Final Report 2016

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Final Report 2016 Evidenced-based approach to the design and redevelopment of inclusive technology enhanced learning environments Final report 2016 Lead institution: University of South Australia Partner institutions: Australian National University Media Access Australia Queensland University of Technology The University of Adelaide Project leader: Professor Denise Wood, Project Leader, University of South Australia and Central Queensland University Report Authors: Professor Denise Wood, Project Leader, University of South Australia and Central Queensland University Dr Sheila Scutter, University of South Australia Ms Renette Viljoen, Central Queensland University Project website: http://www.responsive-learning.org Project coordinator: Dr Sheila Scutter, University of South Australia Project team members: Dr Leanne Glenny, University of South Australia Dr Collette Snowden, University of South Australia Associate Professor Deirdre Tedmanson, University of South Australia Dr Tina Du, University of South Australia Mr Bruce Underwood, University of South Australia Ms Tracey Johnson, University of South Australia Professor Noel Lindsay, The University of Adelaide Professor Helen Partridge, formerly Queensland University of Technology Ms Julie Harrison, Australian National University Dr Scott Hollier, Media Access Australia Ms Renette Viljoen, Central Queensland University Collaborators: Professor Jutta Treviranus, Ontario College of Art and Design Professor Gregg Vanderheiden, Trace Centre, University of Wisconsin-Madison PhD Student: Mr Lindsley Abadia, University of South Australia Evidenced-based approach to the design and redevelopment of inclusive technology enhanced learning environments 2 | P a g e Support for the production of this report has been provided by the Australian Government Department of Education and Training. The views expressed in this report do not necessarily reflect the views of the Australian Government Department of Education and Training. With the exception of the Commonwealth Coat of Arms, and where otherwise noted, all material presented in this document is provided under Creative Commons Attribution- ShareAlike 4.0 International License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/. The details of the relevant licence conditions are available on the Creative Commons website (accessible using the links provided) as is the full legal code for the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode. Requests and inquiries concerning these rights should be addressed to: Higher Education Program Management Quality and Access Branch Higher Education Group Australian Government Department of Education and Training GPO Box 9880 Location code C50MA7 CANBERRA ACT 2601 <[email protected]> 2017 ISBN 978-1-76051-321-4 [PDF] ISBN 978-1-76051-322-1 [DOCX] ISBN 978-1-76051-323-8 [PRINT] Acknowledgements The project team acknowledges the support of the Australian Government through its Office for Learning and Teaching (OLT1), now part of Department of Education and Training for their ongoing guidance throughout the project. We also acknowledge the support of Central Queensland University (CQU), which provided funding enabling the project team to extend the project by incorporating case studies from accessibility and usability testing of six courses at that university. CQU also made available their open online course (OOC) for delivery of training materials on inclusive design that have been developed through this project. In particular, we acknowledge the contributions of Renette Viljoen, Jenny Wang and Colin Beer who undertook testing at the university and Renette in particular for assisting in the development of the framework for inclusive design of technology enhanced learning (TEL) developed through the project and also developing the OOC, which has been an additional deliverable from the project that was not originally envisaged in the initial grant application. Several academics who were not project team members also contributed to the project by providing access to their courses for accessibility and usability testing at our partner universities. These academics included: Mr. Jeremey Smith (Australian National University) Ms Wendy Flannagan (Central Queensland University) Dr. Brad Smith (Central Queensland University) Dr. Kerry April (Central Queensland University) Dr Yateendra Mishra (Queensland University of Technology) Dr. Edward Palmer (University of Adelaide) Mr Charles Morris was appointed as developer and he integrated the two responsive accessibility solutions into Moodle test sites and also assisted in the development of an open source usability and accessibility testing tool for use by academics wishing to test their courses with their students or have their courses peer reviewed by colleagues to ensure their courses are accessible and usable for students from diverse backgrounds. We also acknowledge the support of our international collaborators including Professor Gregg Vanderheiden (Director, Trace Rehabilitation Centre, University of Wisconsin- Madison) and Professor Jutta Treviranus (Director, Inclusive Design Research Centre, The Ontario College of Art and Design University, (OCAD) University) whose work informed the trial and implementation of the Flexible Learning for Open Education (FLOE) accessibility solution integrated into the test server Moodle Learning Management System. FLOE is a 1 The OLT ceased on 30 June 2016. Evidenced-based approach to the design and redevelopment of inclusive technology enhanced learning environments 4 | P a g e project of the Global Public Inclusive Infrastructure initiative (GPII) through the Inclusive Design Research Centre, OCAD University. We also thank our independent evaluator for this project, Professor Natalie Brown from the University of Tasmania for contributing her expertise to the evaluation of the project. Finally, we thank the many universities that agreed to host our workshops including: Australian National University (ANU) Central Queensland University (CQU) Charles Darwin University (CDU) Edith Cowan University (ECU) Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) University of South Australia (UniSA) University of Tasmania (UTAS) Evidenced-based approach to the design and redevelopment of inclusive technology enhanced learning environments 5 | P a g e List of acronyms used AIDE Accessible and Inclusive Design for Education ANU Australian National University CQU Central Queensland University DRUM Diagnostic Recorder for Usability Measurement ECU Edith Cowan University FLOE Flexible Learning Open Education GPII Global Public Inclusive Infrastructure ISO International Organization for Standardization LMS Learning Management Systems MAA Media Access Australia OCAD U The Ontario College of Art and Design University OOC Open Online Course OLT Australian Government Office for Learning and Teaching Evidenced-based approach to the design and redevelopment of inclusive technology enhanced learning environments 6 | P a g e PLE Personalised Learning Environment QUT Queensland University of Technology RLS Responsive Learning System RMIT Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology TEL Technology Enhanced Learning UniSA University of South Australia UDI Universal Design of Instruction UDL Universal Design for Learning UTAS University of Tasmania WAI Web Accessibility Initiative W3C World Wide Web Consortium WCAG Web Content Accessibility Guidelines Evidenced-based approach to the design and redevelopment of inclusive technology enhanced learning environments 7 | P a g e Executive summary This project aimed to produce research into effective strategies for inclusive online learning and teaching across a range of disciplinary areas, and to develop a framework, guidelines and resources based on international standards, that could guide academic staff in the development and practice of inclusive technology enhanced (TEL) curricula. Aims and objectives The specific aims of the project were to: demonstrate the benefits of an evidence-based approach to the design of inclusive TEL environments; provide guidelines for academics on the design and redevelopment of inclusive TEL curricula; and develop a prototype of an open source accessibility solution that adapts to student needs by delivering content that is personalised to meet their individual accessibility needs and learning preferences within learning management systems (LMS). The objectives were to: guide academics in the design and redevelopment of their courses through an evidence-based approach to inclusive teaching and learning; encourage and raise awareness of personalised learning through the collection of exemplars based on trials of a personalised, responsive learning approach to the delivery of inclusive TEL curricula across disciplinary fields; affirm the work of academics already active in the field by providing them with the opportunity to showcase their initiatives in personalising the learning experience of their students; and facilitate discussion within and between a wide-range of disciplines leading to review of current practices in effective strategies for personalising the learning experience of students. Project outputs The project led to the achievement of the following deliverables: A comprehensive review of the relevant literature, usability and accessibility guidelines, evaluation tools and assistive software solutions. The review provided the foundation for developing
Recommended publications
  • Authoring Tool Accessibility Guidelines 1.0 †Working Draft‡
    Authoring Tool Accessibility Guidelines 1.0 (working draft) Authoring Tool Accessibility Guidelines 1.0 (working draft) W3C Working Draft 13-July-1999 This version: http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/WAI-AUTOOLS-19990713 (plain text, HTML gzip tar archive, HTML zip archive, PostScript, PDF) Latest version: http://www.w3.org/TR/WAI-AUTOOLS Previous version: http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/WAI-AUTOOLS-19990503 Editors: Jutta Treviranus <[email protected]> Jan Richards <[email protected]> Ian Jacobs <[email protected]> Charles McCathieNevile <[email protected]> Copyright © 1999 W3C (MIT, INRIA, Keio), All Rights Reserved. W3C liability, trademark, document use and software licensing rules apply. Abstract This document provides guidelines for Web authoring tool developers. Its purpose is two-fold: to assist developers in designing authoring tools that generate accessible Web content and to assist developers in creating an accessible authoring interface. Accessible Web content is achieved by encouraging authoring tool users ("authors") to create accessible Web content through mechanisms such as prompts, alerts, checking and repair functions, help files and automated tools. It is equally important that all people can be the authors of Web content, rather than merely recipients. It is therefore of critical importance that the tools used to create this content are themselves accessible. Adoption of these guidelines will result in the proliferation of Web pages that can be read by a broader range of readers and in authoring tools that can be used by a broader range of authors. This document is part of a series of accessibility documents published by the W3C Web Accessibility Initiative.
    [Show full text]
  • Report of the Arl Joint Task Force on Services to Patrons with Print Disabilities
    REPORT OF THE ARL JOINT TASK FORCE ON SERVICES TO PATRONS WITH PRINT DISABILITIES November 2, 2012 Mary Case, Chair (Illinois at Chicago) Cynthia Archer (York) Nancy Baker (Iowa) Will Cross (North Carolina State) John Harwood (Penn State) Sarah Hawthorne (California, Berkeley) Kurt Herzer (Johns Hopkins) Tito Sierra (MIT) Ed Van Gemert (Wisconsin–Madison) Tom Wall (Boston College) ARL Staff Liaisons: Prue Adler Judy Ruttenberg © 2012 ARL. This report is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution­ Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 United States License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/. 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 4 FINDINGS 6 RECOMMENDATIONS 8 II. PRINT DISABILITIES, LIBRARIES, AND HIGHER EDUCATION 10 SIDEBAR: ADAPTIVE TECHNOLOGY FOR PRINT DISABILITIES 11 PRINT DISABILITIES AND THE POPULATION 14 III. US AND CANADIAN DISABILITY POLICIES, RECENT CHALLENGES, AND US AND CANADIAN COPYRIGHT LAW 15 RECENT CHALLENGES TO INSTITUTIONAL PRACTICES 16 AIM COMMISSION 19 US COPYRIGHT LAW AND ISSUES FOR PRINT-DISABILITIES SERVICES 20 AUTHORS GUILD V. HATHITRUST LITIGATION 23 US ENGAGEMENT WITH WORLD INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY ORGANIZATION (WIPO) 24 DISABILITY AND COPYRIGHT LAW IN CANADA 24 LICENSING ISSUES 26 IV. RESEARCH LIBRARIES AND INDIVIDUALS WITH PRINT DISABILITIES 27 RETROSPECTIVE PRINT COLLECTIONS 27 LICENSED ELECTRONIC RESOURCES 28 LIBRARY WEBSITE ACCESSIBILITY 29 ELECTRONIC-BOOK READERS 30 USER SERVICES 31 SIDEBAR: ONTARIO COUNCIL OF UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES (OCUL) REPOSITORY 33 V. UNIVERSAL DESIGN, INCLUSIVE DESIGN, ACCESSIBILITY, AND USABILITY 35 VI. CONCLUSION 39 VII. APPENDIX A: MODEL LICENSING LANGUAGE 40 ARL is deeply grateful to Howard P. Knopf, Counsel, Macera & Jarzyna/Moffat & Co., and Peter Jaszi, Washington College of Law, American University, for their assistance in framing the copyright discussions in this report.
    [Show full text]
  • DSAP Supplemental Report on the Sidewalk Labs Digital Innovation Appendix (DIA)
    DSAP Supplemental Report on the Sidewalk Labs Digital Innovation Appendix (DIA) Author: Waterfront Toronto’s Digital Strategy Advisory Panel Provided to Waterfront Toronto: February 17, 2020 Published: February 26, 2020 Summary In August 2019, Waterfront Toronto’s Digital Strategy Advisory Panel (DSAP) set out in a Preliminary Commentary its initial impressions, comments and questions on Sidewalk Labs’ Master Innovation Development Plan (MIDP). Since then, significantly more information has been made public about the Quayside project, including a Digital Innovation Appendix (DIA) and the October 31 Threshold Issues Resolution letter. This Report is supplemental to the Preliminary Commentary, identifying areas in which the additional information has addressed (in whole or in part) concerns raised and areas in which questions or concerns remain. Panelists have also taken the opportunity to provide input into other matters relevant to their expertise, including considerations related to digital governance and to Sidewalk Labs as an innovation and funding partner. Comments include, but are not limited to: ● Overall impressions of the DIA: Overall, Panelists were generally in agreement that the DIA was a significant improvement over the MIDP and appreciated the amount of information provided in a more streamlined format. However, concerns remain - notably, that certain critical details are still outstanding. ● Digital Governance: While Panelists support the outcome of the October 31 Threshold Issues resolution, which reaffirmed that digital governance belongs exclusively in the purview of Waterfront Toronto and its government partners, the most significant outstanding issues for Panelists was generally the DSAP Supplemental Report 2 lack of a fully realized digital governance framework and the need for expedited public sector leadership.
    [Show full text]
  • Considerations for Ai Fairness for People with Disabilities
    AI MATTERS, VOLUME 5, ISSUE 3 SEPTEMBER 2019 Considerations for AI Fairness for People with Disabilities Shari Trewin (IBM; [email protected]) Sara Basson (Google Inc.; [email protected]) Michael Muller (IBM Research; michael [email protected]) Stacy Branham (University of California, Irvine; [email protected]) Jutta Treviranus (OCAD University; [email protected]) Daniel Gruen (IBM Research; daniel [email protected]) Daniel Hebert (IBM; [email protected]) Natalia Lyckowski (IBM; [email protected]) Erich Manser (IBM; [email protected]) DOI: 10.1145/3362077.3362086 Abstract Introduction Systems that leverage Artificial Intelligence In society today, people experiencing disabil- are becoming pervasive across industry sec- ity can face discrimination. As artificial intel- tors (Costello, 2019), as are concerns that ligence solutions take on increasingly impor- these technologies can unintentionally ex- tant roles in decision-making and interaction, clude or lead to unfair outcomes for marginal- they have the potential to impact fair treatment ized populations (Bird, Hutchinson, Ken- of people with disabilities in society both pos- thapadi, Kiciman, & Mitchell, 2019)(Cutler, itively and negatively. We describe some of Pribik, & Humphrey, 2019)(IEEE & Sys- the opportunities and risks across four emerg- tems, 2019)(Kroll et al., 2016)(Lepri, Oliver, ing AI application areas: employment, educa- Letouze,´ Pentland, & Vinck, 2018). Initiatives tion, public safety, and healthcare, identified to improve AI fairness for people across racial in a workshop with participants experiencing (Hankerson et al., 2016), gender (Hamidi, a range of disabilities. In many existing situ- Scheuerman, & Branham, 2018a), and other ations, non-AI solutions are already discrimi- identities are emerging, but there has been natory, and introducing AI runs the risk of sim- relatively little work focusing on AI fairness ply perpetuating and replicating these flaws.
    [Show full text]
  • Accessibility and Development: Environmental Accessibility and Its Implications for Inclusive, Sustainable and Equitable Development for All
    Accessibility and Development: environmental accessibility and its implications for inclusive, sustainable and equitable development for all June 2013 Accessibility and Development: environmental accessibility and its implications for inclusive, sustainable and equitable development for all 2 Department of Economic and Social Affairs The Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA) of the United Nations Secretariat is a vital interface between global policies in the economic, social and environmental spheres and national action. The Department works in three main interlinked areas: (i) it compiles, generates and analyses a wide range of economic, social and environmental data and information on which Member States of the United Nations draw to review common problems and to take stock of policy options; (ii) it facilitates the negotiations of Member States in many intergovernmental bodies on joint courses of action to address ongoing or emerging global challenges; and (iii) it advises interested Governments on the ways and means of translating policy frameworks developed in United Nations conferences and summits into programmes at the country level and, through technical assistance, helps build national capacities. Note The designations employed and the presentation of the material in the present publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country or territory or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitations of its frontiers. The term “country” as used in the text of this review also refers, as appropriate, to territories or areas. The designations of country groups in the text and the tables are intended solely for statistical or analytical convenience and do not necessarily express a judgment about the stage reached by a particular country or area in the development process.
    [Show full text]
  • Accessibility, Inclusion, and the Future of Learning and Work
    Accessibility, Inclusion, and the Future of Learning and Work Speakers: Jutta Treviranus, Deborah Stienstra, and Dr. Mahadeo A. Sukhai Moderator: Michelle Fach Michelle Fach: Good afternoon, everyone. I am thrilled to be here today. My name is Michelle Fach and I am the Executive Director of Open Learning and Educational Support. And on behalf of myself, the university and Athol Gow, who is the co-chair of the conference committee as well as the Manager of Accessibility Services at the University of Guelph library. We would like to welcome you to the day one virtual Accessibility Conference closing panel discussion. I know that we're all very excited to be part of this. This session features three distinguished academics and researchers who will be speaking to the conference theme of Accessibility, Inclusion and the Future of Learning and Work from their respective areas of disciplinary expertise and interest. Each panelist will have a chance to speak for 10 minutes. Once all of the panelists have spoken, there will be an opportunity for you, the participants, to address the panelists with some questions. Michelle Fach: So, that will be part of the Q&A. This session is being captioned in-person by a representative from the Canadian Hearing Services, thanks to the support of the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs. Michelle Fach: Well, we do not know definitely how the world of work and education will change after the pandemic. There is a little doubt that they will. In one year COVID 19 and the requirements for social distancing has brought about a digital transformation of learning and work, that otherwise would have been decades in the making.
    [Show full text]
  • One-Size-Fits-One Inclusive Learning
    One-Size-Fits-One Inclusive Learning Jutta Treviranus Inclusive Design Institute OCAD University, Toronto, Canada Abstract. The importance of education escalates in the shift to a knowledge economy. This shift also requires retooling of our education systems to support diversity. There can be no sustainable prosperity or social wellbeing unless our education systems include all members of a society. Coincidentally the digitization and networking of our social substrate also provides the mechanisms to provide more inclusive, diversity-supportive education. The paper outlines an approach to inclusive learning through personalization developed over the last decade, supported by the AccessForAll standard and most currently applied in the Open Education Resource community. Keywords: accessibility, inclusive design, universal instructional design, personalization, open education, open education resources, eLearning 1 Introduction In a knowledge economy, education and the full development of human capital becomes ever more critical. The prosperity of a society rests in large part on the educational development of its members. The emergence of the digital economy brings with it a major shift in the goals or required outcomes of education. Digitization is freeing us from the need to mass produce the equivalent of human calculators, human hard drives or standardized human robots to staff our factories or offices. As has been outlined in many discussions of learning transformation (including deep learning or 21st century learning), the new skills and knowledge of value are creativity, resourcefulness, flexibility, collaboration, communication, critical thinking and independent thought [1]. Unfortunately most education systems globally have not been retooled to nurture these skills or knowledge. We are also repeatedly reaffirming that sustainable prosperity can only be achieved when that prosperity includes all members of society [2].
    [Show full text]
  • A Brief History of Open Educational Resources T
    A Brief History of Open Educational Resources T. J. Bliss* and M. Smith Hewlett Foundation *[email protected] Editors’ Commentary The Hewlett Foundation has been a key supporter of the open movement, donating over US170 million dollars over the past 15 years. In this chapter, authors T. J. Bliss and M. Smith—both of the Hewlett Foundation—ask whether this investment has been worthwhile. To answer this provocative question they trace the history of the open movement itself. They begin in the 1990s with fledging programs that formed the foundation for modern open education. From there, they cover the period they refer to as ‘open’s adolescence’ from 2004 to 2010. Finally, they discuss recent trends in open, Hewlett Foundation funding priorities, and their hopes for the future of the movement. Introduction The Open Educational Resources (OER) movement is fifteen years old. This essay reviews OER’s history, extraordinary growth, and place in education from the perspective of one current and one former employee of the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation.1,2 Since 2001, the Hewlett Foundation has pro- vided just over US$170 million to develop and extend the reach and effective- ness of OER. We tell the story of OER’s development, provide examples and discuss uses of OER, and sketch its potential as a powerful tool for reducing How to cite this book chapter: Bliss, T J and Smith, M. 2017. A Brief History of Open Educational Resources. In: Jhangiani, R S and Biswas-Diener, R. (eds.) Open: The Philosophy and Practices that are Revolutionizing Education and Science.
    [Show full text]
  • SBAC23 Technical Module Documentation.Docx
    Smarter Balanced Digital Library Exemplar Instructional Module Technical Documentation Smarter Balanced Digital Library (RFP 23) Exemplar Instructional Module Technical Documentation Prepared for: by: -- DRAFT-- Exemplar Module Technical Documentation -- DRAFT-- Page 1 Smarter Balanced RFP 23 Smarter Balanced Digital Library Exemplar Instructional Module Technical Documentation Revision History Review History Document Maintenance Acronyms List Introduction 1.1 Purpose 1.2 Supplementary Resources 1.3 Example Module Design Overview 2.1 Module Blueprints 3. General Module Technical Overview 3.1 Key Software Components 3.2 Module Requirements 3.2.1 Module Browser Requirements 3.2.2 Module Accessibility Requirements 3.2.3 Module Aspect Ratio Requirements 3.2.4 Module Upload Requirements 4. Module Delivery 4.1 Module Upload to the Digital Library 5. Example Module Technical Overview 5.1 Example Zip Contents 5.2 End User Requirements 5.3 Navigational Controls 5.4 Configuration Script 5.5 Available runJS JavaScript Functions 5.6 Module Review Feedback Mechanism 5.7 Amplify Employed Content Production Techniques -- DRAFT-- Exemplar Module Technical Documentation -- DRAFT-- Page 2 Smarter Balanced RFP 23 Smarter Balanced Digital Library Exemplar Instructional Module Technical Documentation Revision History Version Date Author(s) Description 1.0 2014 08 10 Frank Walsh Template draft 1.1 2014 08 20 Frank Walsh Content Authorship 1.2 2014 09 10 Frank Walsh Content Updates 2.0 2014 10 01 Frank Walsh Major Content Revision 2.1 2014 10 29 Frank Walsh
    [Show full text]
  • Jutta Treviranus: Background For
    Jutta Treviranus: Background for ECM Short Biography: Jutta Treviranus is the Director of the Inclusive Design Research Centre (IDRC) and professor in the faculty of Design at OCAD University in Toronto http://idrc.ocad.ca . With it’s origins in the ATRC established in 1993, the IDRC is an internationally recognized center of expertise in the inclusive design of emerging information and communication technology and practices. Jutta also heads the Inclusive Design Institute a multi‐university regional centre of expertise. Jutta has led many international multi‐partner research networks that have created broadly implemented technical innovations that support inclusion. Jutta and her team have pioneered personalization as an approach to accessibility in the digital domain. Her team also leads many international open source projects that attempt to infuse inclusive user experience design sensibilities into open source networks. She has played a leading role in developing accessibility legislation, standards and specifications internationally (including WAI ATAG, IMS AccessForAll, ISO 24751, and AODA Information and Communication). Jutta established and directs a graduate program in Inclusive Design at OCAD U. She is also a member of a number of key advisory panels nationally and internationally that advance approaches to equitable access to the digital domain. Work in the field of accessibility: As indicated in my biography I have worked in the field of accessibility for more than 30 years. Since the emergence of personal computers I have conducted research and development, policy development, educationanddirect service to ensure that computers, networks, digital content and applications are accessible to people with disabilitiesand to harness computers to address accessibility barriers faced by people with disabilities.
    [Show full text]
  • Semantic Web Accessibility Testing Via Hierarchical Visual Analysis
    Semantic Web Accessibility Testing via Hierarchical Visual Analysis Mohammad Bajammal Ali Mesbah University of British Columbia University of British Columbia Vancouver, BC, Canada Vancouver, BC, Canada [email protected] [email protected] Abstract—Web accessibility, the design of web apps to be web pages, an approach that is also used in a few patents [6], usable by users with disabilities, impacts millions of people [7]. The bulk of existing work focuses on topics such as around the globe. Although accessibility has traditionally been evaluating best practices for conducting empirical accessibility a marginal afterthought that is often ignored in many software products, it is increasingly becoming a legal requirement that evaluations, such as manual checklist walkthroughs [8] or must be satisfied. While some web accessibility testing tools enlisting visually-impaired users as part of user studies [9]. A exist, most only perform rudimentary syntactical checks that number of open-source tools have been developed to conduct do not assess the more important high-level semantic aspects simple syntactic accessibility tests that only check a few that users with disabilities rely on. Accordingly, assessing web attribute values in a web page. In an audit of 13 of such accessibility has largely remained a laborious manual process requiring human input. In this paper, we propose an approach, accessibility testing tools conducted by the United Kingdom called AXERAY, that infers semantic groupings of various regions Government’s Office of Digital Services [10], these tools found of a web page and their semantic roles. We evaluate our approach only %26 of a known small set of accessibility violations on 30 real-world websites and assess the accuracy of semantic present in tested web pages.
    [Show full text]
  • CBM Digital Accessibility Toolkit 2 Contents
    Digital Accessibility Toolkit Back to Contents Contents Purpose of this toolkit 4 2.2.2 Development frameworks 3.4 Colour: contrast and graphics 28 and accessibility 16 Resources: Colour and graphics Structure of the toolkit 5 Resources: CRPD and inclusive 3.5 Alternative text 29 development CBM Digital Toolkit 6 Resources: Alt text 2.3 International accessibility 3.6 Creating accessible video 30 standards 17 Resources: Captioning, Section ICT accessibility standards transcribing, and editing 2.4 ICT and inclusion 18 3.7 Creating accessible content 31 2.4.1 Practical considerations 18 3.7.1 Microsoft Word 31 1 2.4.2 Benefits for society and business 20 Resources: Microsoft Word 2.4.3 Accessibility and usability 21 3.7.2 Microsoft Excel 32 Glossary and acronyms 7 Resources: Excel 1.1 Glossary 8 3.7.3 Microsoft PowerPoint 33 1.2 Acronyms 12 Section Resources: PowerPoint decks 3.7.4 Adobe InDesign 34 Resources: InDesign: accessibility Section tips and tutorials 3 3.7.5 PDF 34 Tools and guidance for creating Resources: PDFs: accessible publications and tagging documents accessible content 23 2 3.7.6 EPUB and Kindle 35 3.1 Fonts 24 Resources: EPUBs Resources: Accessible fonts Background and considerations 13 3.7.7 Email 35 3.2 Language and Easy Read 25 2.1 Overview 14 Resources: Emails Resources: Plain language and 2.2 International frameworks 15 Easy Read 3.7.8 Alternative formats 36 2.2.1 Human rights framework: CRPD 15 3.3 Structuring content 3.8 Business cards 37 to be accessible 26 Resources: Structuring content to be accessible 27 Contents
    [Show full text]