International Journal of Research and Review www.ijrrjournal.com E-ISSN: 2349-9788; P-ISSN: 2454-2237
Research Paper
The Role of the Resource Centre in the Development of Environment-Friendly Agriculture in Siana’s Sub-District Mandrehe West Nias Regency
Serius Gulo1, Prof. Ir. Zulkifli Nasution2, Prof. Dr. R. Hamdani Harahap2
1Postgraduate Students In Natural Resources And Environment At The University Of North Sumatra, Indonesia 2Postgraduate Lecturer In Natural Resources And Environment At The University Of North Sumatra, Indonesia
Corresponding Author: Serius Gulo
ABSTRACT
Resource Centre is an institution that is engaged in the field of environment friendly agricultural training located in West Nias Regency. Established since 2007 and has been carrying out extensive socialization and training and provides direct examples of environmentally friendly farming without chemical fertilizers (inorganic) in the land of Resource Centre Training and socialization that was provided in the form of cultivation, composting, pesticides, natural and reinforcement for the personal and group. The changes of agriculture to modern agriculture, eventually humans become less wise and not friendly with nature and the environment. Environmentally friendly farming is hopeful for farmers as producers and as consumers. Some of the obstacles that faced by is still a low the low understanding of the farmers against the application of environment-friendly agricultural system, lack of information, training and attention of local governments in expanding it. This research was conducted in the village of Siana’s sub-district Mandrehe West Nias Regency. Methods of analysis that used in this research are qualitative descriptive analysis with total samples 116 heads of families. The results showed has not been successfully Resource Centre plays a role in developing environmentally-friendly agriculture in the surrounding of due villages, has limited funds and time because they were focus on their own land as local business. The response of the villagers around the Resource Centre plays a part in the cultivation, manufacture, compost fertilizer, pesticides and marketing of agricultural products, the development of environment-friendly agriculture in the village of Siana’s has not been successfully involved because of the existence of group that can be directly enjoyed by the citizens. Support from Government has not been programmed because the limitations of human and financial resources.
Keywords: Institution Resource Centre, Community Response, Support From The Government.
INTRODUCTION efficacy of pesticides have placed humans Changes in agriculture are currently as winners against nature. Humans undergoing very significant changes, from eventually become unwise, and become traditional agriculture to modern agriculture. unfriendly to nature and the environment. The high productivity of plants with the Nature that has become a place of human presence of superior seeds, the fertility of habitation has been forgotten and ignored by plants due to the use of chemical fertilizers, the act of carelessness. As a result of this and the elimination of plant pests due to the exploitation, nature then loses balance
International Journal of Research & Review (www.ijrrjournal.com) 262 Vol.6; Issue: 5; May 2019 Serius Gulo. et al. The role of the resource centre in the development of environment-friendly agriculture in Siana’s Sub-district Mandrehe West Nias regency which ultimately has a negative impact on by considerations of technical convenience humans. The use of pesticides intended to (Avelinus, 2008). The limited knowle- eradicate pests and diseases has been proven dge, attitudes and skills of farmers, greatly to cause pollution to the environment and affect the ability to try better farming. In directly or indirectly disrupt human health order for the farming community to believe (Fardiaz, 1992). that the organic farming system can provide Learning from the negative effects benefits for both agricultural productivity above, humans then tried to find techniques and land productivity, awareness must be to plant safely, both for the environment and taken first. Growing public awareness will humans. This is what later gave birth to the foster motivation to adopt technology with technique of planting organically or organic systems or natural ways. environmentally friendly agriculture. According to Mardikanto (2009) the Organic farming is a farming activity that is main actors of agricultural development in familiar with the environment which can Indonesia are actually small farmers, small minimize negative impacts on the farmers, small farmers and small fishermen surrounding environment. The main who are generally weak economic groups, characteristic of organic agriculture is the which are not only weak in capital / asset use of local varieties that are relatively still ownership and other production factors, but natural, followed by the use of organic especially weak knowledge, skills and often fertilizers and organic pesticides. Organic weak in his attitude to advance for the agriculture is a guide for the times; lately betterment of his destiny. The presence of human awareness to preserve the non-governmental organizations and the environment has increased. Therefore it is role of agricultural extension agents in the necessary to develop agricultural cultivation midst of farming communities in the village without the use of dangerous chemical is still very much needed to improve human fertilizers. Humans as end consumers of resources (farmers) so that they can manage agricultural products will feel safe and existing natural resources intensively in secure in their health (Andoko, 2010). order to achieve increased productivity and Modern agriculture that is income or achieve food security and instantaneous makes farmers in carrying out economic resilience. their farming business want a lot of results Farmers need to have training in a short time and not too much trouble. centers to foster them independently, Conventional farmers assume that if they structured, sustainably managed for the cultivate organically there are many benefit of the farmers themselves. Basically difficulties that will be faced. One of them the institution is a social group as a set of is that conventional farmers have concerns people who hold regular face-to-face that they will have difficulty in obtaining relationships because they have a common organic fertilizer. The farmers have not seen goal and attitude. the local potential in the form of agricultural The institution itself is in the form of waste and livestock manure which are a government institution which is under the abundantly available which can be managed control of the government and non- into organic fertilizer. Organic fertilizers are governmental institutions, both private and seen as troublesome and require more non-governmental organizations. Agricul- energy to manage and use them. Likewise, tural non-governmental organizations the various plants that can be used as usually conduct agricultural counseling organic pesticides are no longer widely used through organizing local communities, because besides the limited knowledge of providing advocacy, organizing training, farmers, they are also seen as something that mentoring. Along with the declining role of is troublesome. Awareness of managing the counseling and the decreasing image of environment for the better is often defeated education carried out by the government,
International Journal of Research & Review (www.ijrrjournal.com) 263 Vol.6; Issue: 5; May 2019 Serius Gulo. et al. The role of the resource centre in the development of environment-friendly agriculture in Siana’s Sub-district Mandrehe West Nias regency the existence of non-agricultural institutions the Institute of Resource Centers is still is increasingly recognized and built lacking. The role of the Resource Center collaborative cooperation between Institute in developing organic farming is government agricultural extension interesting to study, to find out how much institutions and private parties. the Resource Center contributes to the Non-governmental organizations development of organic farming in the (Mardikanto, 2009). The collaboration will village area of Siana'a. facilitate the development of farms managed Based on the above background, it is by farmers. Likewise with facilities interesting to examine the Role of Resource provided by institutions for farmers, these Centers in the development of facilities can help farmers develop their environmentally friendly agriculture in West farming and lead to the independence of Nias Regency, so to further put forward a farmers. The activities carried out by study entitled "Role Resource Center In farmers in the village of Siana'a in order to Development Agriculture Friendly develop organic farming cannot be Environment In Village Siana’a Sub-District separated from the role of the Institute Mandrehe,West Nias District”. Resource Center, both in the implementation process and in the stages of RESEARCH METHODS making natural fertilizers and pesticides. This research is a descriptive study The Resource Center is a private where the method of collecting data through institution that plays a role and engages in surveys, interviews, questionnaires. The the field of environmentally friendly location or location of the study is Siana'a agricultural training in accordance with the Village, Mandrehe District, West Nias stages in farming, the Resource Center is Regency. located in West Nias Regency, Mandrehe Population is the number of Village, Siana'a Village. The Resource collections of all elements to be concluded Center in West Nias was established in 2007 (Indrawan R and Yarniawati, 2014). The and has conducted many trainings and population in this study were all villagers of provided examples of environmentally Siana'a, namely 172 heads of families. friendly agriculture that do not use chemical While the sample in this study is the head of fertilizers (inorganic), nor serve students in the family whose daily workers are farmers industrial work practices (internship) for with a total of 116 heads of families, the SMK students in the Department of sample determination by the census method Agriculture, but there is currently no is the total number of samples. significant development agricultural Table 3.1. The condition of the residents of Siana'a Village, products, especially the area around the Mandrehe District, West Nias Regency location of the Resource Center. Some No Work Total/KK Percentage (%) 1 PNS/TNI/POLRI 21 KK 12,20 % supporting facilities for implementing 2 Petani 116 KK 67,44 % activities in the Resource Center are: 1). 3 Jasa 19 KK 11,05 % 4 Wiraswasta 16 KK 09,30 % Compost machine, 2). Filter machine Total Compost, 3). Coconut Belt Machine, 4). Lawn mower, 5). Water pump. The data in this study consisted of primary The role and function of the Institute data and secondary data. Primary data Resource Center as a forum for farmer obtained by observation, questionnaires, and organizations is still not running optimally. interviews. This situation is caused by various factors, In addition to observations and including only a small number of human questionnaires, interviews were conducted resources of institutional actors, the low by means of discussions with stakeholders, quality of human resources of the interviewees and agricultural agencies to institutional actors and facilities provided by find out the problems and obstacles faced in
International Journal of Research & Review (www.ijrrjournal.com) 264 Vol.6; Issue: 5; May 2019 Serius Gulo. et al. The role of the resource centre in the development of environment-friendly agriculture in Siana’s Sub-district Mandrehe West Nias regency implementing environmentally friendly roots grow well and are healthy, plant agriculture. growth will be fast, fertile and many fruits. This very basic and important concept must RESULTS AND DISCUSSION be understood and mastered by every The Role Of Resource Centers In student who engages in RC. The Development Of Environmentally Another thing they did was making Friendly Agriculture. organic fertilizer (compost), developing In order to introduce and develop demoplit perennials (cocoa and grafting environmentally friendly agriculture in the rubber), grafting PB 260 grafting rubber West Nias district, the Resource Center nurseries, and pig farms. It is expected that (RC) held socialization through churches, the existence of a Resource Center as a schools, and meetings held by the House for Integrated Farming and Training community, besides the Resource Center in Animal Husbandry Development can (RC) also educated the next generation to bring positive benefits to all levels of prepare and equip Vocational school society, especially young people who are students majoring in Food Crops and tasting education at school. The Horticulture (ATPH) in order to become a participation of CKS through RC to reliable and qualified generation to build a participate in educating the next generation, nation especially in agriculture are moral especially in agriculture, does not stop here, responsibilities of both educational for 2013 there have been two schools that institutions (schools) and the Business will entrust their students to the RC, namely World / Industrial World and Society State Vocational School 1 Mandrehe and institutions. Answering this challenge, the Vocational School 1 Ulu Moro'o . The Sibolga Caritas Keuskupan Resource Center Resource Center activity (RC) is a special (RC) was present, working with the school unit owned by Sibolga Caritas Keuskupan to facilitate, assist, foster and direct (CKS) which functions as a place for vocational students, especially ATPH integrated agricultural education / training majors through Industrial Work Practices facilities. Initially it was intended for the (Prakerin) at the village Resource Center CKS-assisted group community, but in its Siana'a Mandrehe District, West Nias development RC opened itself as a place of Regency. learning and training for various groups of This Prakerin activity lasted for the general public. Some activities carried three months. The method of implementing out on RC: 1). Agricultural development apprenticeship is 30% theory and 70% Hard plants (rubber, cocoa, fruit, productive practice. With this method, students are wood) Young crops (development of young expected to be able to understand, plant demoplots with a rotation system, understand and master the fields of activity cultivation of crops and food crops with carried out while in the location of the monoculture and agroforestry systems) Business World / Industrial World. During Production Gardens Development of the practice on the RC, the students did organic fertilizers and manufacture of MOL several things, one of which was the 2). Education / Training Facilities 3). RC development of a young plant demoplot. independence. RC service works are Growing, growing, and producing, that's considered to have an impact on the what is always expected from plants. community in West Nias. CKS and the Holy Therefore, one of the factors that influence Cross Parish, West Nias agreed to continue this is good soil management. To get a loose this work. soil structure, the soil needs to be processed. At this time the support of several One way is by hoeing. Loose soil structure international Caritas families gradually is very good for plant root growth. Roots declined. So, in order to continue working, can freely absorb nutrients in the soil. If the RC needs to raise its own funds by
International Journal of Research & Review (www.ijrrjournal.com) 265 Vol.6; Issue: 5; May 2019 Serius Gulo. et al. The role of the resource centre in the development of environment-friendly agriculture in Siana’s Sub-district Mandrehe West Nias regency providing agricultural training services and The Resource Center runs the work producing several plant / tree seeds for sale of service to the community for those in to the community, namely: Grafting rubber need, with the aim of taking part and taking seeds (PB 260 clones) ready for planting / part in reducing poverty, so that they can get stem Entres / meters, Mahogany / stems , In the same rights as other people such as addition to the above plant / tree seeds, RC education, employment, food, and health has also started breeding local species, services. With the presence of the Resource crosses, and duroc (hybrid). Also available Center, it is expected to grow the interest of to sell for / kilogram of body weight. the community to actively farm, especially Hopefully in the future, RC will truly be young plants that do not require a long time able to become a center for the development to obtain results, and do not have to depend of human and natural resources, RC can be on expensive chemical fertilizers, but only an example for the general public through by utilizing existing natural resources and the results of testing and experiments. Until then processed in such a way appearance to now, RC's work in the world of agriculture be used again as fertilizers or organic can be said to be quite good. Besides being fertilizers (compost). The Resource Center one of the units at CKS, RC is also able to provides its own example of its dilation that become a learning house for the community, it can successfully cultivate young plants and the community is also given the without the use of chemical fertilizers, and freedom to duplicate the models they have this institution is open to anyone who wants seen in RC to do on their own land. For its to learn about how to farm without chemical success, collaboration between: local fertilizers that are more environmentally administration, the government is needed friendly. If the community can succeed Organizing such as division of labor, through farming, then to fulfill the same division of small units and determination of rights as other people can be fulfilled. the line of authority carried out by farmers Awareness that needs to be built on themselves, in terms of organizing farmers farmers is awareness of community / groups in the village of Siana'a The Resource that grow on the basis of needs, not coercion Center institution did not intervene. and encouragement of certain projects. The Resource Center provides direction and objectives are (1) to organize the power of advice in terms of organizing, which is then farmers in fighting for their rights, (2) left to farmers, because the capabilities and obtain bargaining positions and accurate weaknesses of individual farmers who know market information, especially related to the it are farmers themselves if organizing is prices of agricultural products and (3) play a done by farmers themselves. It will be easier role in negotiating and determining the and directed. The Resource Center's goal of prices of agricultural products produced by providing direction and organizing is to be its members (Masmulyadi,2007). overlapping, all farmers have their The Response Of The Village respective responsibilities, communication Farmers Community Of Siana'a To The becomes smooth, coordination between Activities Of The Resource Center. farmers is also good, the process runs as The Siana'a village farmer planned, and can minimize problems. The community knows the existence of the assistance of the Resource Center Institute Resource Center in the midst of their village in terms of organizing which only conducts but does not know of the activities carried direction and input is intended to enable the out within the institution, the information on participant farmer to be directly involved in its initial existence varies, there are those coordinating (planning, implementing and who see directly when passing and also hear evaluating) and in giving decisions from relatives or relatives. In general, (deciding something) to choose various people do not know about the activities conditions in organizing. carried out in Resource Centralization
International Journal of Research & Review (www.ijrrjournal.com) 266 Vol.6; Issue: 5; May 2019 Serius Gulo. et al. The role of the resource centre in the development of environment-friendly agriculture in Siana’s Sub-district Mandrehe West Nias regency because there are still very few people who Pollutants can move to our organic land have ever visited to see firsthand the because they are carried by water and air. In activities carried out within the institution. addition to pollutants, the use of drugs from The community was not very enthusiastic at neighboring gardens can cause pests and first exploring the types of activities in the diseases to run into organic farms. Of course Resource Center institutions due to its first pests will look for lands that are free of activities, namely seeding rubber grafting toxins, and unfortunately organic gardens and after being sold to interested people, the will become easy targets. To get around community's view of grafting rubber had not this, you can use hedgerows. Some types of yet fully accepted the respective fields in hedgerows have the ability to absorb odors, changing old rubber land, traditional rubber chemicals, and pest repellents. In addition, switch to new rubber grafting rubber land, forages from hedgerows can be used as because there are so many work processes organic fertilizer. and fertilizers that can cost a lot. As well as Farmers who use 25.9% organic fertilizer on the other hand informants circulated to for complex reasons and too much work and residents that the age of grafting rubber take a long time to make compost plus their should not be recycled for long compared to livestock cages which are mostly still in an old rubber, namely traditional rubber, emergency condition are finally difficult to although the sap is only a little but has a collect livestock manure because they are long life and does not sprinkle fertilizer in scattered everywhere there is no one way cleaning just by clearing the land. out the manure can be used as compost Very few people in the village of fertilizer. Actually, the farming community Siana'a have large areas of land to be used is dependent, if someone is dependent on as organic crops such as in the Resource something, even if they know the bad Center, because in general the surrounding effects of something. then they will be communities have been filled with rubber difficult regardless of dependency. of course trees as their main source of income, only it takes a process and hard work to be able 12.1% of the heads of farm families are able to change it. Like the case with the farming to own land empty area to be used as community in Indonesia in general and Nias organic farming land for young plants as in particular those who are still dependent carried out in the Resource Center, this is on using chemical fertilizers. if not based on what makes people's interest in gardening or intention, we can imagine what we will farming sustainably / organically to be very inherit for our children and grandchildren low due to the narrow land factor which has later. Below is the impact of dependence on been contaminated with chemicals due to the use of chemical fertilizers. the excessive use of chemical fertilizers, the Only awareness will move our soil has hardened. farmers to use organic fertilizer again. Land for organic farming must be Awareness is directly proportional to one's free of residues from fertilizers and knowledge. It is time for young intellectuals synthetic chemical drugs. The process of to take to the field to provide knowledge to converting land from conventional farmers how important it is to use organic agriculture to organic farming takes at least fertilizer. Dilemma, when farmers' children 1-3 years. During the transition period, the are told to study at school but their agricultural products produced cannot be knowledge is not used for community said to be organic because they usually still welfare. There is a chain of knowledge lost contain chemical residues. Another thing between the current generation and the that must be considered is the environment previous generation. Even though these two around the land. Chemical pollution from generations should complement each other. neighboring gardens can damage the Institutions as rules of the game (rule of organic farming system that has been built. game) and organizations play an important
International Journal of Research & Review (www.ijrrjournal.com) 267 Vol.6; Issue: 5; May 2019 Serius Gulo. et al. The role of the resource centre in the development of environment-friendly agriculture in Siana’s Sub-district Mandrehe West Nias regency role in regulating the use / allocation of The Resource Center has conducted training resources efficiently, evenly and on organic farming that is environmentally sustainably. According to Elizabeth and friendly or without the use of chemical Darwis (2003), rural institutions were born fertilizers in the surrounding villages and to meet the social needs of the community. also provides examples of direct farming in Its nature is not linear, but tends to be the locations where the Resource Center can be individual needs of its members, in the form witnessed by the surrounding community, of: physical needs, security needs, social but the surrounding community is very relations needs, recognition, and minimal who is enthusiastic about doing, development of recognition. The main learning and imitating what has been proven benefit of the institution is to accommodate by the Resource Center because the the needs of one side of society's social life, community around the level of education is and as social control, so that everyone can still very low, the majority have not regulate their behavior according to the attended school and graduated from wishes of the community. elementary school, besides that they feel Residents who had attended training very busy farming like that. The acceptance and counseling and learned farming in the of the surrounding community is very Resource Center about environmentally minimal because the paradigm that still friendly organic farming were still relatively tends to be practical and fast farming as well low compared to the heads of farmer as many and short-term results without families 11.2% said they were (yes), while regard to the preservation of nature in the others said no. From the number of farmers future and healthy food free of chemical in the village of Siana'a, the Resource residues. Center has started working on plant As a small part of the Siana'a village cultivation without the use of chemical farmers have gained knowledge about how fertilizers, composting to be used as to make compost that can be used as organic fertilizers, artificial pesticides and how to fertilizer to replace use rather than chemical process the land, but the intention of the fertilizers, but not all farmers who use local community is very low, according to organic fertilizer / compost know from the them Organic farming that is way the Resource Center makes it only environmentally friendly requires a long 22.4%, but there are farmers who learn on time and adequate facilities are different their own via the internet, buy books and a from the Resource Center institutions that small portion of the experience of working have sufficient facilities to implement it. relatives. Farmers in the village of Siana'a On the other hand, usually at the whose majority of education is not yet in beginning of starting a business or work is school and only graduated (Elementary always haunted by a sense of anxiety School) Elementary School is one of the succeeding because if they do not succeed, inhibiting factors for wanting to learn how then they are difficult to eat, not to mention to make relatively little organic fertilizer the garden / newly opened land is usually because understanding and knowledge of very high attacked by pests, to be immune the dangers of using chemical fertilizers has and adjust with these pests it takes a rather not been understood. Back to the awareness long process, as is the case with land that of each farmer to keep the environment and has been contaminated by the use of the environment which is then inherited for chemical fertilizers so far it takes future generations. And it is necessary from approximately three years to recover. While various parties, including government, the Resource Center even though they failed schools, institutions, and the other to they could still eat everyday because their provide information about the dangers of employees were employees of the diocese of using chemical fertilizers but move our Sibolga. farmers to re-use environmentally friendly
International Journal of Research & Review (www.ijrrjournal.com) 268 Vol.6; Issue: 5; May 2019 Serius Gulo. et al. The role of the resource centre in the development of environment-friendly agriculture in Siana’s Sub-district Mandrehe West Nias regency organic fertilizers. Awareness is directly agricultural area. Can be done by cutting proportional to one's knowledge. It is time grass and cutting down wild trees that are for young intellectuals to take to the field in not needed. The remainder of the cleaning providing knowledge to farmers how plant should not be burned but collected important it is to use organic fertilizer. somewhere and waited until it is dry. For Dilemma, when farmers' children are told to better, all the rest is cut into small pieces so study at school but their knowledge is not that it can be used in the composting used for community welfare. Another was process. Please note that grass roots are also eliminated from the minimalist community good for the plants you want to develop. who continued their studies in agriculture Because in all the roots contained bacteria because they thought that after graduation that symbiosis mutualism to produce the they returned to being farmers whose work nutrients needed. Further excavation is was always dirty and dirty. carried out by extracting as deep as 20-30 Siana'a village farmers who can cm. After excavating, it should be mixed make and use natural pesticides 22, 4% are with animal manure or ditch soil. Do it still relatively small in number of farmers while stretching and breaking the parts into who know the making of natural / vegetable smaller pieces. This treatment is useful for pesticides, because there are very few enriching organic and inorganic materials in interest in using them because of the long soil which may have been lost before being process and many ways of working, and used or carried by erosion. Then make beds knowledge to make it unknown what that are higher than the ground level with a ingredients are needed, because the lack of certain size. The beds are made higher so information obtained coupled with a very that the surface water flow caused by the low level of education to find information is rain is not flooded and brings nutrients. So limited because some farmers cannot read. land processing is absolutely necessary to Wargayang, a farmer in Siana'a village, create a fairly good environment. (Kanisius, knows how to make natural / vegetable 1983). The Siana'a village farmer pesticides not only from the Resource community said how to cultivate their land Center but through friends who used to farm knowing from previous ancestor habits that organically and most of the information is have been handed down to the current inherited from old-time parents. generation, only 23% knew it from the If we want to live healthy and Resource Center through training and direct environmentally friendly, there is a choice observation of visiting times or around the or option offered, namely to use "natural location of the institution. ingredients" to drive away or drive out Resource Cent before forming a natural enemies that attack plants, without farmer group in Siana'a village was not yet having to turn them off, so that the included in the Resource Center program. ecosystem cycle is still maintained. The Resource Center is a place for anyone ecological and environmentally friendly by who wants to learn to farm organically using organic / natural pesticides. As one of which is more environmentally friendly, if the solutions in natural and integrated pest the Resource Center forms a group it is management that is processed naturally and feared that it will take a lot of time in is multipurpose. not only used for mentoring even though there are only 3 eradicating pests but more focused on (three) people who have responsibility in preventing and protecting plants and caring for and maintaining Planting in the conditioning plants to be resistant to any Resource Center as the main task is to get pest attack. maximum results and then sell it as a Cultivating land for organic farming is business that has been paid to the manager. cleaning up the area to be planted, the first Furthermore, inevitably need funds in step is to open a plot of land to be used as an mentoring and guidance groups, not to
International Journal of Research & Review (www.ijrrjournal.com) 269 Vol.6; Issue: 5; May 2019 Serius Gulo. et al. The role of the resource centre in the development of environment-friendly agriculture in Siana’s Sub-district Mandrehe West Nias regency mention the presumption of the farming farming system. Indonesia as an agrarian community today if there is a group formed country with rich natural products and by one of the institutions hoping for prospective commodities for organic assistance in the form of money or free agriculture can actually develop a good seeds. organic farming system as long as there is The Resource Center seldom makes awareness and willingness from Indonesian direct observations of individual farms, but farmers and support from the Government if it crosses the land / gardens of the and the agencies concerned. surrounding community, the Resource Starting from the formation of West Center will always stop and tell about the Nias, until now, the relevant government agriculture carried out by the community, if agencies have not yet programmed there is a problem or complaint that is sustainable agricultural development for the conveyed by the community this farming communities of West Nias district, information will be a solution for the with the background of human resources advancement of agriculture in West Nias in that are still very limited. Efforts to realize general. The institutional role of Resource sustainable agricultural development in Cent for farmers is very important, where Indonesia in addition to starting from agricultural institutions support a lot of government initiatives and institutional business opportunities carried out by a pressures carried out by the wider person or farmer group itself. It is not community itself, also need the full separated that the institutions of farmers and development of human resources (Anwar farmers are an inseparable unit. 2005). In addition, the regional budget is Efforts That Can Be Made By Stakeholders still low, so that it prioritizes the building of Of The Agriculture Service In West Nias In buildings and infrastructure for the Implementing Environmentally Friendly continuity of all government activities in Agriculture. West Nias Regency. To promote Realize the realization of an organic environmentally friendly agriculture in West farming system for the realization of Nias district, government support is needed, sustainable agriculture, the role of the both for institutions, groups and other Government and Institutions in agriculture people who need to be provided specifically is very important. The role of the about environmentally friendly agriculture government in terms of certification is in order to achieve prosperous and healthy certainly highly expected so that consumers farmers. have confidence in the results of organic Government intervention in the agricultural products so that eventually the future development of agricultural farmers want to strive to implement an institutions is still needed. However, the organic farming system. The role of form of government interference is not Agencies in agriculture, such as holding cohesive, but rather facilitating so that it can agricultural counseling and field schools is stimulate cohesive institutional growth. very important. With the extension of the Rules that develop on local institutions organic farming system itself, the teaching should be leadership with rules and laws of making organic fertilizers, the related to existing institutions (Suradisastra, introduction of organic Integrated Pest 2008). Management (IPM) and the introduction of The resource center does not approach the vegetable and biological pesticides to empowerment of surrounding rural farmers farmers, can at least increase farmers' because the time and opportunity of awareness of the importance of organic Resource center employees is very limited farming systems so that in the end they want because they must continue to carry out to implement and even develop the organic their duties within the institution to maintain
International Journal of Research & Review (www.ijrrjournal.com) 270 Vol.6; Issue: 5; May 2019 Serius Gulo. et al. The role of the resource centre in the development of environment-friendly agriculture in Siana’s Sub-district Mandrehe West Nias regency growing plants, raise livestock, maintain village, business people are one of the facilities such as machinery and compost parties who seek for commercial purposes. and some other tasks ministry of pastors to Participating in organic farming is the stations (churches). marketer of organic products, namely In addition to the obstacles above traditional markets / local markets, as Resource center does not carry out product marketers (helping market products) empowerment to the farming community is not only selling products from farmers to the problem of funding or funding plus consumers, but also providing information problems that are often faced in the field, on market needs and pricing information to farmers who always expect all institutions to farmers. Prices given to farmers are in even expect assistance in terms of plant accordance with current market prices, but seeds, especially in the form of money because there is no certification of prices economic factors farmers who are still very pegged will be the same as non-organic. low and have a narrow mindset because of Business people in the development of the relatively low education and habits after inorganic farms can play a role in promoting the earthquake in Nias that came from all and channeling or selling organic products. directions. Promotions of organic products can be done Support From Parties In The by organic product stores, while marketing Development Of Organic Farming them can be done by traditional markets or Agricultural farming development is not existing ones, Sutanto (2002). only done by farmers, but there are several 3) PPL (Field Extension Officer) parties involved in developing organic rice PPL is a supporting stakeholder, namely a farming (stakeholders). Each party has its stakeholder who does not have a direct own role in developing organic farming, the relationship with a policy or program. parties involved in developing organic However, they have concern and concern so farming are farmers, Institution Resource that they share and influence the attitude of Centers, business people, Field Extension the community. PPL is an extension officer Officers and mass media in the form of on duty in the field, the role of PLPL in regional newspapers. developing organic farming that is 1) Farmers environmentally friendly and provides Farmers are the core stakeholders in the information when there is a program from development of inorganic farms in the the government. Agricultural extension village that have direct links with interests workers are field extension officers (PPL) in a policy or program. Core stakeholders as who play an important role in the the main determinant in the decision making development of organic agriculture. The process. Farmers as the main actors in role is as a companion of farmers and organic farming carry out their role in promoting organic farming. This farmer cultivating the results of farming, from the assistance will also be assisted by the selection of seeds to harvest, which is Community Empowerment Institute and the maintained as truly organic yields. In farmers themselves as the main actors addition to conducting organic cultivation, (Sutanto 2002). farmers also provide supervision to other 4) Mass media farmers related to the implementation of Mass media is a supporting stakeholder, organic farming on their land. Another role namely stakeholders who have no direct expected from farmers is to help invite other interest, but indirectly give their attention. farmers to participate in implementing Mass media is one of the parties that gives organic farming. and disseminates information to those who 2) Business Actors access it. The use of regional news letters in Business people are also stakeholders in the the development of organic farming in the development of organic farming in the village of Siana'a has not been able to run
International Journal of Research & Review (www.ijrrjournal.com) 271 Vol.6; Issue: 5; May 2019 Serius Gulo. et al. The role of the resource centre in the development of environment-friendly agriculture in Siana’s Sub-district Mandrehe West Nias regency optimally, information given from the districts that need large funds for other newspaper itself is general in nature and priority activities. does not only inform specifically for organic farming. Recommendations 5) Resource Center The Resource Center needs to make more The Resource Center Institution is also a breakthroughs and a lot of socialization to supporting stakeholder. The Resource the surrounding community so that they are Center plays several roles in organic better known and understand how to farm farming in Siana'a Village, including environmentally friendly providing training to farmers, selling The Siana'a village farming community compost, forming organic farmer groups should be able to see and visit the Resource and helping to market organic produce. In Center more often to be able to discuss with addition to the role that has been carried out, the officials there about environmentally the Institute of Resource Centers is expected friendly farming methods to preserve the to be able to work with the government in nature that is needed by future generations. developing organic farming. Stackholders or related parties need to prepare human resources in charge of CONCLUSIONS AND organic agriculture or environmentally RECOMMENDATIONS friendly agriculture for the advancement of CONCLUSION farmers in West Nias such as providing The existence of the Resource scholarships for agriculture, sending people Center has carried out its role as an to study outside Nias island to further environmentally friendly agricultural enhance the experience. developer in the village of Siana'a by Resource Centers and Stackholders Prepare conducting socialization, plant cultivation superior seedlings of commodity crops. training, strengthening farmer capacity, organizing. Planting directly in the land as REFERENCES an example to the community as well as AAK (AksiAgrarisKanisius). 1983. Dasar- helping with marketing of farm produce Dasar Bercocok Tanam. Kanisius. Yogyakarta. even though it is not fully full is due to more Abu, Ahmadi, 1982, PsikologiSosial, farming and self-determination in its Surabaya: PT. BinaIlmu. location which is nothing but the ultimate Amien, M., 2005.Kemandirian Lokal. goal as a local business or business. Gramedia Pustaka Utama. Jakarta. Siana'a village farmers' views on the A.A Anwar Prabu Mangkunegara. 2005. existence of Resource Centers in their Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia villages, the role of these institutions is still Perusahaan. Bandung: PT Remaja Rosda low in developing environmentally friendly karya. Avelinus, 2008. Analisis Pengembangan agriculture with the background of only Pertanian Organik di Kabupaten 22.4% participating in organic farming and Magelang.Universitas Diponegoro. Semarang learning from the Resource Center plus the (Tesis). absence of groups formed for example in Bryan, Frank L. (1995). Analisis Bahaya dan their villages that can be directly benefited Pengendalian itik Kritis. (Diterjemahkan oleh by the community rely solely on the Ditjen PPM dan PLP). Jakarta: Depkes RI. example of the resource center itself. Eko, Sutoro. 2002, Pemberdayaan The relevant government has not been able Masyarakat Desa, Materi Diklat Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Desa, yang to do anything in developing diselenggarakan Badan Diklat Provinsi environmentally friendly agriculture in West Kaltim, Samarinda. Nias due to the very limited human and Arifin, Zaenal, 2005. Teori Keuangan dan financial resources plus new blooming Pasar Modal, Ekonisia, Yogyakarta.
International Journal of Research & Review (www.ijrrjournal.com) 272 Vol.6; Issue: 5; May 2019 Serius Gulo. et al. The role of the resource centre in the development of environment-friendly agriculture in Siana’s Sub-district Mandrehe West Nias regency
Elizabeth, R danDarwis, V. Sutanto, R., 2002. Penerapan Pertanian 2003.Karakteristik Petani Miskin dan Organik. Permasyarakatan dan Persepsinya Terhadap Program JPS di Pengembangannya. Penerbit Kanisius. Propinsi Jawa Timur.SOCA.Bali. Yogyakarta. Fardiaz, S., 1992. Mikrobiologi Pangan I. Suradisastra, K. 2008. Strategi Pemberdayaan Gramedia Pustaka Utama, Jakarta. Kelembagaan Petani. Forum Penelitian Agro Handoko, T. Hani. (2010). Manajemen Ekonomi-Pusat Analisis Sosial Ekonomi dan Personalia & Sumberdaya Manusia. BPFE- Kebijakan Pertanian. Bogor Yogyakarta. Ruttandan Hayami. 1984. Dilema Ekonomi Hagul, Peter. 1992. Pembangunan Desa dan Desa: Suatu Pendekatan Ekonomi Terhadap Lembaga Swadaya Masyarakat. CV. Perubahan Kelembagaan di Asia.Yayasan Rajawali. Jakarta. Obor Indonesia. Jakarta. Haris, Peter dan Reilly, Ben. 2000. Taylor, D.R.F; dan McKenzie. 1992. Demokrasi dan Konflik yang Mengakar : Development from Wihins. Routledge. Chapter Sejumlah Pilihan Negosiator. Jakarta : 1 dan 10. London. Internastional IDEA Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2006 Inawati, L. 2011. Manajer Mutu dan Akses tentang Sistem Penyuluhan Pertanian, Pasar Aliansi Organis Indonesia (AOI), Perikanan dan Kehutanan. semiloka “Memajukan Pertanian Organis di Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia nomor Indonesia: Peluang dan Tantangan ke depan”. 11 tahun 2009 tentang Kesejahteraan Sosial. Yayasan Bina Sarana Bhakti di Cisarua, Uphoff, N. 1992. Local Institution and Bogor, Jawa Barat. Participation for Sustainable Development. Kartono, Kartini. 2002. Psikologi Umum. IIED. London. Bandung :Sinar Baru Algies Indonesia Wedy N. 2012. Pengembangan kelembagaan Koentjaraningrat. 1990. Pengantar Ilmu pertanian untuk peningkatan kapasitas petani Antropologi. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta. terhadap pembangunan pertanian. Mardikanto Totok, 2009. Sistem Penyuluh Zulkarnain. 2001. Pertanian Organik: Sistem Pertanian. UNS Press. Surakarta. Pertanian Berbasis Produktivitas dan Mardikanto, Totok. 1992. Peyuluhan Lingkungan Hidup.Universitas Jambi. Jambi. Pembangunan Pertanian. Surakarta: Sebelas Basri, Faisal H. 2005. Tantangan dan Peluang Maret University Press. Otonomi Daerah.Universitas Brawijaya, Mubyarto 1989, Pengantar Ekonomi Malang.http://128.8.56.108/irisdata/PEG/Baha Pertanian, Jakarta :Edisi Ketiga, LP3S. sa/malang/ Malang tantangan.pdf., 22 Payne, M., 1997. Modern Social Work Theory. Desember 2016). Second Edition. McMilan Press Ltd. London. Masmulyadi, 2007. Membangun Kesadaran Salikin, K.A. 2003. Sistem Pertanian dan Keberdayaan Petani. Diakses dari Berkelanjutan. Yogyakarta :Kanisius. Internet tanggal 14 Mei 2017. Saptana, T; Pranadji; Syahyuti dan Saragih, Bungaran, 2002. Pengembangan Roosganda, E.M., 2003. Transformasi Agribisnis dalam Pembangunan Ekonomi Kelembagaan untuk Mendukung Ekonomi Nasional Menghadapi Abad ke 21.http/www. Kerakyatan di Pedesaan. Laporan Penelitian. 202. 159. 18. 43/jsi.htm (online). 10 Januari PSE. Bogor. 2017. Soekanto, Soerjono, 2002, Teori Peranan, Jakarta, Bumi Aksara. Sumaatmadja. N. 2002. Metodologi Pengajaran ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial. Bandung; PT. Alumni.
How to cite this article: Gulo. S, Nasution. Z. et al. The role of the resource centre in the development of environment-friendly agriculture in Siana’s sub-district Mandrehe West Nias regency. International Journal of Research and Review. 2019; 6(5):262-273.
******
International Journal of Research & Review (www.ijrrjournal.com) 273 Vol.6; Issue: 5; May 2019