AHIS331 Prehistory to Pompeii: Introduction to Italian Archaeology 3 Credit Points

Unit Guide Semester 2, 2011

Department of Ancient History http://learn.mq.edu.au GENERAL INFORMATION Convenor and teaching staff Position: Convenor Name: Dr Peter Keegan Email: [email protected] Phone: +61 2 9850 8819 Office: W6A512

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- 2 - ACADEMIC CONTENTS Prerequisite 30cp or (6cp in AHIS or AHST units at 200 level) Co-badged status AHIS231 Unit Description This unit examines Italian archaeology from the Late Bronze Age until the early Imperial period. Topics selected for particular attention include the Villanovan phase; early Rome; the Etruscan civilization; the early Greek settlements in Italy; the interactions of Etruscans, Greeks, and Phoenicians; the impact of Greek and Roman culture on the indigenous peoples of the Italian peninsula, and the archaeology of Pompeii from prehistorical times until its burial in AD 79. Unit Outcomes By the end of this unit, we hope that you will be able to:

1. Find, analyse and interpret primary and secondary sources and present the information in a written format; 2. Work with and respond to the views of staff and other students in the unit in an oral form; 3. Actively participate in group discussion; 4. Plan and revise work according to the unit schedule; 5. Analyse and express your judgement about archaeological methods and techniques in an oral and written form; 6. Appreciate how historical information (in the broadest sense) may be extracted from ancient remains; 7. Understand the importance of proper formulation of aims and show knowledge of the modern techniques used to recover information; 8. Understand the place of archaeological study (including museums) in our own society; 9. Interpret archaeological evidence with appreciation and understanding (in AHIS units at 300 level) Graduate capabilities

1. Discipline Specific Knowledge and Skills

Our graduates will take with them the intellectual development, depth and breadth of knowledge, scholarly understanding, and specific subject content in their chosen fields to make them competent and confident in their subject or profession. They will be able to demonstrate, where relevant, professional technical competence and meet professional standards. They will be able to articulate the structure of knowledge of their discipline, be able to adapt discipline-specific knowledge to novel situations, and be able to contribute from their discipline to inter-disciplinary solutions to problems.

2. Critical, Analytical and Integrative Thinking

We want our graduates to be capable of reasoning, questioning and analysing, and to integrate and synthesise learning and knowledge from a range of sources and environments; to be able

- 3 - to critique constraints, assumptions and limitations; to be able to think independently and systemically in relation to scholarly activity, in the workplace, and in the world. We want them to have a level of scientific and information technology literacy.

3. Problem Solving and Research Capability

Our graduates should be capable of researching; of analysing, and interpreting and assessing data and information in various forms; of drawing connections across fields of knowledge; and they should be able to relate their knowledge to complex situations at work or in the world, in order to diagnose and solve problems. We want them to have the confidence to take the initiative in doing so, within an awareness of their own limitations.

4. Creative and Innovative

Our graduates will also be capable of creative thinking and of creating knowledge. They will be imaginative and open to experience and capable of innovation at work and in the community. We want them to be engaged in applying their critical, creative thinking.

5. Effective Communication

We want to develop in our students the ability to communicate and convey their views in forms effective with different audiences. We want our graduates to take with them the capability to read, listen, question, gather and evaluate information resources in a variety of formats, assess, write clearly, speak effectively, and to use visual communication and communication technologies as appropriate.

6. Engaged and Ethical Local and Global citizens

As local citizens our graduates will be aware of indigenous perspectives and of the nation's historical context. They will be engaged with the challenges of contemporary society and with knowledge and ideas. We want our graduates to have respect for diversity, to be open-minded, sensitive to others and inclusive, and to be open to other cultures and perspectives: they should have a level of cultural literacy. Our graduates should be aware of disadvantage and social justice, and be willing to participate to help create a wiser and better society.

7. Socially and Environmentally Active and Responsible

We want our graduates to be aware of and have respect for self and others; to be able to work with others as a leader and a team player; to have a sense of connectedness with others and country; and to have a sense of mutual obligation. Our graduates should be informed and active participants in moving society towards sustainability.

8. Capable of Professional and Personal Judgement and Initiative

We want our graduates to have emotional intelligence and sound interpersonal skills and to demonstrate discernment and common sense in their professional and personal judgement. They will exercise initiative as needed. They will be capable of risk assessment, and be able to handle ambiguity and complexity, enabling them to be adaptable in diverse and changing environments.

- 4 - 9. Commitment to Continuous Learning

Our graduates will have enquiring minds and a literate curiosity which will lead them to pursue knowledge for its own sake. They will continue to pursue learning in their careers and as they participate in the world. They will be capable of reflecting on their experiences and relationships with others and the environment, learning from them, and growing - personally, professionally and socially. Student Workload

Activity: Teaching Week: Student Weeks: Per Semester: Per Week:

Lecture 2 11 1.47 Tutorial 1 10 0.67 Participation Tutorial 2 10 1.33 Worksheet Essay 3.5 10 2.33 Private Study 2 12 1.60 Examination 2 12 1.60 Total: 9.00

- 5 - ASSESSMENT IN THIS UNIT

Assessment at a glance

Task: Weight: Due Date: Linked Unit Linked Brief Outcomes: Graduate Description: Capabilities: Participation 5% Every tutorial 2, 3, 5 1, 4, 5, 6, Discussion based on tutorial questions; see below for details Report 5% Every tutorial 1,2,3,4,5 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, Written report based on tutorial questions; see below for details Worksheet 10% Every tutorial 1, 4, 6, 7, 8 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, Worksheet based on tutorial exercise; see below for details Essay 40% Week 8 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, Written 9 assignment based on individual research study; see below for details Examination 40% End of 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 2, 3, 4, 5, 2-hour exam in Semester 2 9 three sections; exam period see below for details

Assessment Tasks Participation (5%) Participation refers to much more than simply being in attendance. In order to receive full marks for participation, students must consistently demonstrate their commitment to the course by being punctual and well-prepared for all classes, and completing any required homework.

Participation marks are also gained through active involvement during the lesson, demonstrated by asking and answering questions, participating constructively in pair or group work as required, and showing consideration for their fellow classmates and lecturer by behaving in a considerate and mature manner.

Report (5%) AHIS331 students will submit a brief report based on the questions set for discussion in tutorials 1-4. This report will consist of direct written responses to each question. The word limit for each

- 6 - report is 750 words.

Tutorial Discussion 1: Mycenaean Pottery

Read: Vagnetti, L., 'Mycenaean pottery in the Central Mediterranean: imports and local production in their context', in Crielaard, J. ed., The Complex Past of Pottery. Production, Circulation and Consumption of Mycenaean and Greek Pottery (1999), 137-61 (a copy of the article is available on eReserve).

Answer the following questions: 1. Why and how has Mycenaean pottery been used as evidence for trade and exchange between the Aegean and the Central Mediterranean? What has been the most recent contribution to this work and why is it significant? 2. Outline the diverse nature of the evidence for Mycenaean pottery in the Central Mediterranean. 3. What are the reasons Vagnetti discusses Broglio di Trebisacce in detail? What information does the site provide that there was a relationship with the Aegean? What desirable feature does it NOT provide? 4. What conclusions does Vagnetti draw about links between the Aegean and the Central Mediterranean as a result of the study of Broglio di Trebisacce and other sites with similar evidence?

Tutorial Discussion 2: Etruscan Tomb Painting

Read: R. Leighton, 'House Urns and Etruscan Tomb Painting: Tradition versus Innovation in the ninth-seventh centuries BC', Oxford Journal of Archaeology 24 (1995), 363-80 (a copy of the article is available on eReserve).

Answer the following questions: 1. What attitude towards Italian Iron Age archaeology is Leighton seeking to combat in studying connections between hut urns and tomb paintings? What view does he wish to promote? 2. What arguments against his viewpoint does he anticipate? How does he respond to each of them? 3. List the similarities and differences between hut urns and Etruscan painted tombs to which Leighton points. 4. Describe Leighton's conclusions, especially how he explains the decline of Villanovan geometric motifs and the new prominence of exotic motifs in Etruscan tomb painting.

Tutorial Discussion 3: Greek Colonization

Read: J-P Morel, 'Greek Colonization in Italy and in the West', in T. Hackens et al. eds, Crossroads of the Mediterranean (1984), 123-61 (a copy of the article is available on eReserve).

Answer the following questions: 1. What are the issues which Morel sees as the major ones in the research area of Greek colonization? What are those he feels are becoming less important?

- 7 - 2. What does Morel think necropolises contribute towards understanding social and economic aspects of the colonies and their neighbours? What difficulties does he see in interpreting the funerary evidence? 3. What role does Morel see for native women in the acculturation of Greeks and natives? On what evidence does he base his arguments? 4. What topics are included by Morel as marginal aspects in the study of Greek colonization, and why?

Tutorial Discussion: South Italian Pottery

Read: A. Hughes, 'Comedy in Paestan Vase Painting', Oxford Journal of Archaeology 22 (2003), 281-301 (a copy of the article is available on eReserve).

Answer the following questions: 1. Where are the workshops that produced the vases discussed by Hughes? Who are identified as the chief potters and painters? When were they working? 2. Define the common theme which links the vases under discussion. What features of the decoration illustrate this theme most clearly? 3. What types of stage structure and scenic backdrop are shown on the Paestan vases? What differences are there from vases painted in Sicily? 4. Why does Hughes argue that Asteas drew on his own experience in painting theatre scenes?

Tutorial Discussion 5: Pompeii in the Roman Period (not assessed)

Read: A.E. Cooley, 'The Survival of Oscan in Roman Pompeii', in A. Cooley - A. Burnett, Becoming Roman, Writing Latin (2002), 77-86 (a copy of the article is available on eReserve).

Answer the following questions: 1. What does Cooley see as the potential value of studying the diverse written evidence in Oscan for a historical study of Pompeii? 2. In what formats and what locations have Oscan inscriptions been discovered at Pompeii? 3. What is hypothesised about the nature of the relationship between Roman colonists and local Pompeians from architectural changes at Pompeii and from the writing of Cicero? 4. What does Cooley's research show about the attitudes of the Roman colonists to the language of the Oscan citizens of Pompeii?

Worksheet (10%) Each Museum Artefact Worksheet must be presented in the tutorial hour as indicated below. It must be deemed to demonstrate that a serious and sustained effort was made to complete the task set. In addition, work which is illegible; which is not presented on time; or which is not completed in conjunction with its paired tutorial discussion will be ineligible for the 5% assessment for that segment of tutorial work.

Worksheet 1: Mycenaean Pottery SECTION A: Visit the Library Display and view the Museum of Ancient Cultures vessel labelled MU3809.

- 8 - 1. Fill in the following information according to the label with the vessel: a) Vessel Shape: b) Relative Date: c) Date in Years: d) Name of Region/Fabric/Decorative style of the vessel: 2. On the next page, provide your own sketch drawing of the vessel. SECTION B: Visit the library and study P. A. Mountjoy, Mycenaean Pottery. An Introduction (2001) then supply the following information: 1. Full reference to text and illustration of the closest parallel/s to the vessel in the Museum: 2. Vessel Shape: 3. Relative Date: 4. Date in Years: 5. Name of Region/Fabric/Decorative style of the vessel: 6. Function of Vessel 7. Explain the reason for your choice of parallel/s. 8. Provide your own sketch drawing of the vessel you have identified as the closest parallel.

Worksheet 2: Etruscan Pottery SECTION A: Visit the Library Display and view the Museum of Ancient Cultures Etruscan vessel labelled MU3636. 1. Fill in the following information according to the label with the vessel: a) Vessel Shape: b) Date in Years: c) Name of Region/Fabric/Decorative style of the vessel: 2. On the next page , provide your own sketch drawing of the vessel. SECTION B: Visit the library and study T. Rasmussen, Bucchero Pottery from South Etruria (1979) and supply the following information: 1. Full reference to text and illustration of the closest parallel/s to the vessel in the Museum: 2. Vessel Shape: 3. Relative Date: 4. Date in Years: 5. Name of Region/Fabric/Decorative style of the vessel: 6. Function of Vessel 7. Explain the reason for your choice of parallel/s. 8. Provide your own sketch drawing of the vessel you have identified as the closest parallel.

Worksheet 3: Corinthian Pottery SECTION A: Visit the Library Display and view the Museum of Ancient Cultures vessel labelled MU3289. 1. Fill in the following information according to the label with the vessel: a) Vessel Shape: b) Relative Date: c) Date in Years: d) Name of Region/Fabric/Decorative style of the vessel: 2. Provide your own sketch drawing of the vessel. SECTION B: Visit the library and study H. Payne, Necrocorinthia (1971) and supply the following information: 1. Full reference to text and illustration of the closest parallel/s to the vessel in the Museum:

- 9 - 2. Vessel Shape: 3. Relative Date: 4. Date in Years: 5. Name of Region/Fabric/Decorative style of the vessel: 6. Function of Vessel 7. Explain the reason for your choice of parallel/s. 8. Provide your own sketch drawing of the vessel you have identified as the closest parallel.

Worksheet 4: South Italian Red-figure Pottery SECTION A: Visit the Library Display and view the Museum of Ancient Cultures vessel labelled MU3723. 1. Fill in the following information according to the label: a) Shape: b) Relative Date: c) Date in Years: d) Name of Region/Fabric/Decorative style: 2. Povide your own sketch drawing of the object. SECTION B: Visit the library and study A.D. Trendall, Red Figure Vases of South Italy and Sicily (1989) and supply the following information: 1. Full reference to text and illustration of the closest parallel/s to the object in the Museum: 2. Shape: 3. Relative Date 4. Date in Years: 5. Name of Region/Fabric/Decorative style: 6. Function of the vessel of which the museum object is a part 7. Explain the reason for your choice of parallel/s. 8. Provide your own sketch drawing of the parallel you have identified as the closest.

ESSAY (40%) Date due: Week 8 (Friday, 4.00 p.m., 2011)* Length: Undergraduate level: 2,000 words. Please be sure to write the ACTUAL length of your essay on the cover page. (*Extensions will be negotiated if relevant circumstances make the above deadline particularly difficult. However all essays for assessment must be completed and submitted before Monday, 10.00 a.m., Week 12.)

AHIS331 students will identify a subject of personal and/or academic interest within the historical, archaeological, and cultural limits of this unit and design an essay topic based on that subject. This topic will be submitted to the convenor for approval by no later than Friday of Week 3.

Selection of an essay topic should be based closely on the lecture and tutorial outlines provided in this unit guide. It should also be linked to one (or possibly more) of the theoretical and/or methodological approaches presented in Lectures 1 and 2 of the unit. Please feel free to discuss subject selection with your convenor prior to submission of the proposed essay topic.

A list of exemplary essay topics (with bibliographies) is provided.

Criteria for assessment of essays

- 10 - - structure in the essay and in the organisation of your material and argumentation; - depth in the explanation and development of topics treated together with a primarily archaeological focus; - evidence of reading in literature set for the topics, including by detailed footnote documentation; - presentation, including a text which reads fluently and coherently, good spelling and grammar; numbered pages; - correctly formulated footnote referencing and final Reference List.

Guidance on the presentation of your essay Your work is expected to be a formal written presentation with footnotes in traditional style. If you require guidance for this, you should refer to David Lovell, Macquarie Student Writer's Friend (2001) which is in Reserve at PE1478.L68. (For a description of traditional footnoting practice see pp. 101-103.)

Final checks to be made before submitting your essay - that all the pages are numbered; - that you have written the actual word-length of your essay on the coversheet; - that you have attached a scanned, signed copy of the Faculty of Arts' essay coversheet after having read the information on the reverse side. Your signature is essential to verify that it is entirely your own work. The University defines plagiarism in its rules: Plagiarism involves using the work of another person and presenting it as one's own and it carries significant penalties. Information about plagiarism can be found in the Handbook of Undergraduate Studies and at: http//www.student.mq.edu.au/plagiarism/.

Submission of your essay Upload your essay to the Blackboard Unit Assignment Dropbox. Make sure to always have a copy of your assignment to produce if requested.

ESSAY TOPICS [NB These topics are indicative only] Use the following questions as a model for your individual research study. You will see that the questions are broad and it will be acceptable for you to base your study on particular aspects of interest to yourself within your chosen topic. If you do so, make sure that the perspective you select does provide an answer to the question you design and that it is not of superficial interest or marginal relevance.

Whatever way you approach your essay question, be sure to define the nature and boundaries of the essay's focus in your Introduction, set out how you will present your argument in the body of the essay, and also explain how you will demonstrate the relevance of your material to the essay question.

The Bibliographies listed below each topic should be your primary means of identifying the preferred depth and breadth in investigating your question in the first instance. However, you can, if you wish, extend your reading to other works using those listed in the weekly Study Guides.

1. What is the nature of the archaeological evidence for a 'princely' aristocracy in central

- 11 - Italy during the ninth - seventh centuries BC? What are the social and economic implications of its existence?

Select Bibliography Barker G. -Rasmussen, T., The Etruscans (1998) Bartolini, G., 'Populonia: Characteristic Features of a Port Community in Italy during the First Iron Age', in E. Herring et al., Papers of the Fourth Conference of Italian Archaeology: The Archaeology of Power, Pt 2 (1991), 101-16 Boitani, F. et al., Etruscan Cities (1975) Briggs, D.N., 'Metals, Salt, and Slaves: Economic Links Between Gaul and Italy from the Eighth to the Late Sixth Centuries BC', Oxford Journal of Archaeology 22 (2003), 243-59 (electronic journal) D'Agostino, B., 'Military Organisation and Social Structure in Archaic Etruria', in Murray, O. - Price, S. eds, The Greek City from Homer to Alexander (1990), 59-82 Dietler, M., 'Rituals of Commensality and the Politics of State Formation in the "Princely" Societies of Early Iron Age Europe', in Ruby, P. ed., Les princes de la protohistoire et l'emergence de l'Etat (1999), 135-52 Giardino, C. et al., 'Power and the Individual in Funerary Ideology: the Emergence of the Aristocracy in the Villanovan Period in the Bologna Region', in E. Herring et al., Papers of the Fourth Conference of Italian Archaeology vol. 2 (1991), 9-19 Haynes, S., Etruscan Civilization: A Cultural History (2000) Holloway, R.R., The Archaeology of Early Rome and Latium (1994) Naso, A., 'The Etruscan Aristocracy in the Orientalizing Period: Culture, Economy and Relations', in M. Torelli ed., The Etruscans (2001), 111-29 Nijboer, A.J., 'The Role of Craftsmen in the Urbanization Process of Central Italy (8th to 6th Centuries BC), in Andersen, H.D. ed., Urbanization in the Mediterranean in the 9th to 6th centuries BC (1997), 383-406 Peroni, R., 'From Bronze Age to Iron Age: Economic, Historical and Social Considerations', in D. - F. Ridgway eds, Italy before the Romans: the Iron Age, Orientalizing and Etruscan Periods (1979), 7-30 Potter, T.W., 'Power, Politics and Territory in Southern Etruria', in in E. Herring et al., Papers of the Fourth Conference of Italian Archaeology vol. 2 (1991), 174-84 Rathje, A., ' "Princesses" in Etruria and Latium Vetus', in Ridgway, D. ed., Ancient Italy in its Mediterranean Setting: Studies in Honour of Ellen Macnamara (2000), 295-300 Rathje, A., 'Banquet and Ideology: Some New Considerations About Banqueting at Poggio Civitate', in De Puma, R.D. - Small, J.P., Murlo and the Etruscans. Art and Society in Ancient Etruria (1994), 95-99 Rathje, A., 'Oriental Imports in Etruria in the Eighth and Seventh Centuries BC: Their Origins and Implications', in D. - F. Ridgway eds, Italy before the Romans: the Iron Age, Orientalizing and Etruscan Periods (1979), 145-83 Rathje, A., 'The Adoption of the Homeric Banquet in Central Italy in the Orientalizing Period', in O. Murray ed., Sympotica (1990), 297-88 Whitehouse, R.D., 'From Secret Society to State Religion: Ritual and Social Organisation in Prehistoric and Protohistoric Italy', in N. Christie ed., Settlement and Economy in Italy 1500- BC - AD 1500 (1995), 83-88

- 12 - 2. In what ways is the expansion of Roman culture detectable archaeologically within the cities and landscape of Etruria and Campania?

Select Bibliography Barker, G. - Rasmussen, T., The Etruscans (2000) Cimbi, F., 'Demography and Romanization in Central Italy', in J. Bintliff - K. Sbonias eds, Reconstructing Past Population Trends in Mediterranean Europe (3000 BC - AD 1800) (1991), 115-27 Cooley, A., 'The Survival of Oscan in Roman Pompeii', A. Cooley - A. Burnett eds, Becoming Roman, Writing Latin, Journal of Roman Archaeology Supplement 48 (2002), 77-86 Fentress, E. ed., Romanization and the City (1998) Grahame, M., 'Material Culture and Roman Identity. The Spatial Layout of Pompeian Houses and the Problem of Ethnicity', in R. Laurence - J. Berry eds, Cultural Identity in the Roman Empire (1998), 156-78 Harris, W.V., Rome in Etruria and Umbria (1971) Haynes, S., Etruscan Civilization: A Cultural History (2000) Jones, R. - Robinson, D. 'Water, Wealth, and Social Status at Pompeii: The House of the Vestals in the First Century', American Journal of Archaeology 109 (2005), 695-710 Jones, R. -Robinson, D., 'The Making of an Elite House: the House of the Vestals at Pompeii', Journal of Roman Archaeology 17 (2004), 107-30 Laurence, R., Roman Pompeii: Space and Society (1994) Ling, R. Pompeii: History, Life and Afterlife (2005) Lomas, K. 'Local Identity and Cultural Imperialism: Epigraphy and the Diffusion of Romanisation in Italy', in E. Herring et al., Papers of the Fourth Conference of Italian Archaeology vol. 2 (1991), 231-39 Lomas, K., Rome and the Western Greeks 350 BC-AD 200: Conquest and Acculturation in Southern Italy (1993), 161-87 Owens, E.J., The City in the Greek and Roman World (1991) Pedley, J., Paestum (1990) Potter, T.W., 'Population Hiatus and Continuity: The Case of the South Etruria Survey', H.McK. Blake et al., Papers in Italian Archaeology, Part i (1978), 99-116 Terrenato, N., 'Tam firmum municipium. The Romanization of Volaterrae', Journal of Roman Studies 88 (1998), 94-114 Terrenato, N - Ammerman, A.J., 'Visibility and Site Recovery in the Cecina Valley Survey, Italy', Journal of Field Archaeology 23 (1996), 91-109 (electronic journal) Torelli, M., Tota Italia. Essays in the cultural Formation of Roman Italy (1999), 43-88

3. What features of Greek sacred architecture in the West, as evidenced in the sanctuaries at Selinus (Selinunte) and Acragas (Agrigento) during the sixth-fifth centuries BC, make it different from contemporary sanctuaries on the Greek mainland? What factors influenced the differences in architecture and layout?

Select Bibliography Boardman, J., The Art and Architecture of Ancient Greece (1967) Cerchiai, L. et al., The Greek Cities of Magna Graecia and Sicily (2004) Coulton, J.J., Greek Architects at Work: Problems of Structure and Design (1977) Greco, E., 'Sanctuaries of Magna Graecia and Sicily' in Bennett, M. et al., Magna Graecia.

- 13 - Greek Art from South Italy and Sicily (2002), 98-119 De Miro, E., 'Greek Sculpture in Sicily in the Classical Period' in Carratelli, G.P. ed., The Western Greeks (1996), 413-20 Di Vita, 'Urban Planning in Ancient Sicily', in Carratelli, G.P. ed., The Western Greeks (1996), 263-308 Lawrence, A.W., Greek Architecture (1973) Marinatos, N. - Hägg, R., Greek Sanctuaries: New Approaches (1993) Mertens, D., 'Greek Architecture in the West', in Carratelli, G.P. ed., The Western Greeks (1996), 315-46 Mertens, D., 'Some Principal Features of West Greek Colonial Architecture', in J.P. Descoeudres ed., Greek Colonists and Native Populations (1990), 371-83 Miles, M., 'Interior Staircases in Western Greek Temples', Memoirs of the American Academy in Rome 43/44 (1998/99), 1-26 Pedley, J., Paestum (1990) Pedley, J., Sanctuaries and the Sacred in the Ancient Greek World (2005) Picon, C.A., 'Sculptural Styles of Magna Graecia', in Bennett, M. et al., Magna Graecia. Greek Art from South Italy and Sicily (2002), 68-81 Rizza, G., 'Siceliot Sculpture in the Archaic Period', in Carratelli, G.P. ed., The Western Greeks (1996), 399-412 Scully, V.J., The Earth, the Temple and the Gods: Greek Sacred Architecture (1962) Tomlinson, R., Greek and Roman Architecture (1995) Tomlinson, R., Greek Sanctuaries (1976) Wright, G.R.H., Ancient Building Technology vols 1-2 (2000)

4. How typical is the history and development of Megara Hyblaea during the 8th-5th centuries BC of other Greek settlements established in Sicily and southern Italy?

Select Bibliography Boardman, J., The Greeks Overseas. Their Early Colonies and Trade (4th ed. 1999) Brauer, G.C., Taras. Its History and Coinage (1986) Carter, J.C., 'Metapontum: Land, Wealth, and Population', in J.P. Descoeudres ed., Greek Colonists and Native Populations (1990), 405-41 Carter, J.C., 'The Chora and the Polis of Metaponto;, in F. Krinzinger ed., Die Agais und das westliche Mittlemeer: Beziehungen und Wechselwirkungen, 8. bis 5. Jh. v. Chr. (2000), 81-94 Cerchiai, L. et al., The Greek Cities of Magna Graecia and Sicily (2004) Crielaard, J-P., 'How the West was Won: Euboeans vs. Phoenicians', in C. Briese - R.F. Docter eds, Die Akten des Internationalen Kolloquiums "Interactions in the Iron Age: Phoenicians, Greeks and the Indigenous Peoples of theWestern Mediterranean" in Amsterdam am 26. und 27. Marz 1992, Hamburger Beitrage zur Archaologie 19/20, 1992/93 (1996), 235-60 (MUL CC5.H35) De Angelis, F., Megara Hyblaia and Selinous: Two Greek City-States in Archaic Sicily (2003) De Angelis, F., 'Trade and Agriculture at Megara Hyblaia', Oxford Journal of Archaeology 21 (2002), 299-310 Descoeudres, J.P. ed., Greek Colonists and Native Populations (1990) De Voto, J.G., 'Two Megarian Colonies in Sicily', Ancient World 36 (2005), 90-106 Di Vita, 'Urban Planning in Ancient Sicily', in Carratelli, G.P. ed., The Western Greeks (1996), 263-308 Graham, A.J., Mother City and Colony (2nd ed., 1983)

- 14 - Graham, A.J., 'Megara Hyblaea and the Sicels', in A.J. Graham, Collected Papers on Greek Colonization (2001), 149-64 Malkin, I., 'Exploring the Validity of the Concept of 'Foundation' A Visit to Megara Hyblaia', in V. Gorman - E. Robinson eds, Oikistes. Studies in Constitutions, Colonies, and Military Power in the Ancient World offered in Honor of A.J. Graham (2002), 195-225 Morel, J-P, 'Greek Colonization in Italy and in the West', in T. Hackens et al. eds, Crossroads of the Mediterranean (1984), 123-61 Shepherd, G., 'Fibulae and Females: Intermarriage in the Western Greek Colonies and the Evidence from the Cemeteries', in G. Tsetskhladze ed., Ancient Greeks: West and East (1999), 267-300 Smith, C.J. - Serrati, J. eds, Sicily from Aeneas to Augustus (2000) Trillmich, C.B., 'Elea: Problems of the Relationship between City and Territory, and of Urban Organization in the Archaic Period', in J.P. Descoeudres ed., Greek Colonists and Native Populations (1990), 365-71

5. In what way does the city of Satricum (Borgo Le Ferriere) contribute to our understanding of Iron Age culture in Latium during the 7th-5th centuries BC?

Select Bibliography Beijer, A.J., 'Impasto Pottery and Social Status in Latium Vetus in the Orientalising Period (725-575 BC): an Example from Borgo Le Ferriere ('Satricum'), in E. Herring et al., Papers of the Fourth Conference of Italian Archaeology vol. 2 (1991), 21-39 Bouma, J.W. et al., 'The Economy of an Early Latin Settlement, Borgo Le Ferriere-Satricum, 800-200 BC', in N. Christie ed., Settlement and Economy in Italy 1500- BC - AD 1500 (1995), 183-95 Downey, S.B., Architectural Terracottas from the Regia (1995) Haynes, S., Etruscan Civilization: A Cultural History (2000) Holloway, R.R., The Archaeology of Early Rome and Latium (1994) Lowe, C., ' The Historical Significance of Early Latin Votive Deposits (up to the 4th Century B.C.), in H.McK. Blake et al., Papers in Italian Archaeology, Part 1 (1978), 141-50 Maaskant-Kleibrink, M., 'Early Settlement Plans at Borgo Le Ferriere (Satricum), Bulletin Antieke Beschaving 66 (1991), 51-114 Maaskant-Kleibrink, M., 'Evidence of Households or of Ritual Meals? Early Latin Cult Practices: A Comparison of the Finds at Lavinium, Campoverde and Borgo Le Ferriere (Satricum), in N. Christie ed., Settlement and Economy in Italy 1500- BC - AD 1500 (1995), 123-33 Nijboer, A.J., 'The Role of Craftsmen in the Urbanization Process of Central Italy (8th to 6th Centuries BC), in Andersen, H.D. ed., Urbanization in the Mediterranean in the 9th to 6th centuries BC (1997), 383-406 Ridgway, D. - F. eds, Italy before the Romans: the Iron Age, Orientalizing and Etruscan Periods (1979) Smith, C.J., 'Reviewing Archaic Latium: Settlement, Burials, and Religion at Satricum', review article, Journal of Roman Archaeology 12 (1999), 453-75 Smith, C.J., Early Rome and Latium: Economy and Society c. 1000 to 500 BC (1996) Smith, C.J., 'Traders and Artisans in Archaic Central Italy', in Parkins, H. - Smith, C. eds, Trade, Traders and the Ancient City (1998), 31-51 Smith, C.J., 'Early and Archaic Rome', in J. Coulston - H. Dodge eds, Ancient Rome: The

- 15 - Archaeology of the Eternal City (2000), 16-41 Torelli, M., Tota Italia. Essays in the cultural Formation of Roman Italy (1999), 14-42 Waarsenburg, D.J., 'Astarte and Monkey Representations in the Italian Orientalizing Period: The Amber Sculptures from Satricum', in C. Briese - R.F. Docter eds, Die Akten des Internationalen Kolloquiums "Interactions in the Iron Age: Phoenicians, Greeks and the Indigenous Peoples of theWestern Mediterranean" in Amsterdam am 26. und 27. Marz 1992, Hamburger Beitrage zur Archaologie 19/20,1992/93 (1996), 33-71 (MUL CC5.H35) Whitehouse, R.D., 'From Secret Society to State Religion: Ritual and Social Organisation in Prehistoric and Protohistoric Italy', in N. Christie ed., Settlement and Economy in Italy 1500- BC - AD 1500 (1995), 83-88 Winter, N.A., 'Gods Walking on the Roof: the Evolution of Terracotta Statuary in Archaic Etruscan Architecture in Light of the Kings of Rome', Journal of Roman Archaeology 18 (2005), 241-51

6. What do archaeological investigations reveal about the function of the structures at Murlo? How can the history of the site be reconstructed in the broader context of the Etruscan civilization?

Select Bibliography Berkin, J. , The Orientalizing Bucchero from the Lower Building at Poggio Civitate (Murlo) (2003) Bonfante, L., Etruscan Life and Afterlife (1986) Dangaard Andersen, H., 'Archaic Architectural Terracottas and their Relation to Building Identification', in Rystedt, E. et al. eds, Deliciae fictiles. Proceedings of the First International Conference on Central Italic Architectural Terracottas at the Swedish Institute in Rome, 10-12 December 1990 (1993), 71-86 De Grummond, N.T., 'Poggio Civitate: A Turning Point', Etruscan Studies 4 (1997), 23-40 De Puma, R.D. - Small, J.P. eds, Murlo and the Etruscans. Art and Society in Ancient Etruria (1994) Donati, L.,'Civil, Domestic and Religious Architecture', in M. Torelli ed., The Etruscans (2001), 313-333 Edlund, I.E.M., 'Sacred and Secular: Evidence of Rural Shrines and Industry among Greeks and Etruscans', in T. Hackens et al. eds, Crossroads of the Mediterranean (1984), 277-90 Edlund-Berry, I.E.M., 'Power and Religion:How Social Change Affected the Emergence and Collapse of Power Structures', in E. Herring et al., Papers of the Fourth Conference of Italian Archaeology: The Archaeology of Power, Pt 2 (1991), 161-72 Haynes, S., Etruscan Civilization: A Cultural History (2000) Izzet, V., 'Etruscan Ritual and the Recent Excavations at Sant'Antonio, Cerveteri', in Accordia Research Papers vol. 8 (1999-2000), 133-48 MacIntosh Turfa, J. - Steinmayer, A.G., 'Interpreting Early Etruscan Structures: the Question of Murlo', Papers of the British School at Rome 70 (2002), 1-28 Nielsen, E., 'Speculations on an Ivory Workshop of the Orientalizing Period', in T. Hackens et al. eds, Crossroads of the Mediterranean (1984), 333-48 Nijboer, A.J., 'The Role of Craftsmen in the Urbanization Process of Central Italy (8th to 6th

- 16 - Centuries BC), in Andersen, H.D. ed., Urbanization in the Mediterranean in the 9th to 6th centuries BC (1997), 383-406 Smith, C.J., 'Traders and Artisans in Archaic Central Italy', in Parkins, H. - Smith, C. eds, Trade, Traders and the Ancient City (1998), 31-51 Von Mehren, M., 'The Murlo Frieze Plaques', in Rystedt, E. et al. eds, Deliciae fictiles. Proceedings of the First International Conference on Central Italic Architectural Terracottas at the Swedish Institute in Rome, 10-12 December 1990 (1993), 139-45 Whitehouse, R.D., 'From Secret Society to State Religion: Ritual and Social Organisation in Prehistoric and Protohistoric Italy', in N. Christie ed., Settlement and Economy in Italy 1500- BC - AD 1500 (1995), 83-88

Examination See below for details

Attendance The tutorial program in AHIS331 is based on a series of alternating sessions of independent study in the Museum of Ancient Cultures and library, and group discussions on related topics. To obtain the full 20% assessment allocated for tutorial work, you must complete the four pairs of tutorials: 1 (A-B); 2 (A-B); 3 (A-B); 4 (A-B). Each pair is worth 5%. Partial completion of any of these pairs is insufficient to obtain any of the 5% assessment mark for it. The tutorial discussions in Weeks 1 and 11 are not for assessment but please note that attendance at the tutorial session in Week 1 is compulsory.

Examination(s) There will be a written examination in the examination period. The examination will take the form of choosing three pictures from a selection of images and writing a paragraph of between 250-300 words about each one, referring to relevant archaeological and cultural information (Section A); and choosing two short essay questions, one from a selection of five (Section B) and one from a selection of six (Section C) writing between 750 and 1000 words for each of your responses.

Assignment submission All tutorial reports and worksheets must be submitted in person to the tutor at the beginning of the relevant tutorial meeting. All essays must be submitted in electronic form to the Blackboard unit assignment dropbox, NOT by email. Students must attach a scanned, signed cover sheet to each assignment, which can be picked up from reception on the ground floor of W6A or downloaded from the Faculty of Arts webpage: http://www.arts.mq.edu.au/current_students/undergraduate/admin_central/coversheet.

Read, sign, and attach the scanned declaration before submitting your work.

Make sure to include the course number, your name, your student number, and your tutorial time.

- 17 - All marked assignments will be returned in class or via the Blackboard dropbox. If you miss the class when they are returned they can be picked up from the Student Arts Centre Desk on the ground floor of W6A.

Extensions and penalties Written work will not be accepted for assessment after the due date unless an extension has been requested and granted beforehand with the Unit Convenor.

If you need an extension this must be agreed on after discussion with your Unit Convenor, who may ask for documentation. You must apply for an extension before the assignment due date. Extensions asked for after the date will not be granted.

No written work at all will be accepted after the end of the last lecture week.

Returning assignments We will mark and return each tutorial worksheet in time for you to consider our advice when working on your next worksheet. We will endeavour to mark and return all of the essays before the end of semester. The Essay will be returned in the last two weeks of the Unit. The examination will not be returned.

If you believe that your assessment task has been lost, please contact the Student Arts Centre on the ground floor of W6A. Your claim will be logged and tracked in a database of lost assignment claims and kept on file for up to five years. If you believe that your assessment task has been lost, please contact the Student Enquiry Office on the Ground Floor of W6A. Your claim will be logged and tracked in a database of lost assignment claims and kept on file for up to five years.

- 18 - DELIVERY AND RESOURCES Delivery: Day, Evening, External, Online This unit will use: Blackboard, iLecture Times and Locations for Lectures and Tutorials For current updates, lecture times and classrooms please consult the MQ Timetables website: http://www.timetables.mq.edu.au. Lecture 1: Monday, 10-11 a.m. (E7B100), 6-7 p.m. (X5B134) Lecture 2: Wednesday, 1-2 p.m. (E7B100) Required and recommended resources BOOKS Every student must purchase a copy of the unit booklet which is available from the University Cooperative Bookshop. The following four books are recommended for consultation. Copies will be in the library as well as available for purchase in the University Cooperative Bookshop.

R. Holloway, The Archaeology of Early Rome and Latium (1994) G. Barker - T. Rasmussen, The Etruscans (pbk 2000) L. Cerchiai et al., The Greek Cities of Magna Graecia and Sicily (2004) Roger Ling, Pompeii (2005)

MACQUARIE LIBRARY RESERVE Most books on the weekly bibliographies list have been placed in Reserve or are available on 7-day loan. Literature for the unit is also made available for reading on the Reserve website for the unit: see http://www.lib.mq.edu.au/resources/reserve/. LECTURES and TUTORIALS: Outlines and Bibliographies

WEEK 1 (1 - 7 August) a) Introduction to the Unit b) Developments in Italian Archaeology, 1 The development of Italian archaeology needs to be studied before any survey of the actual results of work. It gives an insight into the diverse nature of Italian scholarship and illustrates specifically for Italian archaeology the principle that both personalities and historical events are indeed important influences on the methodology for investigating and interpreting the past.

Bibliography: DeLain, J., 'The Romanitas of the Railway Station', in Biddiss, M. - Wyke, M. eds, The Uses and Abuses of Antiquity (1999), 145-66 Laurence, R., 'Tourism, Town Planning and Romanitas: Rimini's Roman Heritage', in Biddiss, M. - Wyke, M. eds, The Uses and Abuses of Antiquity (1999), 187-205 Laurence, R. 'Tourism and Romanità : A New Vision of Pompeii (1924-1942)', Ancient History: Resources for Teachers 35.1 (2005), 90-110

- 19 - Loney, H., 'Themes and Models in the Development of Italian Prehistory', Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology 15.2 (2002), 199-215 Pallottino, M., A History of Earliest Italy (1991),18-21 Parslow, C.C., Rediscovering Antiquity. Karl Weber and the Excavation of Herculaneum, Pompeii, and Stabiae (1995), 215-221 Robinson, T., 'Italy', in Encyclopedia of Archaeology, vol. 4 (2001), 721-33 Quartermaine, L., ' "Slouching towards Rome": Mussolini's Imperial Vision', in Cornell, T.J. - Lomas, K. eds, Urban Society in Roman Italy (1995), 203-15 Whittam, J., Fascist Italy (1995), 85-88

No Tutorials

WEEK 2 (8 - 14 August) a) Developments in Italian Archaeology, 2 b) The Late Bronze Age: indigenous cultures and the Mycenaeans, 1 The Second Millenium. BC, roughly 2000-900 BC, is labelled the Bronze Age in Italian Archaeology because of the noticeable use during that period of copper and tin alloy for making utensils, weapons and ornamental articles of bronze. The Late Bronze Age of Italy is roughly contemporary with that of Greece, but it is different in character. Nevertheless, some contact existed with the Aegean and the southern Italian mainland and Sicily since influence from the palatial states of Mycenaean Greece is detectable in the West. The Late Bronze Age communities of the central and northern Italian peninsula exhibit a far more independent development.

Bibliography: Barker, G. - Stoddart, S. 'The Bronze Age of Central Italy: c.200-900 BC', in C. Mathers - S. Stoddart eds, Development and Decline in the Mediterranean Bronze Age (1994), 145-65 Barker, G.W.W., 'Rates of Cultural and Economic Growth in the Bronze Age of Central Italy, Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 38 (1972) 170-208 Barker, G.W.W., 'Cultural and Economic Change in the Prehistory of Central Italy', in C. Renfrew ed., The Explanation of Culture Change: Models in Prehistory (1973), 359-70 Bouma, J.W. et al., 'The Economy of an Early Latin Settlement, Borgo Le Ferriere-Satricum, 800-200 BC', in N. Christie ed., Settlement and Economy in Italy 1500- BC - AD 1500 (1995), 183-95 Maaskant-Kleibrink, M., 'Evidence of Households or of Ritual Meals? Early Latin Cult Practices: A Comparison of the Finds at Lavinium, Campoverde and Borgo Le Ferriere (Satricum), in N. Christie ed., Settlement and Economy in Italy 1500- BC - AD 1500 (1995), 123-33 Fugazzola Delpino, M.A., 'The Proto-Villanovan: A Survey', in D. - F. Ridgway eds, Italy before the Romans: the Iron Age, Orientalizing and Etruscan Periods (1979), 31-51 Holloway, R.R., 'Recent Research in Prehistoric Sicily', in T. Hackens et al. eds, Crossroads of the Mediterranean (1984), 261-66 Jones, R - Vagnetti, L., 'Traders and Craftsmen in the Central Mediterranean: Archaeological Evidence and Archaeometric Research', in Gale, N. ed., Bronze Age Trade in the Mediterranean (1991), 127-42. Kilian, K., 'Mycenaean Colonization: Norm and Variety', in J.-P. Descoeudres ed., Greek Colonists and Native Populations (1990),445-467 Mountjoy, P. A. , Mycenaean Pottery. An Introduction (2001) Peroni, R., 'From Bronze Age to Iron Age: Economic, Historical and Social Considerations', in

- 20 - D. - F. Ridgway eds, Italy before the Romans: the Iron Age, Orientalizing and Etruscan Periods (1979), 7-30 Phillips, P., 'Aspects of Research in Sardinian Protohistory', in H.McK. Blake et al., Papers in Italian Archaeology, Part i (1978), 93-97 Ridgway, D., The First Western Greeks (1992), Ch. 1 Ridgway, D., 'Italy from the Bronze Age to the Iron Age', Cambridge Ancient History vol. IV (2nd ed. 1988), 623-33 Smith, C.J., 'Reviewing Archaic Latium: Settlement, Burials, and Religion at Satricum', review article, Journal of Roman Archaeology 12 (1999), 453-75 Vagnetti, L., 'The First Contacts between the Minoan-Mycenaean and the Western Mediterranean Worlds, in G. Carratelli, The Western Greeks (1996), 109-116 Vagnetti, L., 'Mycenaean pottery in the Central Mediterranean: imports and local production in their context', in Crielaard, J. ed., The Complex Past of Pottery. Production, Circulation and Consumption of Mycenaean and Greek Pottery (1999), 137-61 Whitehouse, R., 'Italian Prehistory, Carbon 14 and the Tree-ring Calibration', in H.McK. Blake et al., Papers in Italian Archaeology, Part i (1978), 71-91

Tutorial: Explanation of tutorial program. Attendance is compulsory.

WEEK 3 (15 - 21 August) a) The Late Bronze Age: indigenous cultures and the Mycenaeans, 2

Bibliography: See above b) The Early Iron Age: the Villanovan phase, 1 The term 'Villanovan' is applied to archaeological material from central Italy dating c. 900-700 BC. During this period, there was an increase in population and settlements of the 9th century BC are characterised by structural changes from the preceding cultural phase as well. Such changes reflect significant social changes and economic growth.

Bibliography: Barker G. -Rasmussen, T., The Etruscans (1998), Ch. 2 Barker, G., 'Cultural and Economic Change in the Prehistory of Central Italy', in C. Renfrew ed., The Explanation of Culture Change: Models in Prehistory (1973), 359-69 Beijer, A.J., 'Impasto Pottery and Social Status in Latium Vetus in the Orientalising Period (725-575 BC): an Example from Borgo Le Ferriere ('Satricum'), in E. Herring et al., Papers of the Fourth Conference of Italian Archaeology vol. 2 (1991), 21-39 Giardino, C. et al., 'Power and the Individual in Funerary Ideology: the Emergence of the Aristocracy in the Villanovan Period in the Bologna Region', in E. Herring et al., Papers of the Fourth Conference of Italian Archaeology vol. 2 (1991), 9-19 Haynes, S., Etruscan Civilization (2000), 1-45 Holloway, R.R., The Archaeology of Early Rome and Latium (1994), Chs 8-11 Pallottino, M., A History of Earliest Italy (1991; English transl. M. Ryle - K. Soper), 25-55 Peroni, R., 'From Bronze Age to Iron Age: Economic, Historical and Social Considerations', in D. - F. Ridgway eds, Italy before the Romans: the Iron Age, Orientalizing and Etruscan Periods (1979), 7-30 Potter, T.W., 'Population Hiatus and Continuity: The Case of the South Etruria Survey', H.McK. Blake et al., Papers in Italian Archaeology, Part i (1978), 99-116 Potter, T.W., A Faliscan Town in Southern Etruria. Excavations at Narce 1966-71 (1976)

- 21 - Ridgway, D., 'The Etruscans II. The Villanovan Culture: The Etruscans in the Ninth and Eighth Centuries', Cambridge Ancient History vol. IV (2nd ed., 1988), 640-53 Spivey, N., Etruscan Art (1997), 25-39

Independent Study: Museum Artefact Worksheet 1 - Mycenaean Pottery

WEEK 4 (22 - 28 August) a) The Early Iron Age: the Villanovan phase, 2

Bibliography: See above b) Early Rome, 1 The archaeological study of early Rome must begin with its natural environment and location, for these determined the nature of the development of the settlement to a large extent. The Tiber river was navigable from its mouth to the site of earliest settlement and even further inland in Rome's earliest period permitting contact with Etruria and Latium as well as with the Greek settlements of Campania. Thus, the river guided the development of early Rome with regard to communications and trade and the earliest sanctuaries and market area of the settlement were established on its banks. It is debatable whether or not there was any occupation in Rome during the Bronze Age but, certainly, there is sufficient archaeological material from the 10th century to suggest the existence of a settled community.

Bibliography: Ammerman, A., 'Three Books on Early Rome', review in Journal of Roman Archaeology 10 (1997), 318-322 Claridge, A., Rome: An Oxford Archaeological Guide to Rome (1998) Constantini, L. - Giorgi, J., 'Charred Plant Remains of the Archaic Period from the Forum and Palatine', Journal of Roman Archaeology 14 (2001), 239-48 Coulston, J. -Dodge, H., 'Introduction: the Archaeology and Topography of Rome', in J. Coulston - H. Dodge eds, Ancient Rome: The Archaeology of the Eternal City (2000), 1-15 Downey, S.B., Architectural Terracottas from the Regia (1995) Holloway, R.R., The Archaeology of Early Rome and Latium (1994), Chs 1-7, 13 Lanciani, R., Ancient Rome in the Light of Recent Discoveries (1888; reissued 1967) Lanciani, R., The Ruins and Excavations of Ancient Rome (1897; reissued with new foreword by Richard Brilliant 1979) Lowe, C., 'The Historical Significance of Early Latin Votive Deposits (up to the 4th Century B.C.)', in H.McK. Blake et al., Papers in Italian Archaeology, Part 1 (1978), 141-49 Momigliano, A., 'The Origins of Rome', Cambridge Ancient History (2nd ed.) vol. VII, pt 2 (1989), 63-82 Pallottino, M., 'The Origins of Rome: A Survey of Recent Discoveries and Discussions', in D. - F. Ridgway eds, Italy before the Romans: the Iron Age, Orientalizing and Etruscan Periods (1979),197-222 Ridgway, D. - F. eds, Italy before the Romans: the Iron Age, Orientalizing and Etruscan Periods (1979) Ridgway, D., 'Early Rome and Latium: An Archaeological Introduction', in D. - F. Ridgway eds, Italy before the Romans: the Iron Age, Orientalizing and Etruscan Periods (1979), 187-95 Smith, C.J., 'Early and Archaic Rome', in J. Coulston - H. Dodge eds, Ancient Rome: The Archaeology of the Eternal City (2000), 16-41 Smith, C.J., Early Rome and Latium: Economy and Society c. 1000 to 500 BC (1996)

- 22 - Torelli, M., 'Archaic Rome Between Latium and Etruria', Cambridge Ancient History (2nd ed.) vol. VII, pt 2 (1989), 30-51

Tutorial Discussion 1: Mycenaean Pottery

WEEK 5 (29 August - 4 September) a) Early Rome, 2

Bibliography: See above b) Pithecusae, an early Greek settlement, 1 In the 8th century BC the Greeks re-established regular contact with the West. This was to have a significant impact on the cultural development of communities on the Italian mainland. The archaeological evidence indicates that the earliest Greeks in the West were chiefly from the island of Euboea and that the settlement at Pithecusae was founded in order to tap into the resources of the metal-rich regions of Italy.

Bibliography: Becker, M.J., 'Human Skeletal Remains from the Pre-Colonial Greek Emporium of Pithekoussai on Ischia (NA): Culture Contact in Italy from the Early VIII to the II Century BC', in C. Neil ed., Settlement and Economy in Italy, 1500 BC to AD 150 (1995), 273-81 Boardman, J., 'Early Euboean Settlements in the Carthage Area', Oxford Journal of Archaeology 25 (2006), 195-200 Boardman, J., 'The Excavated History of Al Mina', in G. Tsetskhladze, Ancient Greeks West and East (1999), 135-61 Boardman, J., The Greeks Overseas. Their Early Colonies and Trade (4th ed. 1999) Buchner, G., 'Early Orientalizing: Aspects of the Euboean Connection', in D. - F. Ridgway eds, Italy before the Romans: the Iron Age, Orientalizing and Etruscan Periods (1979), 129-44 Buchner, G., 'Pithekoussai: Oldest Greek Colony in the West', Expedition 8 (1966), 4-12 Cerchiai, L. et al., The Greek Cities of Magna Graecia and Sicily (2004), 36-61 D'Agostino, B., 'Euboean Colonisation in the Gulf of Naples', in G. Tsetskhladze, Ancient Greeks West and East (1999), 207-27 D'Agostino, 'Pithekoussai and the First Western Greeks', review article, Journal of Roman Archaeology 9 (1996), 302-9 Descoeudres, J.-P. and Kearsley, R., 'Greek Pottery at Veii: Another Look',The Annual of the British School at Athens 78 (1983) 9-53. Frederiksen, M., Campania (1984), Ch. 3 Haynes, S., Etruscan Civilization (2000), 47-99 Kearsley, R., 'Greeks Overseas in the 8th Century B.C.: Euboeans, Al Mina and Assyrian Imperialism', in G. Tsetskhladze ed., Ancient Greeks West and East (1999), 109-34 Klein, J.J., 'A Greek Metal-working Quarter: Eighth-century Excavations on Ischia', Expedition 14 (1972), 34-39 Neeft, K. 'In Search of Wealth and Status in the Valle di San Montano', in B. D'Agostino - D. Ridgway eds, Apoikia: i piu antichi insediamenti greci in occidente: scritti in onore di Giorgio Buchner (1995), 149-63 Ridgway, D., 'The Rehabilitation of Bocchoris: Notes and Queries from Italy', Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 85 (1999), 143-52 Ridgway, D., 'Seals, Scarabs and People in Pithekoussai I', in G. Tsetskhladze et al. eds, Periplous. Papers on Classical Art and Archaeology Presented to Sir John Boardman (2000),

- 23 - 235-243. Ridgway, D., The First Western Greeks (1992), Chs 2-6 Ridgway, D., 'Genesis of the Orientalizing Movement: Pithecusa and Cyme', Cambridge Ancient History vol. IV (2nd ed., 1988), 655-61 Walker, K., Archaic Eretria (2004), Chs 3-5

Independent Study: Museum Artefact Worksheet 2 - Etruscan Pottery

WEEK 6 (5 - 11 September) a) Pithecusae, an early Greek settlement, 2

Bibliography: See above b) Phoenicians in the West, 1 Study of the Phoenicians is an important part of the archaeology of Italy during the Iron Age because of their extensive interaction with the earliest Greeks in the West and with the native peoples of the Italian mainland, Sardinia, and Sicily. The Phoenicians, seem to have first visited the West purely for purposes of trade. Later, groups migrated and established settlements. While aspects of Phoenician activity are difficult to date with certainty, recent work on Sardinia has clarified that both the Cypriots and the Phoenicians remained in contact with the West between the end of the Bronze Age and 8th century, a period when Greek civilization had contracted sharply and become more inward focused.

Bibliography: Aubet, M., The Phoenicians and the West (3rd ed. 2001) Balmuth, M. 'Advances in Sardinian Archaeology', in T. Hackens et al. eds, Crossroads of the Mediterranean (1984),247-54 Blanco, A. - Luzon, J.M., 'Pre-Roman Silver Miners at Riotinto', Antiquity 43 (1969), 124-31 Asheri, D., 'Carthaginians and Greeks', Cambridge Ancient History vol. IV (2nd ed. 1988), 739-53 De Angelis, F., Megara Hyblaia and Selinous: Two Greek City-States in Archaic Sicily (2003), 115-22 De Plat Taylor, J. 'Motya Pottery Research', in H.McK. Blake et al., Papers in Italian Archaeology, Part 1 (1978), 117-19 Docter, R.F. - Niemeyer, H.G., 'Pithekoussai: The Carthaginian Connection. On the Archaeological Evidence of Euboeo-Phoenician Partnership in the 8th and 7th Centuries B.C.', Apoikia. Scritti in Onore di Giorgio Buchner (1994), 101-15 Harden, D., The Phoenicians (1962) Herm, G., The Phoenicians (1975) Holloway, R.R., 'Recent Research in Greek and Punic Sicily', in T. Hackens et al. eds, Crossroads of the Mediterranean (1984), 267-76 Markoe, G.E., Phoenicians (2000) Niemeyer, H.-G., 'The Phoenicians in the Mediterranean: A Non-Greek Model for Expansion and Settlement in Antiquity', in J.P. Descoeudres ed., Greek Colonists and Native Populations (1990), 469-89 Phillips, P., 'Aspects of Research in Sardinian Protohistory', in H.McK. Blake et al., Papers in Italian Archaeology, Part i (1978), 93-97 Reese, D.S., 'Whale Bones and Shell Purple Dye at Motya', Oxford Journal of Archaeology 24 (2005), 107-114

- 24 - Ridgway, D., 'Genesis of the Orientalizing Movement: Pithecusa and Cyme', Cambridge Ancient History vol. IV (2nd ed., 1988), 655-61 Ridgway, D., 'Phoenicians and Greeks in the West', in G. Tsetskhladze - F. De Angelis eds, The Archaeology of Greek Colonisation: Essays Dedicated to Sir John Boardman (1994), 35-46 Ridgway, D., 'Phoenicians and Greeks in the West: A View from Pithekoussai', in G.R. Tsetskhladze - F. de Angelis eds, TheArchaeology of Greek Colonization. Essays Dedicated to Sir John Boardman (Oxford 1994), 35-46. Ridgway, D. - Serra Ridgway, F.R., 'Sardinia and History', in R.H.Tykot - T.K. Andrews eds, Sardinia in the Mediterranean:A Footprint in the Sea (1992), 355-63 Serra Ridgway, F., 'Etruscans, Greeks, and Carthaginians: The Sanctuary at Pyrgi', in J.P. Descoeudres ed., Greek Colonists and Native Populations (1990), 512-22 Serrati, J., 'Sicily from pre-Greek times to the Fourth Century', in C.J. Smith - J. Serrati, Sicily from Aeneas to Augustus (2000), 9-14 Van Dommelen, P.A.R., On Colonial Grounds. A comparative study of colonialism and rural settlement in first millenium BC west central Sardinia (1998), 69-159 Vella, N.C., 'Phoenician and Punic Malta', Journal of Roman Archaeology 18 (2005), 436-50 Whitaker, J., Motya, a Phoenician Colony in Sicily (1921)

Tutorial Discussion 2: Etruscan Tomb Painting

WEEK 7 (12-18 September) a) Phoenicians in the West, 2

Bibliography: See above. b) Etruscan civilization: an overview Ancient Etruria lay in north-central Italy bounded in the south by the Tiber River and in the north by the Arno. To the west was the Tyrrhenian Sea and to the east, the western slopes of the Apennine mountain range. The Etruscan civilization existed for six and a half centuries, from c. 750 BC to 100 BC, however the chief prosperity of the Etruscan cities was from 700-500 BC with the peak of their power c. 600 BC.

Bibliography: Barker G. -Rasmussen, T., The Etruscans (1998), Introduction; Chs 1, 3-8 Bartoloni, G. 'Populonia: Characteristic Features of a Port Community in Italy During the First Iron Age', in E. Herring et al., Papers of the Fourth Conference of Italian Archaeology vol. 2 (1991), 101-16 Berkin, J. , The Orientalizing Bucchero from the Lower Building at Poggio Civitate (Murlo) (2003) Boitani, F. et al., Etruscan Cities (1975) Bonfante, G. -Bonfante, L., The Etruscan Language: An Introduction (2002) Bonfante, L., Etruscan Life and Afterlife (1986) Bradley, G., Ancient Umbria. State, Culture, and Identity in Central Italy from the Iron Age to the Augustan Era (2000) Briggs, D.N., 'Metals, Salt, and Slaves: Economic Links Between Gaul and Italy from the Eighth to the Late Sixth Centuries BC', Oxford Journal of Archaeology 22 (2003), 243-59 Cambi, F., 'Demography and Romanization in Central Italy', in J. Bintliff - K. Sbonias eds, Reconstructing Past Population Trends in Mediterranean Europe (3000 BC - AD 1800) (1991), 115-27

- 25 - Cifani, G., 'Notes on the Rural Landscape of Central Tyrrhenian Italy in the 6th-5th centuries BC and its Social Significance', Journal of Roman Archaeology 15 (2002), 239-60 Cristofani, M., 'Recent Advances in Etruscan Epigraphy and Language', in D. - F. Ridgway eds, Italy before the Romans: the Iron Age, Orientalizing and Etruscan Periods (1979), 373-412 Curry, M., 'The Export of Attic Black-Figure Pottery in the Early Sixth Century BC', in G. Tsetskhladze et al. eds, Periplous. Papers on Classical Art and Archaeology Presented to Sir John Boardman (2000), 80-88 D'Agostino, B., 'Military Organisation and Social Structure in Archaic Etruria', in Murray, O. - Price, S. eds, The Greek City from Homer to Alexander (1990), 59-82 Di Giuseppe, H. et al., 'The Sabinensis Ager Revisited: A Field Survey in the Sabina Tiberina', Papers of the British School at Rome 70 (2002), 99-149 Edlund-Berry, I.E.M., 'Ritual Destruction of Cities and Sanctuaries', in De Puma, R.D. - Small, J.P., Murlo and the Etruscans. Art and Society in Ancient Etruria (1994), 16-28 Edlund, I.E.M., 'Sacred and Secular: Evidence of Rural Shrines and Industry among Greeks and Etruscans', in T. Hackens et al. eds, Crossroads of the Mediterranean (1984), 277-90 De Puma, R.D., 'Eos and Memnon on Etruscan Mirrors', in De Puma, R.D. - Small, J.P., Murlo and the Etruscans. Art and Society in Ancient Etruria (1994), 180-189 Frederiksen, M. 'The Etruscans in Campania', in D. - F. Ridgway eds, Italy before the Romans: the Iron Age, Orientalizing and Etruscan Periods (1979), 277-311 Harris, W.V., Rome in Etruria and Umbria (1971) Haynes, S., Etruscan Civilization: A Cultural History (2000) Haynes, S., 'A Miniature Bronze Statuette', Studi Etruschi 69 (2003), 71-75 Holloway, R.R., The Archaeology of Early Rome and Latium (1994), Ch. 12 Leighton, R., 'House Urns and Etruscan Tomb Painting: Tradition versus Innovation in the ninth-seventh centuries BC', Oxford Journal of Archaeology (1995), 363-80 MacIntosh Turfa, J. - Steinmayer, A.G., 'Interpreting Early Etruscan Structures: the Question of Murlo; Papers of the British School at Rome 70 (2002), 1-28 Macnamara, E.F., The Etruscans (1990) Mansuelli, G., 'The Etruscan city', in D. - F. Ridgway eds, Italy before the Romans: the Iron Age, Orientalizing and Etruscan Periods (1979), 353-71 Neils, J., 'Reflections of Immortality: the Myth of Jason on Etruscan Mirrors', in De Puma, R.D. - Small, J.P., Murlo and the Etruscans. Art and Society in Ancient Etruria (1994), 190-95 Nielsen, E., 'An Atrium House of the 6th Century B.C. at Rosselle', review, Journal of Roman Archaeology 10 (1997), 323-26 Nielsen, E., 'Speculations on an Ivory Workshop of the Orientalizing Period', in T. Hackens et al. eds, Crossroads of the Mediterranean (1984), 333-48 Nielsen, M., 'Etruscan Women: A Cross-Cultural Perspective', in L. Loven - A. Strömberg eds, Aspects of Women in Antiquity, 69-84 Owens, E.J., The City in the Greek and Roman World (1991), 94-120 Pallottino, M., A History of Earliest Italy (1991), 59-93 Phillips, K.M., 'Stamped Impasto Pottery Manufactured at Poggio Civitate', in De Puma, R.D. - Small, J.P. eds, Murlo and the Etruscans. Art and Society in Ancient Etruria (1994), 29-46 Potter, T.W., 'Power, Politics and Territory in Southern Etruria', in in E. Herring et al., Papers of the Fourth Conference of Italian Archaeology vol. 2 (1991), 174-84 Potter, T.W., 'Towns and Territories in Southern Etruria', in J. Rich - A. Wallace-Haddrill ed., City and Country in the Ancient World (1991), 191-209 Potter, T.W., A Faliscan Town in South Etruria (1976) Potter, T.W., The Changing Landscape of South Etruria (1979) Rasmussen, T., Bucchero Pottery from South Etruria (1979)

- 26 - Rathje, A., 'Banquet and Ideology: Some New Considerations About Banqueting at Poggio Civitate', in De Puma, R.D. - Small, J.P., Murlo and the Etruscans. Art and Society in Ancient Etruria (1994), 95-99 Rathje, A., 'Oriental Imports in Etruria in the Eighth and Seventh Centuries BC: Their Origins and Implications', in D. - F. Ridgway eds, Italy before the Romans: the Iron Age, Orientalizing and Etruscan Periods (1979), 145-83 Rathje, A., 'The Adoption of the Homeric Banquet in Central Italy in the Orientalizing Period', in O. Murray ed., Sympotica (1990), 297-88 Ridgway, D., The First Western Greeks (1992), Chs 7-8 Ridgway, D., 'The Etruscans', Cambridge Ancient History vol. IV (2nd ed. 1988), 634-40; 653-75 Ridgway, D. - Serra Ridgway, F.R., 'New Aspects of Tarquinia, Veii, and Caere; and a new Etruscan Overview', review article, Journal of Roman Archaeology 12 (1999), 440-52 Serra Ridgway, F., 'Etruscans, Greeks, and Carthaginians: The Sanctuary at Pyrgi', in J.P. Descoeudres ed., Greek Colonists and Native Populations (1990), 512-22 Sinos, R.H., 'Godlike Men: A Discussion of the Murlo Procession Frieze', in De Puma, R.D. - Small, J.P., Murlo and the Etruscans. Art and Society in Ancient Etruria (1994), 100-20 Small, J.P., 'Eat, Drink and be Merry: Etruscan Banquets', in R. de Puma - J.P. Small eds, Murlo and the Etruscans (1994), 85-94 Small, J.P., 'A Conference on Etruscan Vases', review in Journal of Roman Archaeology 11 (1998), 408-412 Smith, C.J.,'Medea in Italy: Barter and Exchange in the Archaic Mediterranean', in G. Tsetskhladze ed., Ancient Greeks West and East (1999), 179-206 Spivey, N., 'Greek Vases in Etruria', in T. Rasmussen - N. Spivey eds, Looking at Greek Vases (1991), 131-50 Spivey, N., Etruscan Art (1997), 138-41 (Murlo); 149-82 (the Romanization of Etruria) Stoddart, S. - Whitley, J. 'The Social Context of Literacy in Archaic Greece and Etruria', Antiquity 62 (1988), 761-72 Swaddling J. -Prag, J., Seianti Hanunia Tlesnasa. The Story of an Etruscan Noblewoman (2002) Terrenato, N., 'The Romanization of Volaterrae', Journal of Roman Studies 88 (1998), 94-114 Warden, P.G., 'The Colline Metallifere: Prolegomena to the Study of Mineral Exploitation in Central Italy' in T. Hackens et al. eds, Crossroads of the Mediterranean (1984), 349-63 Warden, P.G., ' Poggia Colla: a N Etruscan Settlement of the 7th-2nd c. B.C. (1998-2004 Excavations), Journal of Roman Archaeology 18 (2005), 252-66 Whitehouse, R.D., 'From Secret Society to State Religion: Ritual and Social Organisation in Prehistoric and Protohistoric Italy', in N. Christie ed., Settlement and Economy in Italy 1500- BC - AD 1500 (1995), 83-88 Winter, N.A., 'Gods Walking on the Roof: the Evolution of Terracotta Statuary in Archaic Etruscan Architecture in Light of the Kings of Rome', Journal of Roman Archaeology 18 (2005), 241-51

No Tutorials

MID-SEMESTER BREAK: Monday 19 - Friday 30 September

WEEK 8 (3 - 9 October) a) Caere, an Etruscan city Caere was a Villanovan site which developed into an Etruscan city during the 8th century. It lay about 45 kms from Rome and was built on a plateau which was a naturally defensible site on

- 27 - three sides. The exact extent of the territory of Caere is unknown but unpaved roads linking it to towns within its territory have been discovered. For example, a major road led to the city's seaport at Pyrgi about six kilometres away. Pyrgi has produced important evidence for Caere's importance during the 7th century and for the interaction of Etruscans with Greeks and Phoenicians.

Bibliography: Boitani, F. et al., Etruscan Cities (1975), 159-79 Haynes, S., Etruscan Civilization (2000), 47-99 Holloway, R.R., The Archaeology of Early Rome and Latium (1994), Ch. 12 Izzet, V., 'Etruscan Ritual and the Recent Excavations at Sant'Antonio, Cerveteri', in Accordia Research Papers vol. 8 (1999-2000), 133-48 Nagy, H., 'Divinities in the Context of Sacrifice and Cult on Caeretan Votive Terracottas', in De Puma, R.D. - Small, J.P., Murlo and the Etruscans. Art and Society in Ancient Etruria (1994), 211-223 Serra Ridgway, F., 'Etruscans, Greeks, and Carthaginians: The Sanctuary at Pyrgi', in J.P. Descoeudres ed., Greek Colonists and Native Populations (1990), 512-22 Spivey, N., Etruscan Art (1997), 40-96

See bibliography above (Week 7) also. b) Sailing and trading in the West Mediterranean The first Greeks known to have sailed from East to West across the Mediterranean were Bronze Age traders from the Mycenaean states. Others who followed from the 8th century onwards included Greek traders and settlers from a wide variety of city states. The Phoenicians travelled to the West from further East. The Etruscan cities also traded widely, particularly with the coast of southern Gaul. Shipwreck archaeology has contributed much to our understanding of these early sailors and of commercial activity which motivated them.

Bibliography: Bartoloni, G., 'Populonia: Characteristic Features of a Port Community in Italy During the First Iron Age', in E. Herring et al., Papers of the Fourth Conference of Italian Archaeology vol. 2 (1991), 101-16 Bruni, S., Le navi antiche di Pisa/The Ancient Ships of Pisa (2000) Carpenter, R., 'Pytheas of Massalia', Beyond the Pillars of Hercules (1966), 143-98 Cunliffe, B., The Extraordinary Voyage of Pytheas the Greek (2001) Gill, D.W.J., 'Silver Anchors and Cargoes of Oil: Some Observations on Phoenician Trade in the Western Mediterranean', Papers of the British School at Rome 56 (1988), 1-12 Haynes, S., Etruscan Civilization (2000), 266 Lawall, M., 'Amphoras in the 1990s: In Need of Archaeology', American Journal of Archaeology 105 (2001), 533-37 Osborne, R. 'Pots, Trade and the Archaic Greek Economy', Antiquity 70 (1996), 31-44 Parker, A., Ancient Shipwrecks of the Mediterranean and the Roman Provinces (1992) Pomey, P. 'Reconstruction of Marseilles 6th century BC Greek Ships' in Beltrame, C. ed., Boats, Ships and Shipyards (2003), 57-65 Ridgway, D. 'The Pithekoussai Shipwreck', in J.H. Betts et al. eds, Studies in Honour of T.B.L. Webster vol. 2 (1988), 97-107 Slayman, A., 'A Cache of Vintage Ships', Archaeology (July/August 1999), 36-39 Spivey, N., Etruscan Art (1997), 7-24

- 28 - Visual Resources: The Etruscans: a Broken Journey (video)

Internet Type 'Soleto Map' into www.google.com and you will be offered a range of interesting sites.

Independent Study: Museum Artefact Worksheet 3 - Corinthian pottery

WEEK 9 (10 - 16 September) a) Tarquinia, an Etruscan city, 1 The importance of ancient Tarquinia is evident from the earliest stages of Etruscan civilization. Its position near the sea was very favourable for sea-borne commercial contacts. It also had a well-defined route of access to inland towns of Etruria along the Marta River valley. The archaeological remains of Tarquinia are chiefly funerary. The burial ground known as the Monterozzi cemetery, so-called because it was once filled with a large number of tumuli, was the chief cemetery of Tarquinia.. Many of these tumuli tombs are famous for their richly painted walls.

Bibliography: Boitani, F. et al., Etruscan Cities (1975), 180-213 Haynes, S., Etruscan Civilization (2000), 47-99 Spivey, N., Etruscan Art (1997), 100-19 Torelli, M. 'Funera Tusca: Reality and Representation in Archaic Tarquinian Painting', in B. Bergmann - C. Kondoleon eds, The Art of Ancient Spectacle (1999), 147-61

See bibliography above (Week 7) also. b) Tarquinia, an Etruscan city, 2

Bibliography: See above. See bibliography above (Week 7) also.

Tutorial Discussion 3: Greek Colonization

WEEK 10 (17 - 23 September) a) Greek colonization in the West: an overview The recovery of Greece after the collapse of the Mycenaean palace civilisation c. 1100 was slow and took several centuries to manifest itself widely. As the population of Greece began to expand by c. 800 BC the Greeks from many city-states took to the seas again. There is archaeological evidence from Sicily and southern Italy for the foundation of permanent settlements from the second half of the 8th century onwards. The growth of many of these settlements into wealthy cities may be traced archaeologically. Some of them became so strong that areas where Greek settlement was concentrated in the West later became known as Magna Graecia.

Bibliography: Asheri, D., 'Carthaginians and Greeks', Cambridge Ancient History vol. IV (2nd ed. 1988), 753-80

- 29 - Bennett, M. et al., Magna Graecia. Greek Art from South Italy and Sicily (2002) Boardman, J., The Greeks Overseas. Their Early Colonies and Trade (4th ed. 1999), Ch. 5 Brauer, G.C., Taras. Its History and Coinage (1986) Bullitt, O., Search for Sybaris (1969) Cerchiai, L. et al., The Greek Cities of Magna Graecia and Sicily (2004) De Angelis, F., Megara Hyblaia and Selinous: Two Greek City-States in Archaic Sicily (2003) De Angelis, F., 'Trade and Agriculture at Megara Hyblaia', Oxford Journal of Archaeology 21 (2002), 299-310 De Voto, J.G., 'Two Megarian Colonies in Sicily', Ancient World 36 (2005), 90-106 Di Vita, A., 'Town Planning in the Greek Colonies of Sicily from the Time of their Foundations to the Punic Wars', in J.P. Descoeudres ed., Greek Colonists and Native Populations (1990), 434-63 Dunbabin, T.J., The Greeks in the West. The History of Italy and Sicily from the Foundation of the Greek Colonies until 480 BC (1948) Frederiksen, M., Campania (1984), 85-116 Frederiksen, R., 'From Death to Life. The Cemetery of Fusco and the Reconstruction of Early Colonial Society', in G. Tsetskhladze ed., Ancient Greeks West and East (1999), 229-65 Graham, A.J., 'Megara Hyblaea and the Sicels', in A.J. Graham, Collected Papers on Greek Colonization (2001), 149-64 Graham, A.J., 'Religion, Women and Greek Colonization' , in Collected Papers on Greek Colonization (2001), 327-48 Graham, A.J., Mother City and Colony (2nd ed., 1983) Jeffery, L. H., Archaic Greece: The City States c. 700-500 BC (1976) Malkin, I., 'Exploring the Validity of the Concept of "Foundation"' A Visit to Megara Hyblaia', in V. Gorman - E. Robinson eds, Oikistes. Studies in Constitutions, Colonies, and Military Power in the Ancient World offered in Honor of A.J. Graham (2002), 195-225 Morel, J-P, 'Greek Colonization in Italy and in the West', in T. Hackens et al. eds, Crossroads of the Mediterranean (1984), 123-61 Serrati, J., 'Sicily from pre-Greek times to the Fourth Century', in C.J. Smith - J. Serrati, Sicily from Aeneas to Augustus (2000), 9-14 Shepherd, G., 'Fibulae and Females: Intermarriage in the Western Greek Colonies and the Evidence from the Cemeteries', in G. Tsetskhladze ed., Ancient Greeks West and East (1999), 267-300 Woodhead, A.G., The Greeks in the West (1962) b) Greek Metapontion in southern Italy Strabo, the Greek geographer of the early imperial period reports that Metapontion was initially founded c. 700 BC by the first Achaean colony in the West, Sybaris. This occupation was destroyed by a new wave of colonists from the Achaean homeland in the northern Peloponnese , about fifty or sixty years later. The focus of recent archaeological investigations by an American team at Metapontion has been the territory (chora) of Metapontion and discussions of Metapontion relate primarily to rural life rather than the development of the city. This represents a major difference to the traditional manner of studying Greek colonies in the West.

Bibliography: Carter, J.C., 'A Classical Landscape. Rural Archaeology at Metaponto' Archaeology 33 Jan.-Feb. (1980), 23-32 Carter, J.C., 'Metapontum ¬Land, Wealth, and Population', in J.P. Descoeudres ed., Greek

- 30 - Colonists and Native Populations (1990), 405-41 Carter, J.C., 'The Chora and the Polis of Metaponto;, in F. Krinzinger ed., Die Agais und das westliche Mittlemeer: Beziehungen und Wechselwirkungen, 8. bis 5. Jh. v. Chr. (2000), 81-94 Cerchiai, L. et al., The Greek Cities of Magna Graecia and Sicily (2004), 130-43 Edlund, I.E.M., 'Sacred and Secular: Evidence of Rural Shrines and Industry among Greeks and Etruscans', in T. Hackens et al. eds, Crossroads of the Mediterranean (1984), 277-90 Greco, E., 'Sanctuaries of Magna Graecia and Sicily' in Bennett, M. et al., Magna Graecia. Greek Art from South Italy and Sicily (2002), 98-119

Independent Study: Museum Artefact Worksheet 4 - South Italian pottery

WEEK 11 (24 - 30 September) a) Greek Poseidonia in Campanian Italy Poseidonia, 80 kms south of Naples, became one of the more important Greek cities in Magna Graecia. It was first settled towards the end of the 7th century BC by Greeks who were colonists from the western Greek city of Sybaris. It flourished for some 200 years. Poseidonia's prosperity was fostered by the fact it stood at the end of an overland route by which goods travelled in order to avoid the long sea trip around the toe of Italy and the dangerous Straits of Messina.

Bibliography: Cerchiai, L. et al., The Greek Cities of Magna Graecia and Sicily (2004), 62-81 Hughes, A., 'Comedy in Paestan Vase Painting', Oxford Journal of Archaeology 22 (2003), 281-301 Miles, M., 'Interior Staircases in Western Greek Temples', Memoirs of the American Academy in Rome 43/44 (1998/99), 1-26 Pedley, J., Paestum (1990) Picon, C.A., 'Sculptural Styles of Magna Graecia', in Bennett, M. et al., Magna Graecia. Greek Art from South Italy and Sicily (2002), 68-81 Skele, M., The Poseidonian Chora: Archaic Greeks in the Italic Hinterland (2002) b) Indigenous Italic peoples at Poseidonia Much attention has been given to the Greeks of Southern Italy and Sicily over the years but, until recently, far less attention was paid to the history and culture of the indigenous inhabitants of Italy, or to their relations with the Greek immigrants between the eighth to fourth centuries BC. The Italic peoples of south-central Italy and particularly the Lucanian region around Poseidonia were called Samnites or Lucanians. These names represent a variety of tribal groupings whose language was Oscan. Archaeological research allows the relationship of Greeks and indigenous peoples to be traced reasonably well in some areas, especially at Poseidonia during the late fifth and fourth centuries.

Bibliography: Aguilar, S., 'Dama de Elche: Embodying Greek-Iberian Interaction', in G. Tsetskhladze ed., Ancient Greeks West and East (1999), 331-60 Ammerman, R.M., 'Looking at Lucanians: the Paestum Exhibition', Journal of Roman Archaeology 13 (2000), 419-23. Bradley, G., Ancient Umbria: State, Culture, and Identity in Central Italy from the Iron Age to the Augustan Era (2000) Cambi, F., 'Demography and Romanization in Central Italy' in J. Bintliff - K. Sbonias eds,

- 31 - Reconstructing Past Population Trends in Mediterranean Europe (3000 BC - AD 1800) (1999), 115-27 Dearden, C.W., 'Fourth-Century Tragedy in Sicily: Athenian or Sicilian?', in J.P. Descoeudres ed., Greek Colonists and Native Populations (1990), 231-42 Dominguez, A., 'Hellenisation in Iberia?: the Reception of Greek Products and Influences by the Iberians', in G. Tsetskhladze ed., Ancient Greeks West and East (1999), 301-29 Fentress, E. ed., Romanization and the City (1998) Frederiksen, M., 'The Etruscans in Campania', in D. - F. Ridgway eds, Italy before the Romans: the Iron Age, Orientalizing and Etruscan Periods (1979), 277-311 Frederiksen, M., Campania (1984), 135-57 Gualtieri, M., 'Two Lucanian Burials from Roccagloriosa', in Hackens et al. eds, Crossroads of the Mediterranean (1984),301-29 Herring, E., 'Emblems of Identity' in N. Christie ed., Settlement and Economy in Italy 1500- BC - AD 1500 (1995), 135-42 Herring, E., 'Power Relations in Iron Age Southeast Italy', in E. Herring et al., Papers of the Fourth Conference of Italian Archaeology vol. 2 (1991), 117-33 Horsnaes, H.W., 'Romanization at Paestum in the Third Century B.C.', Journal of Roman Archaeology 17 (2004), 304-311 Hughes, A. 'Comedy in Paestan Vase Painting', Oxford Journal of Archaeology 22 (2003), 281-301 Leighton, R., 'Indigenous Society between the Ninth and Sixth Centuries BC: Territorial, Urban and Social Evolution', in C.J. Smith - J. Serrati, Sicily from Aeneas to Augustus (2000), 15-40 Lobell, J.A., 'A Warrior's Tomb', Archaeology Mar.-Apr.57 (2004), 36-37. Lomas, K., 'Roman Imperialism and the City in Italy', in R. Laurence - J. Berry eds, Cultural Identity in the Roman Empire (1998), 64-78 Lomas, K., Roman Italy 338 BC - AD 200. A Sourcebook (1996), 31-48 Lomas, K., Rome and the Western Greeks 350 BC-AD 200: Conquest and Acculturation in Southern Italy (1993), 161-87 Oakley, S.P., Hill-Forts of the Samnites (1995) Pedley, J., Paestum (1990) Salmon, E.T., Samnium and the Samnites (1967) Salmon, E.T., 'The Iron Age: the Peoples of Italy I. Apulia and its Peoples', Cambridge Ancient History IV (2nd ed. 1988), 676-90 Salmon, E.T., 'The Iron Age: the Peoples of Italy III. The Italic Expansion', Cambridge Ancient History IV (2nd ed. 1988), 699-715 Schneider-Herrmann, G., Samnites of the Fourth century BC as depicted on Campanian Vases and in Other Sources (1996) Sestieri, P.C., 'A New Painted Tomb at Paestum', Archaeology 12, Jan-Feb. (1959), 33-37 Skele, M., The Poseidonian Chora: Archaic Greeks in the Italic Hinterland (2002) Smith, C.J., 'Medea in Italy: Barter and Exchange in the Archaic Mediterranean', in G. Tsetskhladze ed., Ancient Greeks West and East (1999), 179-206 Terrenato, N., 'Tam Firmum Municipium: The Romanization of Volaterrae and its Cultural Implications', Journal of Roman Studies 88 (1998) 94-114 Trendall, A.D., 'Farce and Tragedy in South Italian Vase-Painting', in T. Rasmussen - N. Spivey eds, Looking at Greek Vases (1991), 151-82 Trendall, A.D., 'On the Divergence of South Italian from Attic Red-figure Vase-painting', in J.P. Descoeudres ed., Greek Colonists and Native Populations (1990), 217-230 Trendall, A.D., Paestan Pottery: a Study of the Red-Figured Vases of Paestum (1936) Trendall, A.D., Red-Figure Vases of South Italy and Sicily (1989)

- 32 - Trillmich, C.B., 'Elea: Problems of the Relationship between City and Territory, and of Urban Organization in the Archaic Period', in J.P. Descoeudres ed., Greek Colonists and Native Populations (1990), 365-71

Tutorial Discussion 4: South Italian Pottery

WEEK 12 (31 October - 6 November) a) Pompeii's foundation and early development The origins of settlement at Pompeii are shrouded in mystery. Archaeological evidence in two areas of the city has recently altered the previous understanding of Pompeii's history. It is suggested that because the earliest material from Pompeii relates to ritual activity the site's first attraction was as a sanctuary. Perhaps around the second half of the 7th century, the area around the sanctuaries began to be settled by local Italic people who spoke Oscan. From the first half of the 6th century, Greek influence at the site was strong and around fifty years later, the Etruscans too may have exerted economic or political control. Exploration of layers below the AD 79 surfaces at Pompeii is now one of the research priorities of archaeologists as a better understanding of the history of the site is sought.

Bibliography: Ammerman, R.M., 'New Evidence for the Worship of Athena at the Doric Temple in Pompeii's Triangular Forum', review, Journal of Roman Archaeology 17 (2004), 531-36 Carafa, P. 'What was Pompeii Before 200 BC? Excavations in the House of Joseph II, in the Triangular Forum and in the House of the Wedding of Hercules; ', in S.E. Bon -R. Jones eds, Sequence and Space in Pompeii (1997), 13-31 Carafa, P., 'The investigations of the University of Rome "La Sapienza" in Regions VII and VIII: the Ancient History of Pompeii', in McGinn, T. et al. eds, Pompeian Brothels, Pompeii's Ancient History, Mirrors and Mysteries, Art and Nature at Oplontis, & the Herculaneum 'Basilica', Journal of Roman Archaeology Suppl 4 (2002), 47-61 Carroll, M. - Godden, D. 'The Sanctuary of Apollo at Pompeii: Reconsidering Chronologies and Excavation History', American Journal of Archaeology 104 (2000), 743-54 Coarelli, P. ed., Pompeii (transl. P.A. Cockram, 2002)- good illustrations; text is in German Cooley, A., Pompeii (2003) Cooley, A. - Cooley, M.G.L., Pompeii. A Sourcebook (2004) Descoeudres, J.-P., Pompeii Revisited. The Life and Death of a Roman Town (1994) Dickmann, J-A., 'The peristyle and the Transformation of Domestic Space in Hellenistic Pompeii', in R. Laurence - A. Wallace-Hadrill eds, Domestic Space in the Roman World: Pompeii and Beyond (1997), 121-136 Dobbins, J.J. et al., 'Excavations in the Sanctuary of Apollo at Pompeii 1997', American Journal of Archaeology 102 (1998), 739-56 Frederiksen, M., 'The Greeks in Campania', Campania (1984), 85-133 Frederiksen, M. 'The Etruscans in Campania', in D. - F. Ridgway eds, Italy before the Romans: the Iron Age, Orientalizing and Etruscan Periods (1979), 277-311 Grahame, M., 'Public and Private in the Roman House: Investigating the Social Order of the Casa del Fauno', in R. Laurence - A. Wallace-Hadrill eds, Domestic Space in the Roman World: Pompeii and Beyond (1997), 137-64 Hillard, T. ' AD 79: the Other Accounts', Ancient History: Resources for Teachers 35.1 (2005), 1-36 Jones, R., 'Pompeii's Block', Archaeology 56 (2003), 22-27 Jones, R. - Robinson, D., 'The Structural Development of the House of the Vestals (VI.i.6-8,

- 33 - 24-26)', in Guzzo, P - Guidobaldi, M.P. eds, Nuove Ricerche Archeologiche a Pompei ed Ercolano (2005), 257-69 Jones, R. - Robinson, D., 'The Economic Development of the Commercial Triangle (VI.i.14-18, 20-21)', in Guzzo, P - Guidobaldi, M.P. eds, Nuove Ricerche Archeologiche a Pompei ed Ercolano (2005), 270-77 Ling, R. Pompeii: History, Life and Afterlife (2005) Nappo, S., 'The Urban Transformation at Pompeii in the Late Third and Early Second Centuries B.C.', in R. Laurence - A. Wallace-Hadrill eds, Domestic Space in the Roman World: Pompeii and Beyond (1997), 91-120 Nappo., S., Pompeii Guide to the Lost City (1998) Wallace-Hadrill, A., 'Excavation and Standing Structures in Pompeii Insula I.9', in Guzzo, P - Guidobaldi, M.P. eds, Nuove Ricerche Archeologiche a Pompei ed Ercolano (2005),101-19 Zanker, P. (transl. D.L. Schneider), Pompeii. Public and Private Life (1998) b) Roman Pompeii, 1 Pompeii became a Roman colony soon after 80 BC and thereby lost its political independence. Henceforth both the town's layout and individual architectural constructions reveal the influence of Rome. Because of the eruption of Mount Vesuvius and Pompeii's wholesale burial, the city offers a unique opportunity to develop new types of projects for studying archaeological remains. The use of imaginative new archaeologically-based models of socio-economic development represent two contemporary approaches to understanding the history of the site better.

Bibliography: Allison, P. 'Artefact Distribution and Spatial Function in Pompeian Houses', in B. Rawson - P. Weaver eds, The Roman Family in Italy: Status, Sentiment and Space (1997), 321-54 Allison, P. 'The Relationship between Wall Decoration and Room-type', Journal of Roman Archaeology 5 (1992), 235-249 Allison, P. Pompeian Households: An Analysis of the Material Culture (2004) Allison, P., 'Roman households: an archaeological perspective' in H. Parkins ed., Roman Urbanism. Beyond the Consumer City (1997), 112-46 Berry, J., 'Household Artefacts: Towards a Re-interpretation of Roman Domestic Space', in R. Laurence - A. Wallace-Hadrill eds, Domestic Space in the Roman World: Pompeii and Beyond (1997), 183-195 Charbonneaux, J. et al., Hellenistic Art: 330-50 BC (1973) Cooley, A., 'The Survival of Oscan in Roman Pompeii', A. Cooley - A. Burnett eds, Becoming Roman, Writing Latin, Journal of Roman Archaeology Supplement 48 (2002), 77-86 Dobbins, J.J., 'Problems of Chronology, Decoration, and Urban Design in the Forum at Pompeii', American Journal of Archaeology 98 (1994), 629-94 Dobbins, J.J. 'The Pompeii Forum Project 1994-95', in S.E. Bon -R. Jones eds, Sequence and Space in Pompeii (1997), 73-87 Dobbins, J.J. - Ball, L.F., 'The Pompeii Forum Project', in Guzzo, P - Guidobaldi, M.P. eds, Nuove Ricerche Archeologiche a Pompei ed Ercolano (2005), 60-72 Dunbabin, K.D., Mosaics of the Greek and Roman World (1999) Ellis, S., 'The Distribution of Bars at Pompeii: archaeological, spatial and Viewshed Analyses', Journal of Roman Archaeology 17 (2004), 371-84 Frederiksen, M., Campania (1984),319-58 Foss, P., 'Watchful Lares: Roman household Organization and the Rituals of Cooking and Dining', in R. Laurence - A. Wallace-Hadrill eds, Domestic Space in the Roman World: Pompeii

- 34 - and Beyond (1997), 196-218 Franklin, J.L., Pompeii: the Electoral Programmata, Campaigns and Politics, AD 71-79 (1980) Grahame, M., 'Public and Private in the Roman House: Investigating the Social Order of the Casa del Fauno', in R. Laurence - A. Wallace-Hadrill eds, Domestic Space in the Roman World: Pompeii and Beyond (1997), 137-64 Grahame, M., 'Material Culture and Roman Identity. The Spatial Layout of Pompeian Houses and the Problem of Ethnicity', in R. Laurence - J. Berry eds, Cultural Identity in the Roman Empire (1998), 156-78 Grahame, M., 'Recent Developments in Pompeian Archaeology', Journal of Roman Archaeology 12 (1999), 567-75. Grahame, M., Reading Space: Social Interaction and Identity in the Houses of Roman Pompeii. A Syntactical Approach to the Analysis and Interpretation of Built Space (2000) Harris, J. -Schuster, A.M.H., 'The Lap of Luxury', Archaeology (May/June 2001), 30-35 Jones, R. - Robinson, D. 'Water, Wealth, and Social Status at Pompeii: The House of the Vestals in the First Century', American Journal of Archaeology 109 (2005), 695-710 Jones, R. -Robinson, D., 'The Making of an Elite House: the House of the Vestals at Pompeii', Journal of Roman Archaeology 17 (2004), 107-30 Jongman, W., The Economy and Society of Pompeii (1988) Keenan, D., 'Water Supply and Wastewater Disposal in Pompeii: An Overview', Ancient History: Resources for Teachers 34.2 (2004), 149-58 Koloski-Ostrow, A.O. et al., 'Water in the Roman Town: New Research from Cura Aquarum and the Frontinus Society', Journal of Roman Archaeology 10 (1997), 181-91 Laurence, R. 'The Organization of Space in Pompeii', in Cornell, T.J. - Lomas, K. eds, Urban Society in Roman Italy (1995), 63-78 Laurence, R., Roman Pompeii Space and Society (1994) Ling, R., 'The Villa San Marco at Stabiae and Other Work on Paintings Buried by Vesuvius', review article, Journal of Roman Archaeology 15 (2002), 445-49 Ling, R. Pompeii: History, Life and Afterlife (2005) Ling, R. Roman Painting (1991) Ling, R., 'Pompeii and Herculaneum: Recent Research and Future Prospects', in H.McK. Blake et al., Papers in Italian Archaeology, Part i (1978),153-67 McGinn, T., ' Pompeian Brothels and Social History', in T. McGinn et al. eds, Pompeian Brothels, Pompeii's Ancient History, Mirrors and Mysteries, Art and Nature at Oplontis, & the Herculaneum 'Basilica', Journal of Roman Archaeology Suppl 47 (2002), 7-46 Moormann, E., 'Pompeii's Proprietors and Tenants Under One Roof', review article, Journal of Roman Archaeology 15 (2002), 429-38 Mouritsen, H., Elections, Magistrates and Municipal Elite. Studies in Pompeian Epigraphy (1988) Pirson, F., 'Rented Accommodation at Pompeii: the Evidence of the Insula Arriana Polliana VI 6', in R. Laurence - A. Wallace-Hadrill eds, Domestic Space in the Roman World: Pompeii and Beyond (1997), 165-82 Parkins, H., 'The "Consumer City" Domesticated? The Roman City in Elite economic Strategies', in H. Parkins ed., Roman Urbanism. Beyond the Consumer City (1997), 83-108 Pont, J., 'Current Research in Pompeii: The Nature, Documentation and Use of Archaeological Evidence', Ancient History: Resources for Teachers 34.2 (2004), 159-69 Raper, R.A., 'The Analysis of the Urban Structure of Pompeii: A Sociological Examination of Land Use (Semi-micro), in D.L. Clarke ed., Spatial Archaeology (1977), 189-221 Robinson, D.J., 'The Social Texture of Pompeii', in S.E. Bon -R. Jones eds, Sequence and Space in Pompeii (1997), 135-44

- 35 - Salmon, E.T., Roman Colonization Under the Republic (1969) Taylor, R., 'Reading' Space in the Houses of Pompeii's Regio VI", review article in Journal of Roman Archaeology 15 (2002), 439-444 Varone, A. (transl. R.P. Berg, revised D. Harward - R. Ling), Erotica Pompeiana: Love Inscriptions on the Walls of Pompeii (2002) Wallace-Hadrill, A., 'The Social Spread of Roman Luxury: Sampling Pompeii and Herculaneum', Papers of the British School at Rome 50 (1990), 145-92 Wallace-Hadrill, A., 'Public Honour and Private Shame: the Urban Texture of Pompeii', in Cornell, T.J. - Lomas, K. eds, Urban Society in Roman Italy (1995), 39-62 Wallace-Hadrill, A., 'Rethinking the Roman Atrium House', in R. Laurence - A. Wallace-Hadrill eds, Domestic Space in the Roman World: Pompeii and Beyond (1997), 219-40 Wallace-Haddrill, A., 'Elites and Trade in the Roman Town', in J. Rich - A. Wallace-Haddrill eds, City and Country in the Ancient World (1991), 241-72 Wallace-Haddrill, A., Houses and Society in Pompeii and Herculaneum (1994) Zanker, P. (transl. D.L. Schneider), Pompeii: Public and Private Life (1998)

Tutorial Discussion 5: Roman Pompeii

WEEK 13 (7 - 13 November) a) Roman Pompeii, 2 b) Pompeii: ecology and economy New archaeological research is constantly offering fresh perspectives on the ecology of Pompeii at different stages of the city's development. Environmental archaeologists are particularly concerned with three interrelated topics: the urban economy; the environmental context of the city, and the nature and use of the surrounding landscape, including the entire Campanian region. Environmental research is essential for understanding Pompeii because the walls of the city did not mark the limit of city life. Moreover, it is difficult to study Pompeii's economy without giving thought to the city's surroundings, because the hinterland probably supplied the bulk of the food, fuels and other natural resources for the townspeople.

Bibliography: Bergmann, B., 'Art and Nature in the Villa at Oplontis', in McGinn, T. et al. eds, Pompeian Brothels, Pompeii's Ancient History, Mirrors and Mysteries, Art and Nature at Oplontis, & the Herculaneum 'Basilica', Journal of Roman Archaeology Suppl 47 (2002) 87-121 Guzzo, P.G., ed., Tales From An Eruption. Pompeii, Herculaneum, Oplontis. Guide to the Exhibition (2003) Jashemski, W. F. -Meyer, F.G. eds, The Natural History of Pompeii (2002) - not MUL, but see review in Journal of Roman Archaeology 18 (2005), 607-12 Jashemski, W. F.,, The Gardens of Pompeii, Herculaneum and the Villas Destroyed by Vesuvius (1979) Jongman, W., The Economy and Society of Pompeii (1988) Moeller, W.O., The Wool Trade of Ancient Pompeii (1976) Richardson, J. et al., 'New Directions in Economic and Environmental Research at Pompeii', in S.E. Bon -R. Jones eds, Sequence and Space in Pompeii (1997), 88-101 Rossiter, J.J., 'Pressing Issues: Wine- and Oil-Production', Journal of Roman Archaeology 11 (1998), review, 596-602

No Tutorials

- 36 - POLICIES AND PROCEDURES

Macquarie students are expected to read and comply with the University plagiarism policy (located at http://www.student.mq.edu.au/plagiarism/).

In addition, students can access other relevant policies at Policy Central ( http://www.mq.edu.au/policy/). Relevant policies include:

Assessment policy Unit guide policy Special consideration policy

FEEDBACK

Feedback and unit evaluation The Faculty of Arts values student feedback and seeks to continually improve its teaching. At present, the Faculty collects student feedback in two ways:

1. Anonymous evaluation surveys which are disseminated at the completion of each unit. 2. Student feedback meetings which are held twice a year in the Faculty of Arts. These meetings are advertised on campus and all students are encouraged to attend.

Changes based on student feedback Based on feedback obtained from past students, this unit has been adapted in the following way(s): According to past evaluations of this unit, we have set an enhancement priority for this semester. These are

1) To help students follow up special interests from books and articles recommended in the weekly bibliographies and readily available in the university library, 2) To familiarize students with the methodological and cultural aspects of a range of topics in Italian archaeology, and 3) To enhance student confidence about using archaeological evidence for their own research and for assessing the conclusions of others.

- 37 - UNIT SCHEDULE

Week Date Lecture Tutorial Assessment

1 Week 1. Introduction to the None None beginning Unit 1 August 2. Developments in Italian Archaeology, I 2 Week 1. Developments in Explanation of tutorial None beginning Italian Archaeology, II program. Attendance is 8 August 2.The Late Bronze Age: compulsory. indigenous cultures and the Mycenaeans, I 3 Week 1. The Late Bronze Age: Topic 1 (A) - None beginning indigenous cultures and independent study: 15 August the Mycenaeans, II Mycenaean pottery 2. The Early Iron Age: the Villanovan phase, I 4 Week 1. The Early Iron Age: Topic 1 (B) - tutorial Participation and beginning the Villanovan phase, II discussion: the worksheet 1 22 August 2. Early Rome, I Mycenaeans 5 Week 1. Early Rome, II Topic 2 (A) - None beginning 2. Pithecusae - an early independent study: 29 August Greek settlement,I Etruscan pottery 6 Week 1. Pithecusae - an early Topic 2 (B) - tutorial Participation and beginning Greek settlement, II discussion: the worksheet 2 5 2. Phoenicians in the Etruscans September West, I 7 Week 1. Phoenicians in the None None beginning West, II 12 2. Etruscan civilisation: September an overview Mid Semester Break: 19 - 30 September

8 Week 1. Etruscan Caere Topic 3 (A) - Essay due beginning 2. Sailing and trading in independent study: (Friday, 4.00 4 October the West Mediterranean Corinthian pottery p.m., Unit Assignment Dropbox) 9 Week 1. Etruscan Tarquinia, 1 Topic 3 (B) - tutorial Participation and beginning 2. Etruscan Tarquinia, 2 discussion: Greek worksheet 3 10 October colonisation 10 Week 1. Greek colonisation in Topic 4 (A) - None beginning the West: an overview independent study:

- 38 - 17 October 2. Greek Metapontion in South Italian pottery southern Italy 11 Week 1. Greek Poseidonia in Topic 4 (B) - tutorial Participation and beginning Campanian Italy discussion: Comic worksheet 4 24 October 2. Indigenous Italic traditions and peoples at Poseidonia acculturation in southern Italy 12 Week 1. Pompeii's foundation Topic 5 - Roman Participation beginning and early development Pompeii 31 October 2. Roman Pompeii, 1 13 Week 1. Roman Pompeii, 2 None None beginning 2. Pompeii's ecology 7 November and economy

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