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The Case of Florida's Students Working Against Tobacco George Wheeler Luke

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The Case of Florida's Students Working Against Tobacco George Wheeler Luke Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2004 State-Sponsored Advocacy?: The Case of Florida's Students Working Against Tobacco George Wheeler Luke Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF SOCIAL SCIENCES STATE-SPONSORED ADVOCACY? THE CASE OF FLORIDA’S STUDENTS WORKING AGAINST TOBACCO By GEORGE WHEELER LUKE A Dissertation submitted to the Department of Sociology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Degree Awarded: Summer Semester, 2004 The members of the Committee approve the Dissertation of George Wheeler Luke defended on July 12, 2004. ________________________________ Patricia Yancey Martin Professor Directing Dissertation ________________________________ Marie Cowart Outside Committee Member ________________________________ Irene Padavic Committee Member ________________________________ Jill Quadagno Committee Member Approved: ________________________________ Isaac Eberstein, Chair, Department of Sociology The Office of Graduate Studies has verified and approved the above named committee members. ii For Emily, who did more work on this project than I will ever admit iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I thank Pat Martin, who was not my first choice as mentor during my graduate education, but was my wisest choice. She has proven to have an unshakable faith in my ability. I know because I have tried to shake it. As my dissertation advisor she could boost my ego and knock it flat without drawing a breath, and had a preternatural ability of knowing when to do which. Had she not used both the carrot and the stick with such finesse, had she made even the tiniest of miscalculations in her quest to saddle me with a Ph.D, I would have slipped the noose. I am sure of that and glad of her steady guidance. Pat also has that rarest skill among Sociologists—of the ability to engage in complex thinking without sacrificing communicative clarity. In this, and in other aspects, she has become my role model as well as my advisor. Thanks to my committee, for verifying and corroborating my matchless ability to select excellent committee members. Thank you Tim Buehner, co-worker and collaborator at the University of Miami, for your Christ-like sufferance, exemplary modeling, and constructive criticism, including but not limited to collaborating in the gathering of data for this dissertation. Also, my thanks go to all of my friends and family who did not repeatedly ask me when I was going to finish. You know who you are. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES............................................................................................................ vii ABSTRACT..................................................................................................................... viii CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION........................................................................................ 1 Research Questions......................................................................................................... 3 An Introduction to SWAT .............................................................................................. 4 Overview of Chapters ..................................................................................................... 7 CHAPTER 2 THEORIES OF SOCIAL MOVEMENTS................................................... 9 Social Movements and the State................................................................................... 10 The Micro-mobilization Turn in Social Movement Theory ......................................... 11 Emotions in Social Movements ................................................................................ 13 Framing..................................................................................................................... 14 Social Movement Organizations................................................................................... 16 Summary and Conclusion............................................................................................. 19 CHAPTER 3 THE ANTI-TOBACCO MOVEMENT AND THE PUBLIC HEALTH... 21 Movement Framings of Tobacco as a Social Problem ................................................. 21 19th and early 20th Century Movement Framings ..................................................... 21 Contemporary Movement Frames: ........................................................................... 23 Public Health Approaches to Tobacco Control ............................................................ 25 The Rise of State Activism ........................................................................................... 26 Federal Initiatives...................................................................................................... 27 State Programs .......................................................................................................... 30 CHAPTER 4 METHODS................................................................................................. 35 Procedures of Data Collection ...................................................................................... 36 Participant Observation............................................................................................. 36 Official Documents................................................................................................... 37 News Media Sources................................................................................................. 38 Focus Groups: ........................................................................................................... 39 Procedures of Data Analysis......................................................................................... 42 Focus Group Comparisons and the Unit of Analysis................................................ 43 Coding the Focus Group Data................................................................................... 44 Analyzing Emotional Content in the Focus Group Data .......................................... 46 Summary....................................................................................................................... 48 CHAPTER 5 A BRIEF HISTORY OF SWAT ................................................................ 49 Successful Anti-tobacco Litigation............................................................................... 50 Development of the “Florida Model” ........................................................................... 52 Regime Change............................................................................................................. 57 SWAT Under Waters................................................................................................ 60 SWAT and Truth........................................................................................................... 64 Funding for SWAT Under the Bush Administration.................................................... 66 Resistance in the SWAT BOD...................................................................................... 71 Managing the youth .................................................................................................. 74 SWAT’s Later Agenda: Irrelevant Activism ................................................................ 77 v A Loss of Momentum ............................................................................................... 78 SWAT on the Sidelines............................................................................................. 79 Action Independent of the Statewide Office................................................................. 81 Summary and Discussion.............................................................................................. 82 CHAPTER 6 PARTICIPATION IN SWAT .................................................................... 83 Who Are the SWAT Youth?......................................................................................... 86 The Typical SWAT Team............................................................................................. 87 SWAT Activities........................................................................................................... 93 The Primacy of the “Health Message”.......................................................................... 97 Locally Oriented Mobilization.................................................................................... 102 Constructions of Collective Identity in SWAT........................................................... 104 The Identity of the SWAT Leader .......................................................................... 105 Collective Identity Among the Rank-and-file......................................................... 112 Slogans.................................................................................................................... 117 Empowerment and Youth Power in SWAT................................................................ 120 Self-Direction.......................................................................................................... 121 Money ..................................................................................................................... 123 Knowledge .............................................................................................................. 125 Sphere of Influence................................................................................................
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