SUPE RFAMILY MILIOLACEA : A THREE-FOLD LAYERED WALL __ _ SUPERFAMILY MILIOLACEAEHRENBERG 1839 EMENDED · NEW SUPERFAMILY HAUERINACEA ,
H. V. ANDERSEN
LOUISIANA STATE UNIVER SITY (RETIRED ) BATON ROUGE , LOUISIANA
I.ABS TRACT crystals that are randomly oriented an d held in place b y the inn er lining or "ceil The Supe rfamily Miliolacea Ehr enberg , ing" of the chamb ers. Further, a photomi 1839, is her e restricte d to the calcareous crograph of "Quinqueloculina tuberculata imperforat e Forami niferida that have a Cushman and Todd" [= Hemim iliola jack pitted exter ior surface and a wall com so nensi s Cushman] displays the same posed of thr ee layers. Excluded are- those three-fold arrangement of calcite layers in Foraminiferid a that hav e a smooth porce the wall of th e test (see Figure 4). Other laneous surfa ce, as ex hibited when viewed photomicrogr aphs reveal pores at the base in reflected light. of the pits in the genera Miliola and Described herei n as new are the genera Hemi mili ola. Hemimiliola , Hete romil iola, and Miliola Loeblich and Tappan , in describi ng the costata. Th ese three genera are distin Suborder Miliolina D elage and Herouard, guished by the texture of the out er wall of 1896, state: the test (smoot h , ribbed, or costate), th e "Test of porc elaneous high m agnesi um chamber arrangement, and the distribu calcit e, of fine randomly ori ente d rodlik e tion of pits (juxtapose d or separated ). Five crystals , 1.5 µm to 2 .0 µm in lengt h and new subfamilies are here d esign ate d and 0.24 µm in d iameter, see n only with the described : the HEMIMILIOLINAE, HET electr on microscope, th e random crystal EROMILIOLINAE , TEXININAE , HEL orientation refracting light in all dir ections ENTAPPANELLINAE, and MILIOLACO to result in the milk y opacity or porcela STATIN AE , which include all of the neous ap pearance in reflected light, wall known species of Miliolacea from the Gulf appears brown an d glassy in transmitted Coastal Plain . light , may have surfac e layer of variously The new Superfamily HAUERINACEA , arranged tabu lar rhombohedral crystals, here design ate d, i s erected to accommo commonly with organic linin g and may date all form er species of Miliolacea with a ha ve added adventitious material ; tru e smooth por cela neou s surface, as exhibited por es may occur in protoconch of some , when viewed in reflected light. generally imperforat e in post embryonic stage, but may have p se udopores ... " [see II. INTRODUCTION Loeblich and Tappan 1988 , p. 309] Evidentl y, thes e "ran domly oriented rod The lay ere d structure in the wa ll of like crystals" are the elements observed in Miliola wa s brought to my attention by the middle layer in the wall of Miliola and Earl Manning , then a graduate stud ent at its relatives an d the "surface l ayer of vari Loui siana State University, who was ously arranged tabular rhombohedral studying a foraminiferal assemblage from crystals " describes the outer layer in the the Pacific Oc ean. He recovere d an d ph o wall of Miliola . Tests with tabular crystals tographed a specim en of Miliola he identi in the outer layer of the wall do not exhibit did fied as "Qu inquelo culin a semi reticulosa a porcelaneous appearance. Why , then, Cushman" (Figur e 2). H is phot omicro Loeblich and Tappan describe the entire Herouard , gra ph revealed a three-fold wall structure , Suborder Miliolina Delage and magne the outer a thin layer of tabular calcit e 1896, as "Test of porcelaneous high with micro sco pic punctations that also sium calcite ..." ? descrip Im es t h e wa ll and bottom of the pits In their remarks following the Schwager , (Figures 3, 5) . Between the pits , the outer tion of the Family Hauerinida e (1988, p. 332) layer ca n be seen to overlie an uncon soli 1876, Loeblich and Tappan as a dated agg r egate of rodlike structures or state: "The Miliolidae are recognized 181 182 Tulane Stud ies in G eology and P aleontology Vol. 30
separate family, char ac teri zed by t h n ted ca lei t rods numerous perforations ly in g on the ca lcareous or p seudopore in imp r forat inn er w II of t the wall." Pseudopor he c hamber; base of es are defined (ibid .,, pits with p or s; p rt ur te p. 739) as rmin al with or with "Deep pit s in th e s ur fac of out tr e ma t op some h or on o rifi ce. Eoce ne to Miliolacea that do not compl t ly Holocene. penetrate the wall, as in Miliola; pun cta tions." These pseudopor es occur b etw n Fami ly M fLI L ID AE Ehrenberg, 1839 the pits; however, a t th e base o f the pit they penetrate th e wall, becomin g tru Em pores. ended Diagnosis: 11 t with chambers one half coil in I n This gt h dd d in on o r more numer writer con siders th e charact eri za ous tion of the Miliolid pl n e ; wall smo th, ribbed or with costae. ae b y Loeblich a nd Eo n to Tappan in their I lolo n (cf. Loeblich and Tappan, r emar ks on t h l 8, p. 352). Hauerinidae as both revealing a nd n ot - worthy. The most import ant visible fea ub fami ly MILi LINAE E hre nberg, 1839 ture of the entire famil y Miliolidae i s th pitted exterior wall of th e tests. This char Emend ed Di agnos is: T st wall smooth acteristic, with the thre e-fold lay er d , pits a lign d r r a nd omly di sposed, e lo structure of the wall, i s s uffi cient to ngate oval, pr l oculus follow d b y chambers restrict the Superfamil y Mili o one-half coil in lac a I ngth add d in diff ere Ehrenberg, 1839, to th e pitt ed nt p lanes . Eocene to wall gen era Holocene. (cf. L as. c~a~acterized by o bl ich and Ta ppan, 1988, p. the g enotype speci s 353). Miliolites saxorum Lama r ck 1 804 [= Miliola saxorum (Lamarck ), 1804). G nu M ILi LA La marck, 1804 Taxonomic Note: In 1986, Loeblic h an d Ty pe sp c i s: Miliolit Tappan restricted the genus D es s axorum Lamarck, entalin a to 1 04. those species with longitudin ally costate surface" _(quotedin 1988, p. 395) and erect- Em end ed Diag nosi ·: T . ed Laevidentalina for those species "very es t narrow and elon gate fusiform ; chamb e finely perforate" with "surfac e smooth and rs one-half coil in length, quinqu eloculin , wit h sep unornamented"t f (see 1988 p 396) ·11 arate floor; wall cal , · , 1 us- ca r ou , pitt ed, ra mg the wall of a specimen from th e thr ee-laye red _wit h a .~a_bu~,a; surf ace layer bearing pe Gulf of !Mexi~o,SEM X7000 (pl. 4 39, fig. rforatio ns or pits, middle layer of rando ml 2~ . This wnter decided to inv es ti gate y oriented calcite rods, an d an 1.nn. e l ' . " ·1· " urface of test w. ~ther additional homogeny in th e r inmg or cet ing; s M1hola~eaof the Gulf Coastal Plain would may have longitudin al costae or r ibs; apertur~ t er m in a l on appear if costate miliolid species were sep ultim a t e ch a mb er wit t rematoph o . d · gnosis of ;~ated from those with smooth surfac es re. [E mend a tion to 1a ~ rTesubltof this investigation Miliola by Loeblich a nd Tappan, 1988, P· 353.J ed m a le I. is present~ MI LIOLA SAXO RUM (Lamarck) III. SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTIONS Figur es 12-14 M 1 ANDEMENDATIONS iliolites saxo ru m LAMARCK, 1804, Anna es Mus. Hist. Nat., vol. 5, p. 352. D'OR- Superfamily MILIOLACEA Quinqu eloc ulin a saxo rum (Lamarck ). 301 Ehrenberg, 1839 BIGNY, 1826 , An n. Sci. Nat., vol. 7, P· ' no. 1, pl. 16, fig Emend s. 9-14. l935, ed Diagno . . Miliola saxorum (La wall with punctatio~:~· 11 marck). CUSHMAN . es~ free, coiled ; outer U. S . Ge 1 1 3 ulariy dispersed· o!. Surv ., Pro f. Pa per 181, P: 2.' pi~pi r:'pits Juxtaposed or irr eg- figs. 1- , sur ace of test s th · 3; BE RGQU IST, 1942, Missifs_s . or costate; proloculus foll mo~ , nbb 8 ed Geo\. S ur v., B ull. 49 , p. 25, I 2 ig . ' hers, two per vol t· owed by coiled cham- P · ' Lab u ion· wall of te t CUSHMAN and TODD , 1945, t h ree layers of cal 't ' s cons1 . . Cushman : stmg of Fora m. Res 83 lar calcite that c1 e: ~ tabular layer of granu- ., Contr ., vol. 21, pt . : , t eol'. conta1ns ANDER SE overlies a mass of] punct t' N , 19 84, Tul a ne Stu · . .AN- 1 a ions, whi ch p 1 5 figs 5-16, oose y stacked, randomly ori- aleont ., vol. 1 8, no. , P· ' · Paleont., DERSEN , 1988, Tulane Stud. G eo!. No. 3 Milio lacea a nd Hauerinacea 183
TABLE I
Wall and Chamber Arrangement of Pitted Miliolidae in the Gulf Coastal Plain
WALL GENUS AND SPECIES CHAMBERS Miliola alphillipsi Miliola chipolensis Quinqueloculine Mil iola newberryensis Miliola saxorum Quinqueloculine Hemirniliola jacksonensis to Planispiral SMOOTH Neaguites byramensis * Neaguites inusitatus * Planispiral Heteromiliola decorata **
Texina ferayi ***
BROAD Quinqueloculine Helentappanella punctatocostata Planisp RIBS to i ral Miliolacostata byramensis Miliolacostata jacksonensis Quinqueloc uli ne COSTATE Miliolacostata rolandi
Picouina mississippiensis Tri serial
* Pits juxtaposed. ** Outer wall #hite, granular calc it e . *** Pits not j uxtaposed.
M_vol. 21, no. 4, p. 130, figs. 17, 18. Remar ks: Th e distribution of the pit ilzola cf. M. saxorum (Lamarck ) ANDERSEN and the l ength-brea dth rati o of Miliola cf. 1988 , Tulane Stud . Geo!. Paleont. ., vol. 21, no.' M. s axorum , from th e Yazoo F ormation, 4, p. 132, fig. 19. are comp a r a bl e to the ch a r acteri tic Miliola saxorum from the Moodys Branch ~m end ed Diagno sis: Test larg e, e lon gat e, Formation . However, the act ual measure ~si'.orm ; chamb ers quinque loculine , num erous, ments of the former , 1.20 mm long and l 1stmct and pitt ed; wall thr ee-fold with surface 0.34 mm wide, ar e much malle r than the ayer consi sting of tabular , cal car eous p lates latte r, which is 2 .50 m m in length and bearing p erforati ons whi ch extend in to base of 0.69 mm in br ea dth . Both are mature pzts; middl e laye r consisting of a l oose aggregate specimens. Th e e nvironment are differ ertt, which could account for the mailer of calcite rods terminating at out er wall of pit s; apertur e a t end of a short n ec k wit h size of the Red B luff F ormation pecimen (see Environm ental Imp lication below trem atophor e. L ength 2.50 mm ; brea dth 0.69 ). mm. 184 Tulane Studi e in G ology and Paleonlolog) Vol. 30
MILIOLAALPHILLIP SI Anders n ocene, North Am rica. Figures 6, 7 Miliola alphillip si ANDERSEN, 198 , 'l'ulan nu s HEM IMILIOLAAn dersen, Stud. Geo!. Paleont., vol. 21, no. 4, p. 136, fig. n w g nu s 28. 'l'yp sp 'Ci s : M assi lina jacksonens is Cush man, 1927 . Emended Diagnosis : Test fr ee, pitt ed, quin queloculine chamber arrangem ent , lightl y Diagrwsis : Wa ll s m th , pitted ; quinquelocu more than twice as long as wide, tran v r c lin to planispirn l; p r at base of pits; aper tion broadly triangular with periph ry round d; tur on a short n c k with tremato phore; cham neck, which extends above penultimat e chamb er; b r round ,ctto ca rin te . with surface covered by closely spa ced costae randomly distribut ed at distal end ; pores pr - Hl , MIMII.1 01.A JA NEN cs (Cu sent in each shman) pit ; apertur e simpl e. L ngth f Figur 15-17 holotype: 0.49 mm; width 0.21 mm. M assi/inn jcrckso n en s i USH MAN, 1927, J ourn. Pa l onto logy, vol. I, p. 150, pl. 23, figs. Remarks : All known specimen of thi 5, ; S IIMAN , 1935 , U. S. Geo!. Surv., ~pecieswere recoveredfrom the typ local rof. Pnp r .I 1, p . 13 , pl. 3, figs. 7 -10; Ity of the Byram Formation( Oligoc n ). HM a nd T DD, 1945, Cus hman Lab. F r m. Res ., ontr. , vol. 21, pt. 4, p. MILIOLA 82, pl. CHIPOLENSI 13, fig. J 7. (Cushman and Ponton) Massilina cf. jackso nen sis, PURI , 1957, Figures 8, 9 Florida ol. urv. , Bull. 3 , p. 108, pl. 3, figs. 2a, b. Quinqueloculina chipol ens is CUSHMAN a nd Quinqu loculina tub erculata CUSHMAN and PONTON, 1932, Florida Geo!. Surv., Bull 9 T DD, 194", us hman Lab. Foram. Res. p. 45, figs. la, b, 2a, b, 3. · ' , ntr ., vol. 2 1, pt. 4, p. 81, pl. 13, figs. 11, 12. Miliola chipolensis (Cushm an a nd Ponton ) Tapp anella jacksonens is (Cushman ). ANDER ANDERSEN, 1988 , Tulan e Stud . Ge o!. EN , 1984, (non Tappanella Gudina and Paleont., vol. 21, no. 4, p. 132, figs. 22, 23. aidova , 1969), Tu lane St ud. Geo!. Paleont., Remarks: The description vol. 1 , no. 1, p. 12, figs. 30-33. of this specie Hetere was emended by Andersen in 1988. llina ja ck one nsis (Cushman) . ANDER EN , 198. , Tulane Stud . Geo!. Paleont ., vol. 21, no. 4 MJLJOLANEWBERRYSENSIS (P uri) , p. 138, fi~ 32. . Figures 10, 11 Qiunqu eloculin Em end ed Diagnosis : Test free, a new b . broadly oval or erryensis PURI 1957 elliptica l compre FfiloridaGeo!. Surv., Bull. sse d· chambers acute to shght- 38 p. 107' pl 3' ' ' · 1gs. 3a, b. ' ' · , ly round ed ultimate c hamber exten ding sIi g ht· ' . Miliola newb . ly beyond pe b . 1·t s randomly erryensis (Pu nultimate cham er, P ri ) ANDERSEN di tribut 1 1988, Tulane Stud. Geo!. ed over s mooth c ham ber wall; ,ear Y 4 Pale~nt. vol 21 no' . . , p. 134, fig. 26. ' · • · cha mb e rs qu111que loc ul111e , 1a t er chambers added a t 180 ° in a sing le plane ; apert ure on a Remarks· Th· . . short neck wit h trematophore. Length 1.4o mm; Crystal R . F Is species IS from th e brea dth 1.00 mm ; th ickness 0.20 mm. specimensI;:;ov::e~ation in Florid a. All faces; however r . have ~eathered sur R e · 15 and 17, in the middl' mark : Figure d specimens 8 i°dhke calcite str uctur es LSU Geoscience 1154 revealed withe Museum numbers h aye: of the test were and 11549 scope are from the Moodys Brkan~ examina/cannmg electron micro- ' J k p rk 10n. F or m ation in ac s on a ' Jaef sornilY ' Mi ssiss ippi . Four genera of the a at SubfamilyREMIMILIOLINAE And Miliolidae are present in abu n 3 2 4 5 Figures 1-5 I. "Qui nqueloculina tubercu lata Cushman and Todd" ,, ~ eathered specimen X 75 Cushman" 2 · Qumqueloculina semireticulosa Lateral view X 75 Cushman " 3· "Quinqueloculina semireticulosa 3750 ,. Section of wa ll showing layering X 4 Cushman and Todd" · Qumqueloculina tuberculata X 2500 "QVi_ewshowing rod -like elements in middle layer 5 semireticulosa Cushman " · umqueloculina X 3750 View identifying "pit" and "punctations" arrangement con i ting of coiled. jux taposed; chamber ~its j uxtaposed ; chambers planispirally er volution added at 1 0°; aper . two chambers p ocene and Oligocene, North America ture terminal , simple. Genu s NEAGUITES Andersen 1984 Remarks: Removal of the outer wall in by;amensis C Type species: Spiroloculina weathered specimens reveal the rodlike, er in the ushman, 1922. calcite elements of the middl,e la wall of the test (see nder en, 19 4 , sides flat al o t Emended Diagnosi s: Test elliptical Fi gure 40 ). Weat hered pecimen with pits ened to slightly concave ; wall pitted 186 Tulane tudi es in eo/ogy and Paleontology Vol. 30 reveal that pore s are pr ent in th b t- G nu s IIET 'R MILI LA, new genus tom of each pit. · Typl' s pt•cws: M ass ilina deco rata Cushman 22 . ' NEAGU!TES BYRAMEN I ( u hm an) Figures 18 , 19 DtaRtw sis : Test fr , flatt ned and elliptical; Spiroloculina byramens is U HMAN , l 22, pils rnnd oml dislrib ut d n the s urface oftest, S. Geo!. Surv., Prof. Pap er 1 29, p. 101, pl. 25, nol juxl11pm1 •d ; out r w II composed of white, figs. 4a, b. grnnu lar ·ulcil ; lwo ch a mbe rs per volution, Neaguites byram ensis (Cushm an). ANDER E , added nl 180 ; pr I ulu s r r ly visible on side 1984, Tulane Stud . Geol. Pal eont ., vol. 1 , no. of tc sl ; up •rlur' si mpl . 1, p. 15, figs. 39, 40; ANDER E , 1 , Tu lane Stud . Geo!. Pal eont ., vol. 21 , no. 4, p. RATA( Cushman) 138, fig. 33. 22-24 M assi/111c, cleco rata HMAN, 1922, U.S. Emended Diagnosis : Test compr d , llipli - , I. Surv ., Pr f. P p r 129-F, p. 143, pl. 34, cal to nearly round ; wall with pit s juxtap s d to lig.7 ;' , JIMAN,135,U. S. Geol.Surv., the extent that te st is almo t cove red with Pr f. Pop •r 18 1, p. ) 3, pl. 3, fig. 14. adjoining pits ; proloculu s and ear ly ch mb r piroloc11/111c,lamposa H EY, 1949, Journ. normally concealed ; periph ery round ed; ap r a l onlo log , vol. 23, no. 2, p. 121, pl. 26, ture simple at end of a short n ck. Figur d p . fig .. imen: length 9.55 mm; breadth 0.51 mm . aguite.s lamposu (H u y) . ANDERSEN, I 4, 'l\ alan tud . ol. Paleo nt ., vol. 18, P· NEAGU!TES INUSITATUSAnd er n 1 , figs. <11,42. Figur es 20, 21 EN N eagui t '-' cl coratu ( ushm an). ANDERS • Neaguites inusitatus ANDERSEN , 1984 , 1\ il n 19 , Tul a n lud . ol. Pa leont ., vol. 21• no. Stud. Geo!. Paleont ., vol. 18, no. 1, p. 15, figs. 37, 38. 1, p. I 3 , figs. 35-3 . . . D . . "T t much n g 111al ,ag ,wsis: s flattened,. O:iginal Diagnosis: "Test small, ellip tica l in llip lic a l or va l, lightl y longer th an wide, outh?e , twice as long as broad; flat , m ega lo - ha a l an d a p rtur I nd s proj ecting, the apekr· phenc form with visible prol oculus followed by tural nd n JI Jindrical nee , two cha~bers a rrow d to a s ma cy t· per vo\ution added in a sin gle . d . I xis of the tes n rl y in lh lon g 1tu ' plane, m1crosphen c form with ea rly c ha mbers 1na a d JI white· utur es ra lh r · d 1' t · t su1·face u ' at an angle to the pl ane of coi 111 in c ; db ling ; per iph ery p riph 'd ornamente Y round c ry round d , t h e s 1 es . ed to broadly acut e; apertur e e nd exte nds . . . fi I ·anular appear v ry fin pit s, givin g a ine Y gi " ~eyond the penultimat e chamb er, final cha mber ·11· ter or 1ess . a nce to th e t sl. Lengt h 1 mi ime /equently forming an eye let at th e ba se of the dded ( us h m a n , 1922 ). In 1935, Cushm:~ est by_not remaining in juxtapo sition with the atest a lh at th e fin ely gra nul ar surface gave e precedmg chamber ; chamber s with a frosted "ma ll ap pea rance. apptarance produced by its inten se ly pitt ed :ur ace wherein there are perforations· aper . . l d rata is not Remark s· H eteromilw a eco tlY a slight neck . Length of holot y;e 0.60 · u s presen = th 3 a dmi i b ·~~ le ' ead o. o mm." (Ander sen, 1984) to ~I?y _gen atisfiesthe a signed to the M1hohdae . It \ because Remarks · In th· . basic r qui re ment s of the fam~Y layers closely juxta oset sp_ec1es , the pit s_ are th e test wa ll is compo sed of ;;e Figure mensis. p as m Neaguit es byra - f9 and is pitt ed (see Andersen, -~taposed 36). How eve r, th e pi~s are n~~ J thus this Subfamily HETEROMILIOLINAE (And er se n , 1988 , Fi gure 3. 't he genus Andersen, new subfamily spec ies ca nnot b e pl a ced in Neaguites . d enera in Diagnosis: Wall smooth . All of the other s mooth-walle g n outer tion of three la d ' pitt ed; external por - yere wall - the Miliol acea a pp ea r to granular c d have :egenus calcite · h b ompose of whit e, test wall simil ar to the arrangement ' c am ers pl a · · I Holoc1 Manning E m spu a in Miliola America. . ocene and Oligocene , North , as demonstrated by Ea~'igures 22 (see Int ro du ction , above) . Int d that the and 23 (h erein ), it can be no e - No. 3 Miliola cea and Hauerinacea 187 outer layer of the wa ll of H eteromiliola spots appearing on outer wall between pit s are decorata consist s of interlocked, elongate, ends of calcite rods in middle layer of test; aper flat sheets of calcite with num erous perfo ture at end of a short neck, with trematophore . rations . The granular, outer wall of this Length ofholotype: 0.48 mm; breadth 0.45 mm. species, ther efore, is unique to the Miliolidae. In addition, the pits as seen on Remarks : A taxonomic mistake occurred weathered specimens a pp ear as "reel when the genus Texina was described in shaped" elem ents. Coccolith plates are 1984, four years before the discovery of commonly pr esent a mong the debris the three -fold arrangement of the calcite adhering to th e wall of th e test . in the walls of the Miliolacea. Loeblich Tests of Heteromi liola decorata, exam and Tappan (1988, p. 352-353 ) placed ined and analyzed with an X-ray diffrac Texina in synonymy with N eaguit es tion unit by Professor Ray E. Ferrell, Jr ., because the "possible inclusions in the Louisiana St ate Unive rsity, are composed wall of Texina" might be the "result of sec of calcite, n egating the possibility that ondary overgrowth due to diagenesis Heteromiliola is related to the porcela rather than an intrinsic part of the test neous Foram inife rida, which are com structure." These "possible inclusions ," posed of arago nite. This difference in com appearing as round, white spots on the position could ex plain the fact that the test wall, actually are the ends of calcite surfaces of all recov ered tests of this genus rods in the middle layer of the wall and , are strongly weathered. thus, are an intrinsic part of the structure of the test . These "spots" occur also in the Subfamil y TEXININAE Andersen , wall of Helentappan ella pun ctatocostata new subfamily (Cushman) fr om the Mood ys Bran ch Formation (see Figure 30), and Miliola Diagno sis: Wall pitted , but pits not juxta saxorum (Lamarck ) from Damery , Fr ance posed , planisp ira lly coiled, aperture terminal (see Figure 14 ). with trematopho re. Eocene , North America . Loeblich and Tappan , in their r emarks on the -genus Texina, state "Neaguites was Genus TEXINAAndersen, 1984 described as having a simple aperture and Texina as having a cribrate one. However, Type species: Texina ferayi Andersen , 1984. the last chamb er of the holotype is broke11, hence the apertural characters are not Em ended Diagnos is: Test free , pitted with shown in th e origina l figures. " (1988, p. apose d, sides flatten ed, peripher y pits not juxt 353). The first feature destro yed, when ed; wall three-layered with rods in middle round such a specim en is subjected to wear or layer exposed on the surface of the wall; weathering , commonl y is th e cribrat e plani spiralty coiled with two ch ambers per volu aperture. The holotype (Ander sen, 1984, tion; aperture with tr ematophore . fig. 43) was selected for th_e_w ell-?res erved chamber s. The paratype (ibid., Figur e 44), TEXINAFERAYI Andersen with a partially pres er ve d a pe~tur e, Figures 25 -27 reveals that Texina does have a cn brate Spiroloculina sm ith villensis FERAY, 1948, Dis aperture (see Figure 27 h erein). se rt a tion , University of Wisco nsin, 1948 [nomen nudum]. Subfamily HELENTAPPANELLINAE Tex ina ferayi ANDERSEN , 1984 , Tulane Andersen, new subfamily Stud. Geo!. Paleont., vol. 18, no. 1, p. 17, figs. 43-46. Diagnosis: Wall ribbed with pits on rib 8:'1d Neaguites ferayi (Andersen ). LOEBLICH and in valleys between ribs; early chambers qu~n TAPPAN , 1988, Foraminiferal Genera and queloculine, later added at 1 0°; aperture with Th eir Classi ficat ion: Van Nostrand Reinhold trematophore. Eocene, orth America. Co., Inc ., vol. 1, p. 352, pl. 360, figs. 12-15. Genus HELENTAPPANELLA Em ended Diagnosis : Test plani spiral , nearly Ander en 19 5 round in outline, compressed; apertur al end Type species: Massilina jack on.ensis Cu h near ly flush with periphery; pits randoml y dis man var. punctatoco tata Cu hman , 1933. trib ut ed over unornamented chamb ers ; white Tulane 188 Studi es in G eology and P aleont ology Vol. 30 Emended Diagno sis: Test free, tu pitted , ea rly re with tr emalophore at chambers quinqu elocu end of a s hort neck. lin e, later chamb ers Lengt h of figur ed spec added at 180°, ellipti imen: 2.95 mm ; breadth cal, compressed; p eriph ery 2.05 mm angular or rounded; . wall three-lay ered with broad , pitted ribs. Subfamil y MILI OL ACOSTA TINAE And er se n , new HELENTAPPANELLAPUNCTATOCOSTATA subfam ily (Cushman) Diagnosis: Wa ll pil Figures 28-30 led, costate; pit s aligned between acut e costac; ape Massilina jackson ensis rture s imple . Eocene Cushman var. punctato and Oli g costata CUSHMAN, 1933, ocene, North Am er ica. Cushman L ab . Foram. Res ., Contr., vol. 9, pt. 1, p . 3, figs. Genus MILIOLIA 5, 6. CO STATA, new Typ gen us Tappan e s pecies : Mili ola jac kson ella punctatocostata (Cushman). AN ensis Cushman , DERSEN, 1933. 1984, Tulane Stud. Geol. Paleont., vol. 18, no. 1, p. 12, figs. 26-29. He Diagnosis: Wall with l o lentappanella punctatoco stata ngitudina l costae, pits (Cushman). juxtapo sed in vall ANDERSEN , 1985, Micropaleontology, eys b etwee n costae; quinque vol. loculin e chamber arr 31, p. 67 [new name for Tappanella angement; tes t fu siform Andersen with base round ed; a non Gudina and Saidova, 1969. pertur e ter minal , simple, and e levat ed on a short n eck which ex tends Emended Diagnosis: above penultimate ch amb Test bro adly elliptical to er. nearly round, much compressed, periphery MILIOLACOSTATA JACKSONENS ranging from acute to slightly rounded depend IS (Cus hman) ing on position Figures 33 of pitted ribs relative to periph , 34 ery; apertural end extending slightly beyond Miliola jack sonensis CUSHMAN, 1933, Cush penultimat e man Lab. Foram. Res., Contr., vol. chamber; early chambers quinque 9, pt. 1, P· loculine , later 2, pl. 1, figs. 2 , 3; CUSHMAN, ones added at 180° in a single 1935, U. S. plane; surface ornamented with Geo!. Surv. , Prof. Paper 181 low, flat, , p. 13, pl. 3, figs. ribs oriented either parallel to wide 4-6; CUSHMAN and TODD long axis of , 1945, Cushma n chamber or cutting Lab. Foram. Res., Contr., vol. diagonally across chamber 21, pt. 4 , p. 83, sutures difficult pl. 13, fig . 13; BANDY to discern because of ribs; ape/ , 1949, Bull . Amer. Pa leontology, vol. 32 , no. 131, p. 22, pl. 2, figs. Figures 6-1 7 ·z· l M Subfamily MILIOLINAE Ehrenberg 1839 i io a alphillipsi Andersen 6. Lateral view X 50 ' 7. _Enlar gement of pits X 1000 Miliola chipolensis (Cu shma n and Ponton) 8. Lateral view X 75 9. Enlargement of pits X 1000 Miliola n ewberryensis (Puri) 10. Lateral view X 50 11. Enlargement of pits X 1000 Miliola saxorum (Lamarck) 12. Lateral view X 33 13. Enlargement of pits X 1000 14. Calcite rods from mi"ddl e ayerl o wallf exposed on surface of the test X 2000 H . ·z·l e . kSubfamily HEMIMILIOLINAE Andersen, new subfamily mimi io a Jae sonensis (Cushman 15. L ate ral view X 25 ) 16. Enl argement of pits X 1500 17. Lateral vi ew of carinate form X 25 No. 3 Miliolac ea and Hauerinacea 189 13 14 16 Figur es 6-1 7 190 Tulane tudies in eology and Paleontology Vol. 30 6a-c; ANDERSEN, 1984, Tulane tud . ol. Paleont., vol. 18, no. 1, p. 5, figs. 17-19 . MtLI OLACOSTATA R LANDI (An dersen) Miliola cf. M. jackson ensis FRANKLIN , 1944 , Figur s 35, 36 Journ . Paleontolo gy, vol. 18, pl. 45 , fig. 6; Miliola rolandi DER EN, ANDERSEN, 1988, 1984, Tulane Tul ane tud. ol. Lud. , •ol. Pal Paleont., nt. , vol. l , no. 1, p. 8, figs. vol. 21, no. 4, p. 134, fig. 25. 24, 25. Emended Diagn osis: Test large , elongate, Em end ed fusiform, Diagnosis: 'I) st small, costate, elon- quinqueloculin e chamber arrang e ga , a pproxim a ly 2.5 tim s as long ment; chambers numerous, distin as broad, ct, pit ted; base uinqu l oculin ; ba s of pits with one or mor round d , final chamber e pores; acute costa with xi nding uniformly abov p nultimate cham ber; periph spaced tran sverse ridges that sepa ry round d ; sing le row of pits in eac h valley rate juxtaposed pits between costae; ap rtur at between co.~tae wit h each pit occupyi end of a very short neck, cribrate . Length ng position 2.00 of space bP/ w •en pits mm; breadth 0.55 mm. in the adjacent va lley; a p rlur s impl , a l nd of a very s hort neck. L ngl h of figur d p cim n: 0.54 MILIOLACOSTATABYRAMEN SIS mm; breadth (Cushman) 0.20 mm. Figures 31, 32 Quinqueloculina byramensis CUSHMAN 1923 nu s I UINAAn U. S. Geo!. Surv., Prof dersen, 1984 . Paper 133, p. 54,pl. : Typ fig. 3. s pcci s: Triloculina mississip piensis u hm an, 1935. Miliola byramen sis (Cushm an). ANDER EN, 1984, Tulane Stud. Geo!. Paleont ., vol. 18, no. Ori 1, p. 8, figs. 20-22. ginal Di agnosis: "T st free, t riloculine chamb r a rran ge m nt · wall calcareo us perfo ral · chamb rs with a ~eries of pits with sing Emended Diagno sis: Test quinqu elocu lin le p rf~r a tion xt nding into the approximately twice as long as bro ad, final chamber; aper tur cribr at. ." (And chamber projecting slightly beyond p enul timate r en, 1984) chamber at both ends of test; wall with acute Pl UINA Ml I IPPIENSIS elevated costae longitudin ally disposed; pits (Cushman) forming a single Figures 37, 38 line in valley between costae ·1 1· . . . . with Trt ocu ina mis ·i . CUSHMAN 1935, eyelets in costae occupying space between ss ipptensis ' Cushman Lab. Foram. 11 pores; aperture simple, on a short neck. Length Res., Contr., vol. ' 0.3 mm to 0.4 mm. pt . 2, p. 25. . ANDER Picouina m.i ss issippi enst s (Cushman). Figures 18 -27 Neaguites b . ( Subfamil y NEAGUITIN AE Andersen yramensis Cushman ) , 1984 18. Lateral view X 113 19. Enlargement of pits X 1000 Neaguites inusitatus Andersen 20. Lateral view X 150 21. Enlargement of pits X 1000 Heteromiliola decorata (Cushm ) 22. Lateral view X 50 an 23. Enlargement of 11 h . " 24. Enlargement sh::ins owmg r~el-shap l'th X 1000 ed" structures and adheren~ cocco wall X 3750 g th e rodhke i ~ of test structures or crystals in the mid dle laye Texina ferayi Anders~~bfamily TEXININAE And ersen, new subfamily 25. Lateral view X 125 ~~- Enlargement of pits X 1000 . Apertural view of parat . . ype showmg r esidu al segment of cribrate aperture X 225 No. 3 Miliola cea and Hau erinacea 191 2 2 ~ ape rtur e Figur es 18-27 192 Tulane Studi es-in Geology and Pall'ontology Vol. 30 SEN, 1984, Tulan e Stud. Geo!. Paleont. , vol. 111ississiµp11•11sis u hm n, as described 18,no. 1, p. 14, figs.34,35. an d figured in 1935, ha a n "aperture sma ll , n •nrl c ircular, wit h a sli ght, Original Diagnosis: "Test elongate, ru iform , round d lip ." ur figur d pecimen of broadly rounded in end view, both nd s of Lh Pi couina mississippi n i (C ush chambers extending well beyond man ) Lh pr viou · xhibils a crib ra t p rture; thus, ones; chamb ers fairly distinct our , very longat. , sp cim n dot'H not agr with Cushman's semicircular in tran sverse section , p riph r y int rpr LaLion of' thi p ci broadly rounded ; sutures rather indi I.incl; wall ornamented with num erous, 10-12, longit.udinal IV. Nl~W PERF AMILY costae running th e ent ire length of Lh cham ber, with fine r ectan gular pit s in th groov s up rf a mil y I lAUERINA EAAnderse between the costae , of uniform n, size and r gul r n w up rfam ily position; aperture small , nearly circu lar, wit.h a slight, rounded lip. Length 0.60-0.65 mm ; Diagnosis: Wnll ca lc r ou , porce l bre adth 0.15 mm; thickne aneous in ss 0.12 mm ." r n cl d lighL; Lest. (Cushman, 1935 ) ·oil d, with two or more chamb rs p 'r volut.ion in varyi ng planes a bout Emend ed Diagno sis: "Test calcar ou , perfo Lh lon git.udinnl nx is, may become involute or rate , sma ll , elongate, triloculine ; p ri ph cry may uncoil ; some f rm s may have second~ry broadly rounded ; chambers fairly distinct , int.e pa rt.it.ions wit.hin I.he ch mb rs; aperture with rior simple, semicircular in transver sect.ion· Lrcmalophor or s impl . Up per Triass final chamber extending well beyond the p ic to nul'. l loloc ne. timat e chamb er, apertur al end point ed; wall ornamente d with num erous longitudi nal cosla e Remarks: The eme ndation of extending the entire length of the chamber, the up rfamily Milio lacea [see above; to very fine, circular, uniform sized pi ts in grooves includ e on ly tho forms with punctabons between costae; sutures indi stin ct due to the and por within the wall st ructure costate ornamentation ; aperture cr ibr ate." makes n ce sa ry th e s tablis hroent of a (Andersen, 1984) . Figur ed specim en: Length new sup erfami ly Lo acco mmodate 0.60-0.65 mm; breadth 0.15 mm ; thicknes s 0.15 those for~s mm. former ly in c lud ed in the Superfa mily Miliol ac a which have a calcareo us porce Rema rks: la neou s wall and lack perforat_io 1_1sor The holotype of Triloculina . por e . Thus, t h 1s d'1v1s1on . . w1·11 eh mmate Figures 28-38 H, l Subfamily HELENTAPPANELLIN e entappane~la AE And erse n new subfa mily punctato costata (Cushm an) ' 28· Later al Vlew X 25 29 · Apertural view X 100 30. Enlar gement of pits , showing pore s a t ba se of pit s X 1000 Miliolacostat ~ubfamily _MILIOLACOSTATINAE Andersen, new subfa 31 L ~ yramensis (Cushman ) mily · ateral Vlew X 150 3~. _Eyelets in costae X 500 ~3ilwLlacostat~jacksonensis (Cushman ) · ateral Vlew X 33 !\.~nlargement of costae and pits X 80 35iwLacostat~ rolandi (Andersen) · ateral Vlew X 50 36. Enlargement of pits X 1000 f;coAuinamississippiensis (Cushman) · pertural view X 300 38. Side view of aperture X 200 193 No. 3 Miliolacea and Hauerinacea 30 31 34 32 35 36 Figures 28-38 Tulane Studi es in G 194 eology and Pal eon tology Vol. 30 the anomalous dich otomy which h as ex i t major marin formatio ns within ed within the Superfamily Miliol acea inc ligoc n strata w re exa mined for the first "perfor at e miliolid s" we r Lh miliolid s pr nt : the Rosefield described. F rmation in Lou isiana and the Red·Biuff and Byram format ion in Mississip pi. The V. STRATIGRAPHI C OCCURREN E hi gh t con ntr tio n of miliolids in the I igoc n b d i from the G lendon With the exclusion of imperfor ate pore - Byra m out rop on th e right bank of the laneous Foraminiferid a from the Milioli P arl Riv r al Byr m , Mi i sippi. Genera dae, the geological range of the family in pr nt in c lud : Miliola, Neag uites , the marine deposit s of the Gulf Coa t al Het romiliola , Milio laco tata, an d Picou Plain is from the lower Claiborne [Eocen ] ina. to the Miocene strat a. None of the pitt d forms have been reported from th Mio ene S eries Holocene of the GulfofMexico . The known Th hip ola For mation in Flori da is the distribution of genera and specie s from you nge t form at ion in the Gulf Coas representative Gulf Coastal Plain tal forma P lain kn wn t,o contain a milioli d sp tions is shown in Table II. ecies. Th in g l p ci s present, Miliola chip olensi , i not only the younges t but Basal Claiborne Group al o th mo L tri king and different . The Weches Formation in Texa s and th Cane River Formation in Louisiana , both VI . ENVIRONM ENTAL IMPLICATIONS from the base of the Claiborne Group , are the oldest lithologic unita in th e Gulf Th e upp Coastal Plain known to r mar ine Lutetian outcrops in contain genera Franc e are t h type area from the ~amily for the Miliolidae Miliolidae . Texina ferayi and th b d Ander~en s from whic h the genotype 1s one of the miliolid species pre species, sent Mili ola axo rum , was described by m the Weches Form ation and Lam Heteromiliola arck in 1804. Sa mples co llected at the decorata (Cushm an) is the park of the National only miliolid species reported from th School of Agric1_1lture e at Grignon , Fr a nce, are Cane River Formation (see Table II). from a friable, sandy lim es ton e renowne d for the num bers of species present a Basal Ja ckson Group nd the preserva tion of th ese microfossi ls. Not only The Moodys Branch Form ation at the are the true Miliolid ae well represe ?ase of the Jackson Group [Eocene'S eries] nted b1_1tal~o th th e porcelan eous ge nera pr eviously mclu ~s e. ~e~t youngest lithologic unit bear~ - ed within th e mg_m1hohds and, in Mississippi, cont ains miliolids . ·t In th e Gulf Coas ~naJor_concentrations of miliolid species, tal Plain, the u~l equivalent to the Grigno ;cludmg forms from the genera Miliola n Lutetian be t' ~l_entappan thou gh not quit e as sa ndy, is th: .0 ella , H emi mili ola and r 1.: Miliolacos~ata. Peculiarly Group in Florida within whic h Milw a , however: th ere the dominant miliolid genus. aLre_n?ne m Moodys Branch ou tcro ps in It appea~ls oms1ana. that the pr eferre d enviro nment w h e re. nuly ioilids flouri sh ed, thus, is a relat~tc] 1 Upper Jackson and Ocala warm and shallow [inner nen _ ' Groups ,. l environ ~e U1_>perEocene Series consist extreme ly calcareous , near reeia 1 s of for ;~ ~~~ \n t~e J~ckson and Ocala groups. ment. . of the West of Florida , along are th osri uruts studied for thi the strike t in s report Jackson Group outcrops , the sediroen from t~e Ju ;ta and Yazoo formation s 1_ s Al a b ama and M1ss1. . . . b orne less ca and Alab ac son Group in Missi ss ippi ss1pp1 ec clay ama, and the Cryst I careou s with esse ntiall y only Ill:ar1 Y .dent Formation in Florid Th R' . . _a Iver deposits pres ent in Louisiana. _I~ is e; the ered from th £ a. . e mihohds recov ese ormations that at the time of depos1ti~n. . · are fro th ' . · Miss1ss1pp1, genera Miliola and Heteromiliold. m e Moodys Branch Formation m eous the waters were not sufficiently calcar ·tes Oligocene Series to accommodate the presence of Neagu~nd Het eromi l iola, Miliolacostata, erinacea 195 No. 3 Miliolacea and Hau TABLE II ·n the G Miliol idae Gene ra and Speci·es 1 ulf Coastal Plain OLIGOCENE r,:i EOCENE z r,:i CJ 0 E E .... r,.. r,.. ~ E ,t: i.. r,.. u a, E E D SPECIES r,.. r,.. GENERA AN s: > E i.. ., .... - r,. E a, I-< c:i: 'C .... r,. Ill ..; .... E > s ..; a, ::I r,. ., .... r,. ..; ..; Ill c:i: Ill ., .... >, ..., .... Ill E 0 a, 0 a, ., a. ,t: a, 'C 0 Ill >, Ill 'C I-< .... u s: 0 N a, >, a, ., 0 ., i.. 0 .c: c:i: ~ Ill CJ ~ CJ :I: >- CJ Mil i ola alphill ipsi • ? II chip o le nsis • II newber r yensis • II sax orum • • Hemi:niliola jacksonensis • Neagui tes byramensis • II inusitatus • Hetero rnili ol a decorata • • • • • Texina fera yi • Helen tapp anella punctatocostata • Milio lide s byrarnensis • " jac ksonensis • " rol and i • Picou in a rnissis s ipp i ensis • I wish to thank the following for their based upon . Pic?uina. Th ese four genera, contributions: Dr. Jos eph Haz el and Dr pelagic genera , are siana their association with Gary Byerl y, Chairmen of th e Loui outer ner tment, adapted to life in the middle to State Universit y Geoscience Depar that the Moodys g elec itic zones. It is curious for providing the us e of a scannin -in Louisiana lacks mili van and Branch Formation tron micro scope; Kasana Pipakpai lithologies of the ent s, for olid species though the Emil Platon , LSU gr adu ate st ud Louisiana pho Moodys Branch Formation in operatin g the SEM and pr ocessing . ; Al vin and Mississippi are essentially the same t omicr og r a ph s fo r t h is pa per cropa· Phillip s, Jr ., Curator of t he LSU rni VII. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 196 Tulane Stu dies in Geology and Paleontology Vol. 30 leontology collections , for preparin g s peci CUSHMAN, mens for the SEM; Dr. Ray E J . A ., 1935, New sp ecies of . Ferr ell, J r., Foram inifera from LSU Geoscience Department the Lower O ligocene of , for an X-r ay Miss iss ippi: diffraction analysis of Cu s hm an La b. Fo r a m . Res., Heteromiliola deco Contr. rata tests to ascertain their chemi , vol. 11, pt . 2, p. 25-38, figs. 1-12. cal com CUS HMAN , J . position; Edward B . Picou, Jr. A., 1935, U ppe r Eoce ne of the , microp ale sout heas te ontological consultant, who r rn Un ited States : Uni te d St ates ea d a nd Geo\. Surv delivered the manuscript to Tul ., Prof . Pap er 181, p. 1-6 0, pis. 1- a n e 23. University ; and , Drs. Emily H . Vokes a nd CUS HM AN , Hubert C . Skinner, Editor J. A. , and M. R . TODD , 1945 , s of thi s journ al, Fo r a mi for considering this articl n ife ra of t h e type loca lit y o f the e import ant Mood enough to be published in their s ys Mar l Member of the Jac kson Forma eries. t ion o f Mi ss iss ipp i: Cushma n La b. Foram. Res., Con VIII. REFERENCES CITED tr. , vol. 21, pt . 4, p. 79-105, pis. 13- 16. ANDERSEN LOEBLICH, A. R. , JR. , and HELE , H. V., 1984, The w all structu re o f N TAPPAN, Superfamily Miliolacea 1986. So me new a nd r evised gen and it s lineage in the era and fam Gulf Co ili es of h ya lin e ca lcareous astal Plain: Tul ane Stud . Geo!. P Fora mini ferida ale (Protozoa): Tr a ont., vol. 18, no. 1, p. 1-19, 45 figs. n s. American Micros copical ANDERSEN Society, v. 105, p. 239-265. , H. V., 1988, Gulf C oastal Pl ain pitted Mili LOEBLICH, A. R., J R., and HE olacea a nd r elated species in LEN TAPPAN , Grignon 1988, Foramin iferal genera and D amery, Fr ance: Tulane Stud. and th eir classifi ca ti on . Van N Geo!. Pal eont ., vol. 21, no . 4, p. 121-142 ostran d Rein h old Company , fi , 42 Inc. : vol. 1 gs. , p. 1-970; vol. 2, p. 1-847 [plat es]. December 30, 1997