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~ 'J R. La Papa Serie Winrock De Literatura Orientada Al Desarrollo .C. 47 t, 1 /411 *30~W dd ~ 'j r. La papa Serie Winrock de Literatura Orientada al Desarrollo Editor de la Serie: Steven A. Breth "La Papa: Producci6n, Comercializaci6n y Programas," fue escrito originalmente en ingl6s con el auspicio del Instituto Internacional Winrock para el Desarrollo Agricola, el Centro Internacional de 1a Papa y el Instituto Internacional de Investigaci6n en Politica Alimentaria. Hacen parte de la serie: "Rice in the Tropics: Aguide to the Development of National Programas," Robert F.Chandler, Jr. "Smaii Farm Development: Unuerstanding and Improving Farming Systerns in the Humid Tropics," Richard R. Harwood "Successful Seed Programs: A planning and Management Guide," Johnson E. Douglas (En espa~iol: Programa de Semillas, Gu[a de Planeaci6n y Manejo) "Tomatoes in the Tropics", Ruben L.Vilareal "Wheat in the Third World, Haldore Hanson," Norman E.Borlag, and R. Glen Anderson "Cassava New Potential for a Neglected Crop," James H. Cock "Potatoes: Production, Marketing, and Programs for Developing Countries," Douglas Horton La Papa: Produccion, Comercializaci6n y programas Douglas Horton Copub!icaci6n de Centro Internacional de la Papa (CIP), Lima, Editorial Hemisferio Sur, Montevideo, con autorizaci6n de "Winrock International" 1992 Titulo del original en ingl6s: POTATOES. Production, Marketing, and Programs for Developing Countries. Serie Winrock de Literatura Orientada a Desarrollo. Autor: Douglas Horton Titulo en espaiol: LA PAPA. Producci6n, Comercializaci6n y Programas. Traducido por: Ing. Agr. Heber Marrapodi Ing. Agr. Francisco Vilar6 © Copyright, 1987, versi6n en ingl6s: Winrock International ISBN (U.S.): 0-8133-7197-X ISBN (U.K.): 0-946688-09-5 © Derechos reservados, 1992, versi6n en espafiol: Centro Internacional de la Papa ISBN: 92-9060-154-X Todos los derechos reservados. Ninguna pare de este libro deber, ser reproducida en forma alguna, sea 6sta fotocopia, micropelicula, fotografia o cualquier otro sistema, sin la autorizaci6n escrita del Centro Internacional de la Papa (CIP). Centro Internacional de la Papa (CIP) Apartado 5969, Iima, Per6. Tel. 366920 Cable CIPAPA - Lima, Per6. T6lex 25672 PE Editorial Agropecuaria Hemisferio Sur S.R.L Buenos Aires 335 - Casilla de Correo 1755 Montevideo, Uruguay. Tels. 96 45 15 - 96 45 20 (Fax) (Enviar los pedidos a esta direcci6n) Contenido Lista de cuadros y figuras ............................................................ Vii Pr6logo por J. Mellor y R.L. Sawyer .............................................. ix Agradecimientos ............................................................................. xi Introduccion .............................................................................. 1 1 Modelos y tendencias mundiales en la producci6n y uso de la papa ............................................................................. 3 Origen y dispersi6n del cultivo de la papa ............................... 5 Tendencias recientes en el uso y producci6n de la papa ...... 11 Productividad y valor del cultivo de ia papa ......................... 20 Notas bibliogr~ficas ................................................................. 24 2 La papa y su ambiente fisico ................................................. 27 La planta de papa .................................................................... 27 El ambiente fisico ..................................................................... 37 Selecci6n de nuevas variedades de papa por mejoramiento gen6tico ............................................................................. 46 Rendimiento y valor de la cosecha ......................................... 48 Implicancias econ6micas ........................................................ 50 Notas bibliogr~ficas .................................................................... 52 3 El ambiente socioecon6mnico: Niveles de desarrollo y politicas piblicas .............................................................. 55 Desarrollo econ6mico ........................................................... 57 Politicas y programas gubernamentales ............................... 60 Notas bibliogr~ficas ................................................................ 64 C; vi La Papa: Producci6n, Comercializaci6n y Programas 4 Oferta, demanda y comercializaci6n ..................................... 65 Oferta y demanda .................................................................... 65 Comercializaci6n y precios ..................................................... 76 Tendencia de los precios y proyecciones de la demanda ...... 87 Notas bibliogr~icas ................................................................. 94 5 Aspectos nutricionales y consumo de la papa .................... 97 Aspectos nutricionales ............................................................. 97 Consum o de papa ................... ............................................. 104 Notas bibliogr&ficas .............. .............................................. 114 6 Sistemas de producci6n de la papa ........................................ 117 Producci6n de papa en las zonas elevadas .......................... 121 Producci6n de papa en tierras bajas ................................... 130 Producci6n en zonas templadas ............................................ 135 Producci6n de la papa en clima mediterr~neo ...................... 138 Ejemplos de sistemas de producci6n .................................... 139 Notas bibliogr~ficas .................................................................. 163 7 Prioridades do investigacl6n y programas de papa .............. 165 La necesidad de tener un programa de investigaci6n y extensi6n de papa ............................................................ 166 Detorminaci6n de prioridades en investigaci6n y extensi6n 168 Programas de papa .................................................................. 179 Notas bibliogr~ficas .................................................................. 191 8 Impacto do los programas do papa ........................................ 193 M6todos para evaluar el impacto ............................................ 194 Casos ilustrativos ...................................................................... 197 Lecciones do los casos ............................................................ 217 Notas bibliogr~ficas .................................................................. 220 9 El resumen ................................................................................ 221 Referencias .......................................................................... 235 In dice .................................................................................. 24 1 Sobre el libro y el autor ........................................................ 259 Cuadros y Figuras Cuadros 1 Producci6n mundial de los principales cultivos alimenticios, 1984 ................................. 4 2 Cambios porcentuales en la producci6n y consumo de papa en regiones principales y paises seloccionados entre 196 1/6 5 y 198 1/83 ................................................................. .. 12 3 Producci6n y consumo de papa en regiones principales y paises seleccionados 1981/83 .............................................. 16 4 Hojas de Balance Nutricional Nacionales para la Papa, 1979/81. 19 5 Los diez cultivos alimenticios con el valor de producci6n por hect~rea mayor en los paises en desarrollo ........................ 23 6 Los diez cultivos alimenticios con cl valor de producci6n/hect~rea mayor/dia ......................... 23 7 Producci6n de los diez cultivos alimenticios de mayor valor on paises en desarrollo, 1981/83 ......................................... 24 8 Elasticidad do la demanda de papa en relaci6n al ingreso, comparado con el ingreso (PBI) por habitante .................... 73 9 Elasticidad do la domanda debida al ingreso estimado, de acuerdo a grupos de ingreso en parses seleccionados .. 74 10 Precio relativo de la papa cn varios lugares, alrededor de 1950 ye n 1980 ....................................................................... 88 11 Comparaci6n entre las proyecciones de la FAO con los Cambios Reales en Consurno de Papa, 1965-1980 ............................ 92 12 Composici6n nutricional de una porci6n (100 g), comestible de varios alimentos ................................................................ 98 13 Aminocidos limitantes y utilizaci6n de proteina neta (UPN) de proteinas seleccionadas .................................................... 100 viii La Papa: Produccl6n, Comercializacl6n y Programas 14 Precio promedio de la papa en relaci6n con precios de harina de trigo, arroz y salarios urbanos, para principales regiones del mundo, 1980 ...................................................... 111 15 Distribuci6n de gastos por tipo de insumo para la producci6i de papa en varias reas .......................................................... 128 16 Caracterfsticas de la producci6n de papa en el Valle de Mantaro, Per6, por zona Agroecol6gica, 1977/78 ................ 143 17 Valor de diez cultivos principales en paises en desarrollo comparados con los gastos de investigaci6n en el sistem a del GC IAR .................................................................... 170 Figuras 1 Tendencias (Promedios m6viles cada tres aros) de producci6n de papa y producci6n total de alimentos en paises en desarrollo ................................................................ 5 2 Cambio de la producci6n por habitante de los cultivos alimenticios principales en economias
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