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Sharing-Innovative-Experiences-Volume-19-2011.Pdf VOLUME 19 SHARING Innovative Experiences Experiences in Addressing Population and Reproductive Health Challenges Global South-South Development Academy The series Sharing Innovative Experiences is part of the multidimensional strategy of the UNDP Special Unit for South-South Cooperation (SSC) to promote knowledge- sharing in the South. It presents Southern solutions to Southern challenges through the use of Southern expertise. Each volume of case studies focuses on a specific topic that is identified by the Special Unit on the basis of its corporate priorities and their links to the Millennium Development Goals. The Special Unit works with partners to identify Southern initiatives that represent successful practices. A technical committee recommends initiatives that can be considered successful in their particular context. Following the methodology of the Global South-South Development Academy, representatives of the selected initiatives are invited to document their experiences in individual case studies and to present them at an international workshop for extensive sharing of information with other practitioners. The case studies are subse- quently reworked to meet the criteria for publication. Copyright © UNDP 2011 All rights reserved ISSN: 1728-4171 Special Unit for South-South Cooperation United Nations Development Programme One United Nations Plaza New York, NY 10017 USA The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of the United Nations, the United Nations Development Programme or governments. The designations employed do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever concerning the legal status of any country, territory or area, or its frontiers or boundaries. Design: Alamini Design, 145 West 28th Street, 12th Floor, New York, NY 10001, alaminidesign.com Cover photos: Main cover - © Didier Habimana SHARING Innovative Experiences V OLUME 1 9 Experiences in Addressing Population and Reproductive Health Challenges Global South-South Development Academy THE UNITED NATIONS DEV ELOPMENT PROG RA MME (UNDP) is the U N’s global dev elopment network, an organization advocating for change a nd connecting countries to knowledge, experience and resources to help people build a better life. It is on the groundin 166 countries, workingwith them on their own solutions to global and national development challenges. As they devel op local capacity, they draw on the people of UNDP and its wide range of partners. THE SPECIAL UNIT FOR SOUTH -S OUT H COO PERAT ION , formerly known as the Special Unit for Technical Cooperation among Developing Countries (TCDC), was established by the United Nations General Assembly within UNDP in 1978. It carries out Special Unit its United Nations mandate to mobilize international support for sustained South-South for South-South cooperation for development. It encoura Cooperation ges developing countries to become imp or- tant providers of multilateral cooperation, foste rs broad -based partnerships for supporting South-South initiatives, supports the efforts of t he South to pool the vast resources of Southern countries as a way of achieving common development goals, and facilitates South-South policy dialogues. PARTNERS IN POP ULAT ION AN D DEVE LOP ME NT (PPD ) is an intergovern- mental initiative created specifically to expand and improve South-to-South collabora- tion in the fields of reproductive health, population and development. PPD was launched at the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development. Its mission is to assist member cou ntries and oth er developing countries to a ddress successfully the sexual and reproductive health and rights and population and development challenges through South-South collaboration. PPD carries out its mission by ra ising a common voice and sharing sustainable, effective, efficient, a ccessible and acceptable solutions considering the diverse economic, social, political, religious and cultural characteristics of member countries. THE UNITED NATIONS POP ULATIO N FUN D (UNFPA) is an international development agency that promotes the right of every woman,man and child to enjoy a life of health and equal opportunity. UNFPA supports countries in using population data for poli- cies and programmes to reduce poverty and to ensure that every pregnancy is wanted, every birth is safe, every young person is free of HIV, and every girl and woman is treated with dignity and respect. UNFPA works in partnership with governments, along with other United Nations agencies, communities, non-governmental organizations, foundations and the pri- vate sector, to raise awareness and mobilize the support and resources needed to achieve its mission. It works in some 150 countries, areas and territories and is a field-centred, efficient and strategic partner to the countries it serves. C o n t e n t s Foreword 5 Acknowledgements 9 Introduction 11 1 Domiciliary Services in Reproductive Health and Family Planning – Bangladesh 23 2 Focusing on Quality of Care in the Family Planning Programme – China 47 3 Training in Incorporating Population Factors into Development Planning – Ghana 73 4 Addressing Reproductive and Sexual Health Issues of Adolescents – India 97 5 Importance of Community Participation in the Implementation of the Family Planning Programme – Indonesia 125 6 An Innovative and Integrated Initiative to Reposition Intrauterine Contraceptive Devices in the National Family Planning Programme – Kenya 143 7 A System Approach to Training in Population, Environment and Development – South Africa 159 8 Experience in Addressing Mother-to-child Transmission of HIV/AIDS within a Community Framework – Thailand 191 9 Women’s Empowerment and Reproductive Health – Tunisia 211 10 Involving Parliamentarians as Advocates for Reproductive Health – Uganda 229 F o r e w o r d The year 2011 will be remembered as the year when the world’s population reached 7 billion. According to the latest projections by the United Nations, the world population will contin- ue to increase to 9.3 billion by the year 2050. To put these numbers in per- spective, the world population did not reach one billion until 1804. It then took 123 years to reach 2 billion in 1927, 33 years to reach 3 billion in 1960, 14 years to reach 4 billion in 1974, 13 years to reach 5 billion in 1987 and 12 years to reach 6 billion by October 1999. Another billion will be added by October 2011. This growth in world population is phenom- enal. While on the one hand it reflects mankind’s enormous success in reducing mortality and improving quality of life for billions of people, on the other it raises the serious challenge of the social, political, environmental and developmental implications of adding additional billions of people so rapidly. One crucial feature of the current global demographic situation with significant implications for the future is the fact that more than 3 billion people are under the age of 25, with almost 1.8 billion people between the ages of 10 and 24, the parents of the next generation. How effectively the world helps these cohorts of young people in meeting their development and reproductive health needs will greatly influence the pace and nature of future demographic dynamics in the world. The International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) held in Cairo in 1994 was a watershed in the history of the popu- lation, reproductive health and family planning movement. It heralded a move away from a past focus on demographic numbers to improving peo- ple’s quality of life. It redefined the structural antecedents of the popula- tion issue and has offered the world a rights-based, gender-sensitive and development-focused approach to its resolution. Central to the new 5 6 VOLUME 19: EXPERIENCES IN ADDRESSING POPULATION AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH CHALLENGES approach were, among other things, the rights of individuals and couples in deciding the number and spacing of their children; rights for universal access to reproductive health for all, including reproductive rights; the recognition given to inextricable linkages between gender inequality, women’s empowerment and reproductive health issues; and the clear implications of population dynamics for sustained economic growth and sustainable devel- opment. The ICPD Programme of Action includes a comprehensive set of recommendations to address population issues from these strategic perspectives. During the last decade and a half, most developing countries have formulated and imple- mented policy and programmatic measures based on the ICPD Programme of Action. They include efforts aimed at, inter alia, policy formulation, programme development, service delivery, advocacy, training and capacity development, and resource mobilization. The sub- stantive focuses of such successful efforts have included family planning, reproductive health, gender empowerment, adolescent and youth reproductive health, and population and development integration. Although such successes have been important and are com- mon knowledge within national contexts, they are not well known more widely mainly because many successful experiences have not been adequately documented. This publica- tion is an attempt to address this gap. Recognizing the potential usefulness of such successful experiences to other countries in similar situations, PPD undertook, with the financial support of the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) and the Packard Foundation, an exercise to select and document case studies of innovative practices in population, reproductive
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