Spanish Airports Performance and Efficiency Benchmark a Pesa-Agb Study

UNIVERSIDADE DA BEIRA INTERIOR Engenharia SPANISH AIRPORTS PERFORMANCE AND EFFICIENCY BENCHMARK A PESA-AGB STUDY Pablo Martínez Ferrer Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Aeronáutica (2º ciclo de estudos) Orientador: Prof. Doutor Jorge Miguel dos Reis Silva Covilhã, Julho de 2019 ii iii iv Dedicatory To my mother and all the people of Guadalix, without their support, love, and encouragement, I would not have been able to finish my studies, and for that, I am very grateful. v vi Acknowledgements I want to thank all the people who have cared and helped me to finish this Master Thesis. First, I want to thank Maria Baltazar for the treatment I received. Always willing to help with a lot of patience and sympathy. I also want to thank Professor Jorge Miguel Reis Silva, for his great welcome at the NIT and for having shared his knowledge with me. Third, I want to thank my mother, thanks to her; I was able to contact the staff of Valencia Airport. I also want to thank Adriana Baixeras, Andrea Blázquez, Juan Martínez and Antonio De Giovanni for having made the English corrections on the Thesis. Moreover, finally, I want to thank my faithful classmates: María Reyertas and Juanjo García. Without them, I could not have finished this Thesis. vii viii Abstract Spanish air transportation system is growing annually. In 2018, Spanish Airports belonging to AENA transported 263,753,406 passengers and compared to 2017 increased by 5.8%. For these reasons, it is essential to maintain high levels of quality and improve airports performance and efficiency to address such demand. Through this study, performance and efficiency improvements are sought within several airport key areas such as Core, Safety and Security, Quality Service, Productivity and Effectiveness, Financial, and Environment. This study uses an MCDA tool to analyse and improves Spanish airports performance and efficiency. Thus, a holistic study using MACBETH (with PESA-AGB) is used. For the choice of airports, we have divided Spain into four quadrants, and for each quadrant, we have selected an airport: Adolfo Suárez Madrid - Barajas, Josep Tarradellas Barcelona - El Prat, Valencia, and Sevilla. The choice of these four airports is because AENA is a centralised organisation and therefore, for our study to be real, there must be large and small airports. The purpose of this study is to have a vision about the performance and efficiency external (Peer-Benchmarking) and internal (Self-Benchmarking) of these airports, analyse the results and propose improvement measures. As far as is known, this study has never been applied before in Spanish airports. Keywords: Spanish Airports, Benchmarking, MCDA-MACBETH, Airport Performance, Airport Efficiency. ix x Resumo O sistema de transporte aéreo espanhol está crescendo anualmente. Em 2018, os aeroportos espanhóis pertencentes à AENA transportaram 263.753.406 passageiros e, em comparação com 2017, aumentaram 5,8%. Por essa razão, é importante manter altos níveis de qualidade e melhorar o desempenho e eficiência dos aeroportos para atender a essa procura. Por meio deste estudo, são procuradas melhorias de desempenho e eficiência em várias áreas-chave do aeroporto, como “Core”, Segurança (Safety e Security), Qualidade de Serviço, Produtividade e Eficiência, Financeira, e Meio Ambiente. Este estudo utiliza a ferramenta MCDA para analisar e melhorar o desempenho e a eficiência dos aeroportos espanhóis. Assim, é usado um estudo holístico recorrendo ao MACBETH (com PESA-AGB). Para a escolha dos aeroportos, selecionámos dividimos Espanha em 4 quadrantes e em cada quadrante selecionámos um aeroporto: Adolfo Suárez Madrid - Barajas, Josep Tarradellas Barcelona - El Prat, Valência e Sevilha. A escolha destes 4 aeroportos é porque a AENA é uma organização centralizada e, portanto, para que o nosso estudo seja real, deve haver grandes e pequenos aeroportos envolvidos nele. O objetivo deste estudo é ter uma visão sobre o desempenho e a eficiência externos (Peer- Benchmarking) e internos (Self-Benchmarking) desses aeroportos, observar os resultados e propor medidas de melhoria. Tanto quanto se sabe, este estudo nunca foi aplicado antes em aeroportos espanhóis. Palavras Chave: Aeroportos Espanhóis, Benchmarking, MCDA-MACBETH, Desempenho do Aeroporto, Eficiência do Aeroporto. xi xii Table of Contents DEDICATORY ________________________________________________________________ V ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS _______________________________________________________ VII ABSTRACT _________________________________________________________________ IX RESUMO ___________________________________________________________________ XI TABLE OF CONTENTS ________________________________________________________ XIII LIST OF FIGURES ____________________________________________________________XVII LIST OF TABLES _____________________________________________________________ XXI LIST OF ACRONYMS ________________________________________________________ XXV CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION ___________________________________________________ 1 1.1 MOTIVATION _____________________________________________________________ 1 1.2 OBJECT AND OBJECTIVES _____________________________________________________ 2 1.3 METHODOLOGY OF ANALYSIS __________________________________________________ 2 1.4 DISSERTATION STRUCTURE ____________________________________________________ 4 CHAPTER 2 – SPANISH AIRPORTS PERFORMANCE AND EFFICIENCY _____________________ 5 2.1 INTRODUCTION ____________________________________________________________ 5 2.2 METHODOLOGY ___________________________________________________________ 5 2.3 SPANISH AIRPORTS _________________________________________________________ 9 2.3.1 AENA AIRPORTS _________________________________________________________ 9 2.3.2 PASSENGERS AND TONNES TRANSPORTED BY THE MAJOR SPANISH AIRPORT ________________ 11 2.3.3 SPANISH AIRPORT BY QUADRANT _____________________________________________ 12 Josep Tarradellas Barcelona-El Prat Airport - 1st Quadrant ___________________ 13 xiii Adolfo Suárez Madrid-Barajas Airport - 2nd Quadrant _______________________ 15 SEVILLA AIRPORT - 3TH QUADRANT __________________________________________ 17 VALENCIA AIRPORT - 4TH QUADRANT _________________________________________ 19 2.4 BENCHMARKING __________________________________________________________ 21 2.5 MACBETH _____________________________________________________________ 22 2.5.1 MATHEMATICAL PROCESS DEFINED BY BANA E COSTA _________________________ 23 ORDINAL VALUE SCALE _______________________________________________ 23 VALUE DIFFERENCE SCALE _____________________________________________ 23 THEORETICAL ASPECTS _______________________________________________ 24 DETERMINATION OF THE WEIGHT _______________________________________ 24 2.6 PERFORMANCE AND EFFICIENCY SUPPORT ANALYSIS FOR AIRPORT GLOBAL BENCHMARKING (PESA – AGB) 24 2.7 AIRPORTS PERFORMANCE ________________________________________________ 25 2.8 AIRPORTS EFFICIENCY ____________________________________________________ 28 2.9 CONCLUSION ____________________________________________________________ 32 CHAPTER 3 – CASE STUDIES ____________________________________________________ 33 3.1 INTRODUCTION ___________________________________________________________ 33 3.2 METHOD OF CARRYING OUT THE STUDY __________________________________________ 33 3.2.1 OBTAINING DATA ________________________________________________________ 33 3.2.2 MACBETH SELF-BENCHMARKING ____________________________________________ 36 3.2.3 MACBETH PEER-BENCHMARKING ____________________________________________ 43 3.3 CASE I – SPANISH AIRPORTS SELF-BENCHMARKING STUDY ____________________________ 48 3.3.1 AIRPORT 1 - ADOLFO SUÁREZ MADRID (BARAJAS). PARTIAL DATA ANALYSIS ________________ 48 3.3.2 AIRPORT 2 - JOSEP TARRADELLAS BARCELONA (EL PRAT). PARTIAL DATA ANALYSIS ____________ 62 3.3.3 AIRPORT 3 – VALENCIA. PARTIAL DATA ANALYSIS __________________________________ 76 3.3.4 AIRPORT 4 – SEVILLA. PARTIAL DATA ANALYSIS ____________________________________ 90 3.4 CASE II – SPANISH AIRPORTS PEER-BENCHMARKING STUDY __________________________ 104 AIRPORT 1, AIRPORT 2, AIRPORT 3, AIRPORT 4. ________________________________________ 104 3.5 CONCLUSION ___________________________________________________________ 118 xiv CHAPTER 4 – CONCLUSIONS __________________________________________________ 121 4.1 DISSERTATION SYNTHESIS ___________________________________________________ 121 4.2 CONCLUDING REMARKS ____________________________________________________ 122 4.3 PROSPECTS FOR FUTURE WORK ______________________________________________ 123 REFERENCES _______________________________________________________________ 125 ANNEX I – MATRIX OF JUDGMENTS OF SPECIALISTS _______________________________ 131 ANNEX II – AIRPORTS DATA __________________________________________________ 135 ANNEX III - KPIS ____________________________________________________________ 147 ANNEX IV – SCIENTIFIC ARTICLES ACCEPTED FOR PRESENTATION AND/OR PUBLICATION _ 153 xv xvi List of Figures Figure 1.1 - Methodology of Analysis Process ............................................................. 3 Figure 2.1 - Spanish Airport Passengers 2018 ........................................................... 10 Figure 2.2 – Passengers Distribution by markets ....................................................... 12 Figure 2.3 – Spanish Peninsula Quadrant Division and Airports ...................................... 13 Figure 2.4 - Barcelona-El Prat airport aerial photo ...................................................

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