career and I am indebted to them for what I am today. It was my great privilege and honor to have Prof. Dr. Dr. h. c. Corinna Körting as my Doktormutter, (Professor of Old Testament and Ancient Near Eastern Religion, University of Hamburg), who introduced me to the ocean of Old Testament critical scholarship. Her expertise and treasure of knowledge in the field of Old Testament are highly commendable. It was only due to her valuable guidance, constant support and encouragement and ever-friendly nature that I was able to successfully complete my research work. Moreover, her precise blueprint for my entire research period enabled me to explore immensely the field of Old Testament academia and I am always grateful to her for showing me the right path. I am also thankful to Prof. Dr. Dr. h. c. Hermann Spieckermann (Professor of Old Testament and Ancient Near Eastern Religion, University of Göttingen) for being my second examiner, who in the OTSEM1 conferences moderated my research presentations and enriched me with his critical constructive comments. I extend my sincere gratitude to Prof. Dr. Werner Kahl, my mentor in the Missionsakademie, for his able supervision and guidance throughout my entire research period. My sincere thanks to the following esteemed colleagues of the Institut für Altes Testament (IAT) for being a great support and encouragement: PD Dr. Andreas Scherer, Dr. Martin Hallaschka, Prof. Dr. Sabine Franke, Dr. Dennis Koch, Dr. Marcel Krusche, and Frau Petra Hartmann. I am grateful to the thought- provoking discussions and critical comments that I received from the Old Testament colleagues of HARK-net2 Seminars, OTSEM conferences and the Doctoral colloquiums of IAT at the University of Hamburg which gave different perspectives to refine my research project. My thanks also go to the librarians and 1 OTSEM (Old Testament Studies: Epistemologies and Methods) is a research network of several Northern European universities focuses on research into Hebrew Bible and promotes the development of young scholars. 2 HARK-Net (Hamburg-Aarhus-Kiel-K(C)openhagen-Network) is a research network of the Old Testament Department from the Universities of Hamburg, Aarhus, Kiel and Copenhagen. 9 staff of the Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek, and the Theologische Fachbibliothek, Hamburg. Especially, I am indebted to the Missionsakademie, its Vorstand (Executive Board) and the Studienleitung (Management of Studies) not only for offering the generous scholarship but also for being hospitable and taking care of everything during my stay in Bochum and Hamburg. I place on record my sincere thanks to Prof. Dr. Ulrich Dehn (Chairperson), the former Heads of Studies (Studienleiter/innen) of the Missionsakademie Dr. Uta Andrée (the former Executive Director), Prof. Dr. Werner Kahl, Dr. Sönke Lorberg-Fehring, PD Dr. Sabina Förster, Dr. Claudete Beise Ulrich, Dr. Lars Röser-Israel, Pastorin Anna Katherina and Pastorin Hanna Stahl, and the present Head of Studies Dr. Anton Knuth (Executive Director) and Dr. Ruomin Liu for being a great support in all circumstances and for going the extra mile with me to accomplish my goal. The stimulating academic discussions in the doctoral colloquiums of the Missionsakademie both strengthened my research work as well as offered a deeper understanding about the German theologians. I am also thankful to the Missionsakademie for generously publishing my doctoral research work. I was fortunate to have the ever-helping staff of the Missionsakademie, Frau Jantje Trey, Herr Guilherme Ferreira, Frau Sandra Meyer, Frau Silvia Huber, Herr Stefan Schlosser and other staff members without whom I would hardly have had a comfortable stay in the Missionsakademie. My earnest thanks to Pastorin Hanna Stahl for her friendship and for being a source of encouragement during the final stages of my research work who helped me in many ways. I express my sincere gratitude to the German language teachers of Ökumenischen Studienwerk (ÖSW-Ecumenical Study Center), Bochum, and the biblical languages instructors at the University of Hamburg, PD Dr. Andreas Scherer (Hebrew) and Dr. Christiane Krause (Greek) for their incredible knowledge and expertise through which I was benefited a lot. I am grateful to Herr Gerd Potyka and Frau Lora Potyka, Herr Donald Goodwin and Frau Ingrid Goodwin, Frau Claudia Sarawara and the members of the Thomas Zentrum Church for all their constant support and hospitality while I was learning German in Bochum. I am also thankful to the members of the Hamburg International United Methodist Church, the pastors Rev. Nicole Haack Sims, Rev. Dr. Kirk S. Sims, Rev. Edgar Lücken and Rev. Irene Kraft (District Superintendent) for all their encouragement and generous help during my stay in Hamburg. Special thanks are due to Mr. Kelvin Craig for his friendship and for his patience in proof reading my manuscript. My special thanks go to Rev. Richard E. A. Rodgers, the former principal of Leonard Theological College, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, for his constant support 10 and earnest recommendation during the time when I applied for the scholarship of the Missionsakademie. I owe a lot to all my beloved professors who sharpened my theological perspectives, especially the Old Testament Professors, Rev. Dr. Monica Jyotsna Melanchthon, Rev. Dr. M. Mani Chacko and Rev. Dr. Thomas Babu for inspiring me to become a student of the Hebrew Bible/Old Testament. A special word of thanks to Dr.
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